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“ Is Disaster Man Made?”
Are we ready for Urban Disaster
Management?
–A case study in Kolkata
Tapas Kumar Ghatak , Geophysicist
• Understanding the process of mapping with
reference to types and categories of Disaster.
• Understanding the Preparation and
evaluation of Vulnerability and Risk maps of
Disaster Prone areas. Few case Studies
• Knowledge of primary and secondary data
/information base and Exposure to Soft Ware
application.
• “Although the incidence of major natural
disasters has not increased, their effects are
becoming more severe in the Third World
because of the growing numbers of people
and structures located in hazard-prone
areas. Millions of people in these expanding
urban populations are potential victims of
disasters of cataclysmic proportions, and
even the political and economic stability of
many nations in Africa, Asia and Latin
America can be threatened.”
Spencer W Havlick
News keep on Flowing.........
• UN report: 22 M people displaced by natural
disasters in 2013
• In Uttarkashi, life’s still not back on track
• AMRI hospital fire in Kolkata: Two Kerala nurses
save 8 patients but die in trying to rescue 9th
• Fire erupts at Chatterjee International Centre in
Kolkata.
• Kolkata remained waterlogged following heavy
rainfall since Thursday night in the city and other
southern West Bengal districts.
• And So many.......................
Kolkata
Philippines
And We Wait for the Next news...
How Much We actually know
about my City
And
How Much we actually Bother to
know
TYPES AND CATEGORIES
OF DISASTER
AND
THE PROCESS OF
MAPPING
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
FLOOD PRONE AREAS.... INDIA
CYCLONE PRONE AREAS.....INDIA
HOT-POT ... INDIAN DISASTER
Is disaster man made
Acknowledgement
• Geological Survey of India.
• KMDA
• NATMO
• SWID
• KMC
• Dept of Fire, Govt of WB
• UNICEF
• WORLD BANK
Is disaster man made
1792
1817
1852
Early 20th Century
We were and We are
proud what we had
Is disaster man made
Urban Area
Rural Area
Vacant Area
Vegetation
Agricultural
Field
Predominat
Wetlands (East
Kolkata)
Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA)
Year 1980 – 86 ( 1527 sq.km.) Year 2005 (1722 sq.km.)
Urban Area Rural Area Wetlands Vegetation Agricultural Field Vacant Land
Year 2014 (1900 sq.km.)
Is disaster man made
Maximum Decline
Is disaster man made
Kalyani
Banshberia
Uluberia
Howrah
Barasat
Barrackpore
Kolkata
Baruipur
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Piezometric Depression: KMC area
7m - 10m
Figure 12
HIGHEST RISK AREA
HIGH RISK AREA
MODERATE RISK AREA
Kmc Ward Wise Risk Areas
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Name of Catchment Basin
Area of Catchment new
(Sq. Km)
Total Population
(As per census 2001)
Howrah Drainage Channel 118 1626615
Rajapur Drainage Channel 68.21 327241
Borajala Drainage Channel 55.8 216646
•Dankuni Drainage Channel 210 1239548
Bagher Khal 92.48 401,952
Nawi Khal 114 2304613
Beliaghata Khal and Bangur Cut 220 4223266
•Kaorapukur Khal Charial Khal and Boat
Canal
176 2,046,894
•Tolly's Nala 16 583847
•Panchammgram Cannel 46.13 926281
Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan
Area
LAND FORM MAP OF
KOLKATA METROPOLITAN AREA

Dankuni Drainage channel
Panchannagram Drainage Channel
Tally Nala
Kaorapukur, Charial Khal and Boat Canal
Is disaster man made
Shrinkage of Drainage basins
Type/Year Habitat
Land
Wet land Agriculture
Land
1922 30% 17% 53%
2004 70% 10% 12%
Increase in habitat Land more than 100% since 1947
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
Is disaster man made
A SPECIFIC CASE STUDY OF
DISASTER IN MY CITY :
Is disaster man made
INITIAL AGENDA
•SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION RELATED TO
FIRE
•PUT THEM INTO A COMUPERISED FORMAT
•ATTACHED THEM IN A COMPUTERSID
DIGITISED MAP OF KMC THROUGH A GIS
FORMAT.
