1. 1
Berbagai tips menulis
karya ilmiah
Berbagai tips menulis
karya ilmiah
Oleh: Syahyuti
Pelatihan Penulisan Karya Ilmiah
DKP Jakarta, 13 November 2009

2. 2
Checklist for Writing
Scientific Papers:
Sebelum mulai menulis:
• Make an Outline to construct the basic structure of the
paper.
• Decide who you are writing for & aim at that level.
• Form a "thesis statement" - a short (1-3 sentence)
statement of what you want the reader to understand as
the most important point in your paper. This statement
may end up appearing in the abstract or introduction.

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While writing & making global
revisions to the paper:
• Check organization of the paper. Make sure it is consistent with the
format requested.
• Make sure that the text in each paragraph agrees with the opening
sentence of the paragraph. Break the paragraphs by logical
divisions.
• Be careful of plagiarism
• Reference (endnote, footnote) any material, including apparatus
diagrams, which is not your own or is not "common knowledge." Use
a standard style for references
• All graphs, pictures, drawings, diagrams, sketches, etc. must be
called a "Figure."
All must be numbered.
• All Figures & Tables must be referred to, by number, in the text.
• All numeric values should have units and errors (if appropriate).
Check significant figures.
• Make sure your conclusions logically follow from the analysis and
discussion in the paper.
• Carefully read the whole paper!

4. 4
Proof reading of paper (at the
sentence/paragraph level):
• Carefully read the whole paper again!
• Check the spelling.
• Avoid the first person (We or I)
• If a sentence is longer than about 2-3 lines, make sure it
is not run-on or that you shouldn't rewrite it.
• Check tense of verbs and remain consistent: Past Tense
(was, were) Present Tense (is, are).
• Check noun/verb agreement (singular/plural)
• Check punctuation.
• Avoid unnecessary words ("due to the fact that" ->
"because“)
• Carefully read the whole paper still again!
• While you are at it, carefully read the whole paper
one more time!

5. 5
Langkah-langkah:
Do first things first !

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• organize your ideas
• figure out how to explain your ideas
• decide how to illustrate your ideas;
• choose the equations, figures, and tables you'll include
• decide how you're going to say what you're going to say;
• devise efective transitions between items you're discussing;
• check spelling; grammar; polish your prose; include references.
• Brainstorm your ideas.
• organize them into a logical sequence.
• write about your ideas in general terms, not worrying about
technicalities.
• look at what you've written to see if your ideas follow one another
logically. If they don't, rearrange them and try again.
• Then decide what figures, tables, equations, etc. you must
include to explain your ideas.
Tahap ide:

7. 7
Tahap menulis:
1. write a draft.
2. Revise it a couple of times.
3. get input from other readers.
4. Revise again.
5. Write the Body first. You can't write the
Conclusion before you write the Body.
6. Easier to write the Introduction once you know
what you're introducing.
7. Write the abstract and title last

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Kriteria (redaksi) dalam menilai paper
ilmiah:
• Smooth, tata bahasa benar, struktur kalimat,
penulisan kata (spell-checking) dan correct
punctuation (tanda baca)
• A clear thesis at the beginning of the paper.
Didukung argumen pokok di body tulisan, dan
diakhiri oleh kesimpulan yang kohesif (cohesive
conclusion)
• Menunjukkan bahwa penulisnya mengerti dan
paham menulis paper ilmiah.
• Ability to articulate that definition and its
subparts content, organization, first disclosure,
valid publication and appropriate language

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Point pokok untuk mencapai “good
writing” :
• TUJUAN. What is your intended goal? Jika anda
memiliki tujuan yang jelas sebelum menulis,
anda akan mencapai first-rate writing.
• Kenali audiens pembaca anda
• Good writing must also be engaging. Tulisan
baik jika dibaca orang. Jika tidak ada yang
membaca ia tidak baik.
• Keep your writing focused. Coba untuk menulis
secara direct dan to the point.

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Tips for Writing Well :
• Develop your vocabulary. Caranya adalah banyak membaca dan
menulis. ‘Practice makes perfect'.
• Make sure you listen to these critiques.
• Enjoying research
• Make sure that you write in a logical and organized fashion.
• Follow the rules of grammar and punctuation
• Try not to use long-winded sentences. Jangan bingungkan
pembaca.
• Focus your writing and get to the point.
• Don’t try to impress with long sentences and big words.
• Make sure your titles or headings accurately describe the content of
your writing.
• Writing well is about getting the facts right. Jika anda tidak mampu
menangkap fakta dengan baik, anda tidak bisa menulis bagus.
• Try to get the words right first and foremost. Do not place a word in
text just because it sounds good and you think it will impress
readers.

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Steps to Achieve Good Writing:
• make sure you know what you are writing for.
• organize an outline of your written piece.
• start writing.
• The first phase of writing involves writing
everything down. Don’t worry about spelling or
punctuation at this stage.
• Read it back, this is fine.
• The final stage is editing.
• It is a skill, like any other, that can come with
practice and effort.

