4. • Pulmonary Edema
• The frothy liquid
oozing from the cut
surface of the lung
is caused by air
moving through
water in the
respiratory tract.
5. • This photograph of
a bronchus from a
lung with
pulmonary edema
shows overall
congestion (red),
plus frothy sputum
indicative of
pulmonary edema.
Usually, the frothy
fluid is pink or
blood-tinged,
because of rupture
of the capillaries in
the alveolar septae
from congestion
11. Congestion
• Sections of fresh
pulmonary parenchyma.
• Note deep red color with
preservation of underlying
architecture.
• Normal should be pinktan.
27. Thrombosis
• It is the formation of a blood clot attached
to the internal wall of blood vessels, heart
or lymphatics in living animals.
28. Effect of thrombosis:
• A- Beneficial effects: Thrombosis assisst in the
control of haemorrhage in cases like bleeding
gastric ulcers, tuberculous lesions in the lung,
and umblical vessel. Thrombosis of blood and
lymph vessels also help in preventing bacteria
from invading other portions of the body.
• B- Harmful effects: These effects depend upon
which vessel is thrombosed.
29. • 1- Thrombosis of a major vessels in areas where
collateral circulation is inadequate result in
ischaemia and infarction
• 2- Portions can break away and transported by the
blood flow as emboli and become lodged in smaller
arteries and capillaries causing infarction.
• 3- Injury to the wall of a thrombosed vessel in the
vicinity of a thrombus may reduce its strength so
that the increased blood pressure at the site of
obstruction leads to aneurysm.
30. Differentiation between Thrombus and
Postmortem clot
Thrombus
• Dry in consistency
• Has a granular and rough
surface.
• White or buff in colour
• Stratified in structure
• Attached to the vessel wall
• Vascular endothelium
below thrombus is damaged
Postmortem clot
• Moist in consistency
• Has a smooth and glistening
surface.
• Yellow or red in colour
• Uniform in structure
• Not attached to the vessel
wall
• Vascular endothelium is
undamaged and glisten
31. Differentiation between Thrombus and
Postmortem clot
Thrombus
• Composed primarily of
thrombocytes
• Formed in living animals
• May be partially organized
• Caused by endothelial
injury
Postmortem clot
• Composed primarily of
thrombocytes fibrin
• Formed after death
• Not organized
• Initiated by thromoplastin
33. Gross appearance
• Red thrombi; fibrin network entraped RBCs
and leucocytes
• White or pale thrombi;RBCs are few,opaque
,structure less and rubbery,chief components
are platelets,fibrin and leucocytes,slowly
formed
• Laminated thrombi;alternating red and white
layers,seen in aneurysm
34. Microscopic appearance
• Platelets are the chick andief constituents
• Thich and heavy fibrils of fibrin,leucocytes
and RBCs
• Ireggular lamination
• Area of attachment
• Several small channels in canalized
38. thrombus
• A coronary thrombosis
is seen microscopically
occluding the remaining
small lumen of this
coronary artery. Such an
acute coronary
thrombosis is often the
antecedent to acute
myocardial infarction
44. infarction
• It is the ischaemia and necrosis of a local area
due to obstruction in the arterial supply of the
area - Necrosis is coagulative in type, but the
affected tissue pass through the whole series
of degeneration.
45. Gross appearance
Anemic infarcts
• Bloodless pale area
• Surrounded by a zone of
hyperemia
Red infarcts
• Engorged with blood
• Swollen and firm area
46. infarction
• The interventricular
septum of the heart has
been sectioned to
reveal an extensive
acute myocardial
infarction. The dead
muscle is tanyellowwith a
surrounding hyperemic
border
47. Infarction
• This cross section through
the heart reveals a large
myocardial infarction
involving the anterior left
ventricular wall and
septum. The infarct is
beginning to heal, but still
has a necrotic center. The
ejection fraction from the
left ventricle would be
significantly reduced