• ZONING OF FIRE PRONE AREAS.
•IDENTIFICATION OF SHORTEST ROUTE FROM
THE FIRE STATION TO THE FIRE PRONE ZONE.
• ON LINE TRAINING OF FIRE SERVICE
PERSONNAL
STEPS TAKEN
• FORMATION OF A WORKING GROUP FROM
THE RELEVANT AGENCIES.
• COLLECTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
DATA.
• EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT
• DEMONSTRATION TO MINISTERS AND
SENIOR OFFICIALS
• MODIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM AS AND
WHEN REQUIRED
FUTURE AGENDA
• TRAINING AND EXPOSURE OF MORE PERSONNEL
FROM FIRE SERVICE.
• INCORPORATION OF LOGICAL ANALYSIS IN THE
SYSTEM FOR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION
• INTRODUCTION OF GPS IN THE FIRE VEHICLE .
• INCORPORATION OF MORE INFORMATION IN THE
SYSTEM.
• HANDING OVER THE SYSTEM TO THE FIRE SERVICE
DEPARTMENT
GIS WORK AT
THE CENTRAL
BUSINESS
DISTRICT ZONE
OF KMC
Is disaster man made
KMC
24 WARDS OF KMC UNDER
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
ZONE
KALI KRISHNA TAGORE STREET
NORTH
BOUNDARY OF CENTRAL BUSINESS
DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
GIS WORK OF THE
KMC WARDS
DATA FIELD USED INCOMPUTERISATION
ROAD
FIRE STATION
MARKET
BIG FIRE
HIGH RISE BUILDING
HYDRANT
BIG DIA TUBEWELL
PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL
BUSTEE
WATER BODIES
INFLAMABLE UNIT
HERITAGE BUILDINGS
TRANSFORMER
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
TOTAL NO. OF ROADS
BELOW 2M
2M TO 4M
4M TO 6M
6M TO 8M
8M TO 12M
MORE THAN
12M
BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
TOTAL NO. OF ROADS
BELOW 2M
2M TO 4M
4M TO 6M
6M TO 8M
8M TO 12M
MORE THAN
12M
BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN
KOLKATA MUNICIPAL AREA
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR ROAD DATABASE
• STREET NAME
• CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH
• LEFT PARKING
• RIGHT PARKING
• NET CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH
• ROAD TYPE
• LEFT FOOTPATH
• RIGHT FOOTPATH
• WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG DIA TUBEWELLS
DATABASE
• SIZE OF DIAMETER (in mm.)
• NAME OF THE LOCATION
• OWNED BY
• PREMISES No.
• ROAD NAME
• WARD NO.
• PREMISES No.
• NAME OF THE BUILDING
• ROAD NAME
• WARD NO.
• HEIGHT (in Meter)
• AREA (Sq.m.)
• BOROUGH No.
• USER GROUP
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
DATABASE
• NAME OF THE FIRE
STATION
• PREMISES No.
• ADDRESS
• WARD NO.
• PUMP
• MORNING FACILITIES
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR FIRE SERVICE STATIONS
DATABASE
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR MARKET COMPLEX DATABASE
• PREMISES No.
• ROAD NAME
• WARD NO.
• ADDRESS
• OWNED BY
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL
DATABASE
• NAME OF THE HALL
• PREMISES No.
• ADDRESS
• OWNED BY
• HALL TYPE
• PHONE NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR UNDER GROUND WATER
DATABASE
• ADDRESS
• CAPACITY IN GALLONS
• SOURCE TYPE
• FILTERED WATER
• CONDITION
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF
WATER BODIES IN CMC
• PREMISES NO.
• STREET NAME
• LOCATION
• WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG FIRE DATABASE
ADDRESS
• PREMISES No.
• WARD No.
• DATE
• TIME
TOTAL APPLIANCE FOAM CO2 TENDER
MOTOR PUMP FOAM CANNON
WATER BOWSER FOAM CANNON CARRIER
WATER CARRIER EMERGENCY TENDER
JEEP MOTOR PUMP TOWING VEHICLE
TRAILER PUMP UTILITY VEHICLE
TURN TABLE LADDER HOSE LAYING UNIT
CRASH TENDER
HYDRAULIC PLATFORM
PORTABLE PUMP
AIR FIELD CRASH TENDER
FOAM TENDER
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF BUSTEE
PREMISES NO.