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How to Improve Your Vocabulary and
Build Confidence?
• The more you read, the richer your vocabulary will become.
• Just knowing the definition of a word does not indicate you
understand it. You must also understand it in context.
• Knowing what a word means is connected to the background that
the word is used within.
• Words that are used in speaking or writing often require a greater
understanding than those used in listening and reading
• Examining similarities and differences in word meanings
• Learning new words frequently
• Keeping a written record of words, their meanings, and usage that
you have learnt.
• Look at word associations (antonyms, synonyms, roots, and signal
connections to other words
• Examine words that sound the same but are spelt differently and
have different meanings (homophones)
• Active learning.
• Contextual understandings (putting words into different sentences
and creating stories where the word is the main focus).

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Pemilihan kata-kata:
• Kata-kata yang dipakai menentukan nilai sebuah tulisan.
• Sebuah pikiran yang berharga, menjadi tidak berarti
karena kata-kata yang untuk menjelaskannya kurang
tepat.
• Meskipun kata-kata tersusun dalam kalimat, namun
kata-kata juga mempunyai tenaga.
• Kata-kata bisa ditampilkan secara sederhana, dalam arti
bahasa keseharian.
• Makna yang dikandung harus jelas, tidak membigungkan
pembaca.

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Powerful Words:
• Ada kata-kata yang “kuat” ada yang tidak. Jika digunakan dalam
kalimat, ia akan menghasilkan makna yang ”berbeda”
• Ia memberi energi komunikasi
• Ganti verb phrases dengan single verbs. ( ‘give instructions to’ ganti
dengan ‘instruct’)
• Powerful words lebih spesifik. Contoh: ‘I was glad’ ganti dengan ‘I
jumped with excitement’.
• Gunakan thesaurus atau KBBI
• Powerful words not only make your writing stand out, but they also
make you stand out.
• Will make sure what you say, or what you write,
• Will make you stand out from the crowd.
• Can be used and are extremely helpful in a variety of business
environments.
• Impressive when used in a social setting.
• Changing your words, make sure to impress.

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Penggunaan alinea :
• Dalam satu alinea hanya ada satu pikiran
utama.
• Pikiran utama tersebut tercermin di dalam
kalimat utama, kalimat-kalimat lain
hanyalah penjelas atau pengembangan.
• Posisi kalimat utama dapat diawal, tengah
atau di akhir alinea.

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Syarat-syarat garis besar
yang baik:
a. Tiap unit garis besar harus mengandung hanya satu
ide. Apabila dua ide dibiarkan dalam satu unit maka
hubungan strukturnya tidak akan tampak jelas. Bila
kedua ide tersebut berada dalam situasi yang setara,
maka masing-masingnya harus ditempatkan pada urutan
simbol yang sama derajatnya. Namun apabila berbeda
maka ide-ide tersebut haruslah ditempatkan dalam
simbol yang berbeda derajatnya.
b. Persoalan-persolan atau fakta-fakta yang dicatat
dibawah judul utama haruslah merupakan bawahan
langsung dan tidak boleh sama pentingnya dengan judul
utamanya.

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Strategies and Tactics:
• There is no trick to writing an efective
paper. The more you revise your paper,
the more efective your paper will be.
• Get constructive feedback from someone
else, someone who can be objective and
constructive, and someone whose
judgement you trust.

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Berbagai sumber informasi:
Dari yang paling populer menuju yang paling scientific, up to
date and reliable:
1. The World Wide Web.
2. Scientific textbooks.
3. Newspaper articles, articles on science subjects in popular
journals.
4. On-line journals (not refereed).
5. Popular science journals
6. Review articles in scientific journals
7. Grey literature (conference proceedings, research reports, annual
reports.
8. Abstracting journals.
9. Science citation index.
10.Higher degree theses.
11.Scientific papers in scientific journals (including refereed on-line
journals).

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Tabel dan Gambar

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Tujuan dan etika tabel:
Tujuan tabel:
1. The primary purpose of a table is archival. Ia menjadi permanent
record dari kerja keras anda di riset.
2. To make a point you can't make in a figure.
• Tiap tabel harus memiliki caption.
• Tiap tabel mesti disebut dalam teks, bukan dinarasikan di teks.
• Hati-hati, karena tabel sering kali dikutip orang. Jika salah, orang
akan keliru mengutip hasil riset anda
• Jangan lupa satuan, waktu, tempat, dan sumber
• Tabel harus self explanation

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Anatomi tabel

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Figures:
• Jenisnya: diagram, grafik, foto, peta, dll
• Lebih baik gunakan gambar daripada tabel atau ilustrasi, karena
lebih memberi kejelasan dan penekanan pada penjelasan
• Gunakan secara selktif. Tidak semua hasil riset dimasukkan
dalam gambar.
Empat aturan menggunakan gambar:
1. must identify unambiguously each element (points, lines, etc.) in
the figure. Judul gambar harus jelas menerangkan apa esensi
dari gambar tersebut .
2. tiap gambar dibicarakan dalam teks
3. beri label yang jelas, termasuk unit pengukuran
4. konsisten dengan data yang dibicarkan di teks, gunakan ukuran
dan simbol yang sama.

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Anatomi gambar

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Demikian,
Terima Kasih