network

1. Lesson 2
Types of Computer Networks

2. Computer Networks
Computer network connects two
or more autonomous computers.
The computers can be
geographically located anywhere.

3. PAN, LAN, MAN & WAN
Network in small geographical Area (Room) is called PAN
(Personal Area Network)
Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a
Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)
Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
Network spread geographically (Country or across Globe) is
called WAN (Wide Area Network)

4. Applications of Networks
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)

5. PAN

6. Personal Area Networks (PAN)
A personal area network — PAN is a personal devices network
equipped at a limited area. PAN ordinary has such mobile
devices: cell phone, tablet, laptop. That type of network
could also be wirelessly connected to Internet.
A personal area network handles the interconnection of IT
devices at the surrounding of a single user. Generally, PAN
contains from following such appliances: cordless mice and
keyboards, cordless phone, Bluetooth.

7. Advantages of PAN
No need of extra cable and wire
Used in office, conference, and meetings
It is used in TV remotes, AC remotes, etc.
Data can Synchronize between different devices
Connect to many devices at a time

8. Advantages of PAN
No extra space requires
Affordable Cost
Portable
Easy to use
Reliable
Secure

9. Disadvantages of PAN
PAN can be operated in less range of areas
Can only be used for personal area
Slow data transfer
Interfere with radio signals
Infrared signals travel only in a straight line

10. Personal Area Networks (PAN)

11. LAN

12. Local Area Networks (LANs)
 Local Area Networks are privately-owned networks
within a small area, usually a single building or
campus of up to a few kilometers.
 Since it is restricted in size, that means their data
transmission time can be known in advance, and the
network management would be easier.

13.  Cost reductions through sharing of information and
databases, resources and network services.
different
between
 Increased information exchange between
departments in an organization, or
individuals.
Motivations for
Local Area Networking
 The growing demand for local area networks is due
to technical, economic and organizational factors:

14.  The trend to automate communication and
manufacturing process.
 Improve the community security.
 Increasing number and variety of intelligent data
terminals, PCs and workstations.
Motivations for
Local Area Networking

15. Local Area Networks (LANS) …

16. Local Area Networks (LANS) …

17. Transmission Technology used
in LANs
local area networks use either Wi-Fi or Ethernet to connect
computer and devices in a network.
A typical Wi-Fi LAN operates one or more wireless access
points that devices within coverage area connect to. These
access points, manage network traffic which is flowing to
and from the connected devices. In our home, school,
office’s LAN, wireless broadband routers perform the
functions of an access point.

18. Transmission Technology used
in LANs
A typical Ethernet LAN consisting of an ethernet cable to
which all the machines are attached, like in our school
labs, number of computers connected to each other
through the common ethernet cable.
Though Ethernet and Wi-Fi are usually used in most home
and office-based Local area networks, because of both the
low cost and speed requirements, you can also set up a LAN
with fiber optics which is more costly and provide better
communication speed compared to Ethernet LAN or Wi-fi
LAN.

19. LANS: Hardware Devices …
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
Repeaters
Bridges
Routers
Switches

20. MAN

21. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network
that is utilized across multiple buildings
Commonly used in school campuses or large
companies with multiple buildings
Is larger than a LAN, but smaller than a WAN
Is also used to mean the interconnection of
several LANs by bridging them together. This
sort of network is also referred to as a campus
network
Metropolitan Area Networks
(MANs)

22. Metropolitan Area Networks
(MANs)
A Metropolitan Area Network is a system of
LANs connected throughout a city or
area. MANs have the
of using telecommunication
as voice channels or data
metropolitan
requirement
media such
channels.
offices through MANs. Examples
Branch offices are connected to head
of
organizations that use MANs are
universities and colleges, grocery chains,
and banks.

23. Metropolitan Area Networks
(MANs)

24. WAN

25. Wide Area Networks
(WANS)
WANs connect LANs together between cities

26. Wide Area Networks
(WANS)
The main difference between a MAN and a WAN is that the
WAN uses Long Distance Carriers. Otherwise the same
protocols and equipment are used as a MAN.

27. Wide area network
A Wide Area Network is a network spanning a large
geographical area of around several hundred miles to
across the globe
May be privately owned or leased
Also called “enterprise networks” if they are
privately owned by a large company

28. Wide area network
It can be leased through one or several carriers (ISPs-
Internet Service Providers) such as AT&T
, Sprint,
Cable and Wireless
Can be connected through cable, fiber or satellite
Is typically slower and less reliable than a LAN
Services include internet, frame relay, ATM
(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)

29. Advantages of WAN
Centralized infrastructure:
One of the main advantage of WAN is the that we do not
need to maintain the backup and store data on local
system as everything is stored online on a data center,
from where we can access the data through WAN.
Privacy:
We can setup the WAN in such a way that it encrypts the
data that we share online that way the data is secure and
minimizes the risk of unauthorized access.

30. Advantages of WAN
Increased Bandwidth:
With the WAN we get to choose the bandwidth based on the
need, a large organization can have larger bandwidth that
can carry large amount of data faster and efficiently.
Area:
A WAN can cover a large area or even a whole world though
internet connection thus we can connect with the person
in another country through WAN which is not possible is
other type of computer networks.

31. Disadvantages of WAN
Antivirus:
Since our systems are connected with the large amount of
systems, there is possibility that we may unknowingly
download the virus that can affect our system and become
threat to our privacy and may lead to data loss.
Expensive:
Cost of installation is very high. Issue resolution: Issue
resolution takes time as the WAN covers large area, it is
really difficult to pin point the exact location where the
issues raised and causing the problem.

32. Network Interconnection
Components
Networks can be connected to each
other through several components
Repeater
Bridge
Router