STREET NAME
LOCATION
PREMISES STATUS
BOROUGH NO.
WARD NO.
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HERITAGE BUILDING
NAME
• PREMISES No.
• ROAD NAME
• WARD No.
• LOCATION
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR IMPORTANT PLACE
NAME
• PREMISES No.
• ROAD NAME
• WARD No.
• PREMISES STATUS
CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR INFLAMABLE UNITS
NAME
• PREMISES No.
• ROAD NAME
• WARD No.
• NIC CODE
• ITEM DESCRIPTION
• STORAGE QUANTITY
• UNITS
THANTHANIA
KALIBARI
DETECTION OF
VULNERABLE WARDS OF
KMC WITH GIS
HYDRANT
BIG FIRE
FIRE SERVICE STATION
LALBAZAR
F.S
VAILABLE
ARRIAGE WIDTH
ESS THAN
QUALS TO 4 Mtr.
STRAND BANK ROAD
ROADS LESS THAN EQUALS
TO 4Mtr. IN THE WARD No. 22
& 23 IN THE CBD ZONE OF
KMC
HYDRANTS BIG FIRE
NET CARRIAGE WAY
LESS THAN EQUALS
TO 4 Mtr.
DEFUNC
HYDRANTS
NET CARRIAGE
WAY LESS THAN
EQUALS TO 4 Mtr.
NET CARRIAGE WAY
MORE THAN EQUALS
TO 5 Mtr.
We have identified
• The Risk Proneness of the area in relation to
fire and graded them accordingly.
• The shortest route for the fire service to reach
the respective risk zone
• The fire fighting factors of the respective zone
What Next?
The need of the future could be
• To Train up a group of Fire service officials in
handling and operation of the generated system
• Put the system in use for their daily use.
• Enable the department to support the system by
themselves and
• Generate confidence to tackle the situation more
effectively as the required information will be
available with them readily.
The Similar analysis has been done in
other sectors too, but
The Question Remains :
“Are we ready
for Urban Disaster Management ?
If not How long should we wait ?”
My Contact
• Cell No 9830251685
• E-mail ID tk.ghatak@gmail.com
Lets go together in Future

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Is disaster man made

  • 1. “ Is Disaster Man Made?” Are we ready for Urban Disaster Management? –A case study in Kolkata Tapas Kumar Ghatak , Geophysicist
  • 2. • Understanding the process of mapping with reference to types and categories of Disaster. • Understanding the Preparation and evaluation of Vulnerability and Risk maps of Disaster Prone areas. Few case Studies • Knowledge of primary and secondary data /information base and Exposure to Soft Ware application.
  • 3. • “Although the incidence of major natural disasters has not increased, their effects are becoming more severe in the Third World because of the growing numbers of people and structures located in hazard-prone areas. Millions of people in these expanding urban populations are potential victims of disasters of cataclysmic proportions, and even the political and economic stability of many nations in Africa, Asia and Latin America can be threatened.” Spencer W Havlick
  • 4. News keep on Flowing......... • UN report: 22 M people displaced by natural disasters in 2013 • In Uttarkashi, life’s still not back on track • AMRI hospital fire in Kolkata: Two Kerala nurses save 8 patients but die in trying to rescue 9th • Fire erupts at Chatterjee International Centre in Kolkata. • Kolkata remained waterlogged following heavy rainfall since Thursday night in the city and other southern West Bengal districts. • And So many.......................
  • 6. And We Wait for the Next news...
  • 7. How Much We actually know about my City And How Much we actually Bother to know
  • 8. TYPES AND CATEGORIES OF DISASTER AND THE PROCESS OF MAPPING
  • 13. HOT-POT ... INDIAN DISASTER
  • 15. Acknowledgement • Geological Survey of India. • KMDA • NATMO • SWID • KMC • Dept of Fire, Govt of WB • UNICEF • WORLD BANK
  • 17. 1792
  • 18. 1817
  • 19. 1852
  • 21. We were and We are proud what we had
  • 23. Urban Area Rural Area Vacant Area Vegetation Agricultural Field Predominat Wetlands (East Kolkata)
  • 24. Land Use Pattern Analysis (KMA) Year 1980 – 86 ( 1527 sq.km.) Year 2005 (1722 sq.km.) Urban Area Rural Area Wetlands Vegetation Agricultural Field Vacant Land Year 2014 (1900 sq.km.)
