1. POVERTY AND ALLIVIATION IN
BANGLADESH
Md. Inzamul Haque Sazal
sazalgeo@outlook.com

2. POVERTY IN BANGLADESH
• Poverty has been assigned as the number one
problem for development of Bangladesh.
• Though the country is making significant progress in
the socio-economic field, poverty reduction is rather
slow. This is mainly because of its high population size
of 130 million (population census-2001) in an area of
1,41,000 sq. km. with a population density 840 per sq.
km.
• Every year, about 2 million population are adding to
its population size. Country’s resources are struggling
to support such increasing population.

4. Poverty Trends in Bangladesh
• Bangladesh is one of the global hub of poverty.
• These could be shown through three dimensions
of poverty trends:
–Trends in income poverty
–Trends in human poverty
–Trends in inequality.

5. Income Poverty in Bangladesh
• About 31.5% people live below the poverty line
in 2010 and 19.5% is the hard core poor.
• The head count poverty percentage declined
from 58.8% in 1992 to 48.9% in 2000, further to 40%
in 2005.
• The total number of people living below the
poverty line (2122 kilo calorie a day) however,
increased from 51.6 million in 1992 to 55.8 million
in 2000 and then to 56.0 million in 2005.
• However, hardcore poverty (1805 kilo calorie
a day) declined both in percentage terms and
in absolute number. It has decreased from 28%
(30.4 million) in 1992 to 19.5% (27.0 million) in 2005.

6. Year Source Total Population Poverty % Total Poor
2005 Population estimation
based on Poverty % 138,613,900
40.4
56,000,000
2011 Population estimation
by 1.36 growth 150,286,750
31.5
47,340,326
2011 Population census,
2011 and HIES 142,319,000
31.5
44,830,485
2011 People perception and
HIES of Poverty 160,000,000
31.5
50,400,000
2011 People perception
160,000,000
36
57,600,000
Trends in Human Poverty[Recent scenario]

8. Inequality Trends in Bangladesh
• Gini-coefficient in Bangladesh increased
from 0.451 in 2000 to 0.467 in 2005 thus
showing increase in inequality.
• The top 5% of the population enjoys
26.93% of the GNI (Gross National
Income, or GNI) while the bottom 5%
have only 0.77% of the national income.
• Inequality is higher in urban areas than
that of the rural areas.

9. Consequences of Poverty and Inequality
• Tendencies for violence and crime
increases with poverty.
• Lower socio economic status has been
linked to chronic stress, heart disease,
ulcers, type 2 diabetics, rheummatoid
arthritis, certain types of cancer and
premature aging.
• Mortality is strongly associated with higher
income inequality.

14. NOW THE QUESTION RISES
THAT HOW CAN WE COPE UP
WITH THIS BIG PROBLEM,
WHAT INITIATIVES
GOVERNMENT AND OTHER
ORGANIZATION SHOULD TAKE
TO ALLIVIATE POVERTY IN
BANGLADESH AND LAST OF ALL
WHAT WE NEED TO DO IN THIS
ALARMING SITUATION?

15. GOB Initiatives
• It is a constitutional obligation of the Government to
provide a reasonable living standard for the citizens by
alleviating poverty.
• Moreover, Government of Bangladesh as a signatory
of MDGs aims at halving poverty and hunger.
• GOB also adopted PRSP as an strategies for reduction
of poverty.

16. GOB Poverty Reduction Strategies:
NSAPR II
 The revised PRSP II (2009-2011) identified following
Strategic Blacks for poverty reduction:
 Macro economic environment for pro-poor
economic growth.
 Critical Areas for Pro-Poor Economic Growth
 Essential Infrastructure for Pro-Poor Economic
Growth
 Social Protection for the Vulnerable
 Human Resources Development

17. NSAPR II: Five Supporting strategies
1. Ensuring participation, social inclusion and
empowerment– women. Children, indigenous
communities, persons with disabilities, extreme
poor;
2. Promoting good governance.
3. Ensuring efficient delivery of utility services
4. Caring for environment and tackling climate
change for sustainable development;
5. Enhancing productivity and efficiency through
science and technology.

