オートポイエーシス(Autopoiesis)
• self-‐produc/on
– Invented
from
Greek
words
by
Maturana
&
Varela
(1972;
1980)
• “auto”
(αυτό)
for
“self-‐”
• “poiesis”
(ποίησις)
for
“produc/on”
– Opposite
to
“allopoie/c”.
• Autopoie/c
system
– System
that
produces
itself
• Niklas
Luhmann
generalized
the
theory
and
applied
it
to
sociology
– “Social
Systems
Theory”
(Luhmann
1984).
8
System Formation of an Autopoietic System
(1) Element as Momentary Event
(2) Boundary Reproduction of the System
(3) Element Constitution based on the System
(1) Element as Momentary Event
• Shifting the viewpoint for elements, from substances to momentary events.
• Elements are momentary events that has no duration.
• They disappear as soon as they are realized.
• Consequently, the system must produce the elements in order to keep existing.
(2) Boundary Reproduction of the System
• Boundary of the system is determined by the operations.
• Inside the boundary is called “system”.
• Outside the boundary is called “environment”
• Environment can be indicated as the outsideof the system.
• Thus, each autopoietic system is operationally closed.
(3) Element Constitution based on the System
• Elements are constituted based on the on-going system.
• Thus, autopoietic systems are defined in a circular fashion.
•A System consists of elements that is momentary event.
•Elements are constituted based on the system.
System Formation of an Autopoietic System
(1) Element as Momentary Event
(2) Boundary Reproduction of the System
(3) Element Constitution based on the System
System Formation of an Autopoietic System
(1) Element as Momentary Event
(2) Boundary Reproduction of the System
(3) Element Constitution based on the System
Niklas Luhmann 『社会システム理論 〈上〉〈下〉』
(ニクラス・ルーマン, 恒星社厚生閣, 1993)
社会システム理論
Social Systems Theory
『社会システム理論:不透明な社会を捉える知の技法』
(井庭 崇 編著, 宮台 真司, 熊坂 賢次, 公文 俊平,
慶應義塾大学出版会, 2011)
社会システム理論 社会とは、《コミュニケーション》を要素とする
Social Systems Theory オートポイエティック・システムである。
社会システム
(コミュニケーションの連鎖)
心的システム
(意識の連鎖)
社会は、思考とは別のシステムとして形成される。
思考が社会のプロセスを「駆動」する。
社会システム理論 社会とは、《コミュニケーション》を要素とする
Social Systems Theory オートポイエティック・システムである。
社会システム
(コミュニケーションの連鎖)
心的システム
(意識の連鎖)
社会は、思考とは別のシステムとして形成される。
思考が社会のプロセスを「駆動」する。
C. Alexander, S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein,
A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction,
Oxford University Press, 1977
http://stephania32.wordpress.com/
Christopher Alexander
The
Future
of
Crea/vity
Studies
– “Creatology”
as
a
discipline
to
study
crea/ve
systems.
• proposed
as
a
cross-‐disciplinary
framework
by
I.
Magyari-‐Beck
(1977)
– “Crea/ve
Sciences”
as
a
interdisciplinary
field
to
study
crea/vity.
Cf.
Natural
Sciences,
Social
Sciences,
Network
Sciences,
Learning
Sciences,…
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