  • 33. Piezometric Depression: KMC area 7m - 10m Figure 12
  • 34. HIGHEST RISK AREA HIGH RISK AREA MODERATE RISK AREA Kmc Ward Wise Risk Areas
  • 38. Name of Catchment Basin Area of Catchment new (Sq. Km) Total Population (As per census 2001) Howrah Drainage Channel 118 1626615 Rajapur Drainage Channel 68.21 327241 Borajala Drainage Channel 55.8 216646 •Dankuni Drainage Channel 210 1239548 Bagher Khal 92.48 401,952 Nawi Khal 114 2304613 Beliaghata Khal and Bangur Cut 220 4223266 •Kaorapukur Khal Charial Khal and Boat Canal 176 2,046,894 •Tolly's Nala 16 583847 •Panchammgram Cannel 46.13 926281 Details of Drainage Basin of Kolkata Metropolitan Area
  • 39. LAND FORM MAP OF KOLKATA METROPOLITAN AREA  Dankuni Drainage channel Panchannagram Drainage Channel Tally Nala Kaorapukur, Charial Khal and Boat Canal
  • 41. Shrinkage of Drainage basins Type/Year Habitat Land Wet land Agriculture Land 1922 30% 17% 53% 2004 70% 10% 12% Increase in habitat Land more than 100% since 1947
  • 48. A SPECIFIC CASE STUDY OF DISASTER IN MY CITY :
  • 50. INITIAL AGENDA •SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION RELATED TO FIRE •PUT THEM INTO A COMUPERISED FORMAT •ATTACHED THEM IN A COMPUTERSID DIGITISED MAP OF KMC THROUGH A GIS FORMAT. • ZONING OF FIRE PRONE AREAS. •IDENTIFICATION OF SHORTEST ROUTE FROM THE FIRE STATION TO THE FIRE PRONE ZONE. • ON LINE TRAINING OF FIRE SERVICE PERSONNAL
  • 51. STEPS TAKEN • FORMATION OF A WORKING GROUP FROM THE RELEVANT AGENCIES. • COLLECTION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA. • EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT • DEMONSTRATION TO MINISTERS AND SENIOR OFFICIALS • MODIFICATION OF THE SYSTEM AS AND WHEN REQUIRED
  • 52. FUTURE AGENDA • TRAINING AND EXPOSURE OF MORE PERSONNEL FROM FIRE SERVICE. • INCORPORATION OF LOGICAL ANALYSIS IN THE SYSTEM FOR ROUTE OPTIMIZATION • INTRODUCTION OF GPS IN THE FIRE VEHICLE . • INCORPORATION OF MORE INFORMATION IN THE SYSTEM. • HANDING OVER THE SYSTEM TO THE FIRE SERVICE DEPARTMENT
  • 53. GIS WORK AT THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC
  • 55. KMC 24 WARDS OF KMC UNDER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE KALI KRISHNA TAGORE STREET NORTH BOUNDARY OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
  • 56. GIS WORK OF THE KMC WARDS
  • 57. DATA FIELD USED INCOMPUTERISATION ROAD FIRE STATION MARKET BIG FIRE HIGH RISE BUILDING HYDRANT BIG DIA TUBEWELL PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL BUSTEE WATER BODIES INFLAMABLE UNIT HERITAGE BUILDINGS TRANSFORMER
  • 58. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 TOTAL NO. OF ROADS BELOW 2M 2M TO 4M 4M TO 6M 6M TO 8M 8M TO 12M MORE THAN 12M BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT ZONE OF KMC AREA
  • 59. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 TOTAL NO. OF ROADS BELOW 2M 2M TO 4M 4M TO 6M 6M TO 8M 8M TO 12M MORE THAN 12M BAR SHOWING NO. OF ROADS WITH DIFFERENT WIDTH IN KOLKATA MUNICIPAL AREA
  • 60. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR ROAD DATABASE • STREET NAME • CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH • LEFT PARKING • RIGHT PARKING • NET CARRIAGE WAY WIDTH • ROAD TYPE • LEFT FOOTPATH • RIGHT FOOTPATH • WARD NO.