18. Programme 2009-2010 2010-2011
Various allowances
including cash
allowance
5,539 6056.71
Social
Empowerment
programme
161.00 55.52
Food security
programme
4932.48 7193.27
Micro credit 395.00 340.02
Other fund 3,096.34 3309.13
Total 20476.48
As % of total
budget
15.49
GOB’s Programmes
SSNP Budget in 2010-2011 (in Cr. Tk)
•Government total budget
(direct & indirect) for poverty
reduction in 2010-2011 was
Tk. 76,001 crore which is
57.50% of the total national
budget.
•GOB operates about 88 social
safety net programmes.
•Total SSNP budget is
20,476.48 crore which is
about 15.49% of national
budget and 2.54% of GDP.

19. GOB’s Main Programes
• VGF, VGD, test relief
• Old age benefit.
• Employment generation for the hard core poor
• National service.
• Asrayan for the homeless and river erosion affected people.
• One house one farm
• Gore Fera.
• Asrayan
• Food for work
• Allowances for the insolvent freedom fighters.
• Allowances for the widow and destitute divorcees
• Allowances for the lactate mother.

20. • Huge funds are available.
• Interest rate is low.
• Use existing administrative
facilities.
• Easily extend the coverage.
• If the political leaders really
wants it can bring better
achievements.
• During flood, cyclone and
natural calamities government
can utilize its whole
administration.
• Highly influenced by politics
• Extremely bureaucratic
• Weak network/linkages with
the poor.
• Corruption level is high.
• Miss the target group and
often provide benefits to the
vested interest group.
• Changes priority and
program with the changes of
government.
• No exit and ladder program.
Disadvantages of the GOB
Programs
Advantage of Government
Programs

21. Roles of NGOs
1. In the field of education
2. In the field of sanitation
3. In the field of
development project
4. In the field of population
control
5. In the field of removing
superstition
6. In the field of political
instability

22. Youthdevelopment
1. Skill development programs for youth;
2. Self-employment for the unemployed
youth;
3. Youth leadership and human relations
development;
4. Involvement of youth organizations in
community development activities;
5. Participation of youth in population control
and welfare activities;
6. Participation of youth in national social
service programs;
7. Supply of equipment to trained youth for
self-employment etc.
AgriculturalDevelopment
1. Production and productivity of agricultural
sector through crop diversification including
livestock, fisheries and poultry;
2. Farmer’s access to better technology;
3. Crop yields by shifting from local varieties
to High Yielding Varieties and hybrid
varieties;
4. Coverage of the irrigation network for
greater application of HYV in rice and
wheat;
5. Small and marginal farmer’s development
for higher productive intensity
Socialservice
1. Shelter, education and food to the
helpless orphans;
2. health services to helpless elderly
poor;
3. training and rehabilitation for the
distressed, vagrants and homeless;
4. training and rehabilitation for
handicapped and distressed poor
women;
5. Skill training to rehabilitate orphans,
the disable and the elderly people;
6. Credit to the poor asset less,
unemployed and the landless families
etc.
Women
Development 1. Skill development;
2. development of women
entrepreneurship;
3. credit payment among women;
4. strengthening of policy leadership;
5. poverty alleviation for women;
6. development of asset less women;
7. advocacy for gender equity etc.
Role of NGOs in Poverty Alleviation

23. Role of Microcredit to Alleviate Poverty
Conceptual framework of poverty alleviation through microcredit
Independent Variable:
Microcredit
Dependent Variable:
Poverty Alleviation
Small Size of Loan, which is found
to be an amount of Tk. 1000 to
10,000 distributed with the
condition of weekly repayment at
cheaper interest rate
1. To ensure better economic
condition;
2. To ensure opportunity for the
involvement with income
generating activities;
3. To ensure more income through
income generating activities.

24. • NGOs has strong network at the grass root level and can easily
reach to the poor.
• Local poor people feel comfortable to communicate with
NGOs.
• NGOs can deliver the micro credit to the real poor.
• NGOs can easily monitor the progress of the poor.
• No collateral is required for micro credit.
• NGOs has great contribution to women empowerment.
Advantages of the NGOs Programs in Poverty
Alleviation