1. 2011 Spanish Grammar Book
Tiana Anthony

2. Table of Contents
Title page
Table of Contents
El Presente
Ser y Estar
Verbs like gustar
Preterite
Imperfect
Cucharacha Verbs

3. Presente –er, -ar, -ir
-ar -er -ir
yo O O O
Tu As Es Es
El/Ella/ A E E
Usted
Nosotros Amos Emos Imos
(as)
Ellos (as)/ An En En
Ustedes

4. Stem Changers
 e  ie
o  ue
eI
u ue
Also called boot verbs. There is no stem
change in the nosotros/vosotros

5. Irregular –zco, -go, -oy
-oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer)
doy damos tengo tenemos conozco
das dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseis
da dan tiene tienen conoce conocen
***Irregular “YO” verbs only change in the yo form

6.  To use verbs like Gustar, you use the
following formula:
 indirect object pronoun + verb + subject
 Gustar
 Encantar
 Egrada

7. Verbs like -ger/-gir
 -ger/-gir
– Change the “g” to an “j” in verbs that end in
ger/-gir ONLY in the Yo form
Coger----> Cojo
Dirigir ----> Dirijo
Exigir----> Exijo

8. Verbs like -cer/-cir
 Verbs that end in a vowel
– + cer/cir add “z” before the “c” ONLY in the “Yo”
form
 Verbs that end in a consanant
– + cer/cir change the “c” to a “z” ONLY in the “yo”
form
Convencer---> Convenzo

9. Verbs like –uir/-guir
 -Guir verbs change from “gu” to “g” ONLY in the
“yo” form
 Verbs that have endings in –uir, add “y” before “a”,
“e”, and “o” endings
Atribuir
Atribuyo Atribuimos
Atribuyes Atribuis
Atribuye Atribuyen

10. Imperfect
 Imperfect is a form of past tense
 Ar Er/Ir
Aba ía
ábamos íamos
Abas ías
Aba as
Aban ía
ían

11. Preterite
 The preterite form alows you to refer to
specific past actions.
 At a fixed point in time
 A specific number of times
 During an elapsed amount of time

12. Preterite- Car/Gar/Zar
Car Gar Zar
Qué Gué Cé
Aste Gaste
Aste
Ó
ó Ó
Amos
Amos Asteis Amos
Asteis Asteis
Aron
Aron Aron

13. “Cucaracha” verbs
 Andar: anduv-
 Estar: estuv-
 Poder: Pud-
 Poner: Pus- -e
 Querer: Quis- -iste
 Saber: sup- -o
 Tener: tuv- -imos
 Venir: Vin- -isteis
 Conductir: conduj- -ieron
 Productir: produj-
 Traducir: traduj-
 Decir: dij-
 Traer: tra-