  • 61. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG DIA TUBEWELLS DATABASE • SIZE OF DIAMETER (in mm.) • NAME OF THE LOCATION • OWNED BY • PREMISES No. • ROAD NAME • WARD NO.
  • 62. • PREMISES No. • NAME OF THE BUILDING • ROAD NAME • WARD NO. • HEIGHT (in Meter) • AREA (Sq.m.) • BOROUGH No. • USER GROUP CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS DATABASE • NAME OF THE FIRE STATION • PREMISES No. • ADDRESS • WARD NO. • PUMP • MORNING FACILITIES CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR FIRE SERVICE STATIONS DATABASE
  • 63. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR MARKET COMPLEX DATABASE • PREMISES No. • ROAD NAME • WARD NO. • ADDRESS • OWNED BY CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR PUBLIC/CINEMA HALL DATABASE • NAME OF THE HALL • PREMISES No. • ADDRESS • OWNED BY • HALL TYPE • PHONE NO.
  • 64. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR UNDER GROUND WATER DATABASE • ADDRESS • CAPACITY IN GALLONS • SOURCE TYPE • FILTERED WATER • CONDITION CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF WATER BODIES IN CMC • PREMISES NO. • STREET NAME • LOCATION • WARD NO.
  • 65. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR BIG FIRE DATABASE ADDRESS • PREMISES No. • WARD No. • DATE • TIME TOTAL APPLIANCE FOAM CO2 TENDER MOTOR PUMP FOAM CANNON WATER BOWSER FOAM CANNON CARRIER WATER CARRIER EMERGENCY TENDER JEEP MOTOR PUMP TOWING VEHICLE TRAILER PUMP UTILITY VEHICLE TURN TABLE LADDER HOSE LAYING UNIT CRASH TENDER HYDRAULIC PLATFORM PORTABLE PUMP AIR FIELD CRASH TENDER FOAM TENDER CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR DATABASE OF BUSTEE PREMISES NO. STREET NAME LOCATION PREMISES STATUS BOROUGH NO. WARD NO.
  • 66. CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR HERITAGE BUILDING NAME • PREMISES No. • ROAD NAME • WARD No. • LOCATION CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR IMPORTANT PLACE NAME • PREMISES No. • ROAD NAME • WARD No. • PREMISES STATUS CONSIDERED FIELDS FOR INFLAMABLE UNITS NAME • PREMISES No. • ROAD NAME • WARD No. • NIC CODE • ITEM DESCRIPTION • STORAGE QUANTITY • UNITS THANTHANIA KALIBARI
  • 67. DETECTION OF VULNERABLE WARDS OF KMC WITH GIS
  • 68. HYDRANT BIG FIRE FIRE SERVICE STATION LALBAZAR F.S VAILABLE ARRIAGE WIDTH ESS THAN QUALS TO 4 Mtr. STRAND BANK ROAD
  • 69. ROADS LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4Mtr. IN THE WARD No. 22 & 23 IN THE CBD ZONE OF KMC
  • 70. HYDRANTS BIG FIRE NET CARRIAGE WAY LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4 Mtr. DEFUNC HYDRANTS NET CARRIAGE WAY LESS THAN EQUALS TO 4 Mtr. NET CARRIAGE WAY MORE THAN EQUALS TO 5 Mtr.
  • 71. We have identified • The Risk Proneness of the area in relation to fire and graded them accordingly. • The shortest route for the fire service to reach the respective risk zone • The fire fighting factors of the respective zone
  • 72. What Next? The need of the future could be • To Train up a group of Fire service officials in handling and operation of the generated system • Put the system in use for their daily use. • Enable the department to support the system by themselves and • Generate confidence to tackle the situation more effectively as the required information will be available with them readily.
  • 73. The Similar analysis has been done in other sectors too, but The Question Remains : “Are we ready for Urban Disaster Management ? If not How long should we wait ?”
  • 74. My Contact • Cell No 9830251685 • E-mail ID tk.ghatak@gmail.com Lets go together in Future