Extended Version of a presentation held at the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences as guest speaker at the seminar "Digital Libraries", 15.05.2013

1. Die ZBW ist Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
Management of bibliographic metadata
Kirsten Jeude
15.05.2013
HAW
Metadata management at the Leibniz Information Centre for Economics
<mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Envy, guilt, and the
Phillips curve</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal" ><mods:namePart
type="family" >Ahrens</mods:namePart>
<mods:namePart type="given"
>Steffen</mods:namePart>
<mods:role><mods:roleTerm authority="marcrelator"
type="code" >aut</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
</mods:name>
011@$a2012
013@$0o3
016D$0cr
016H$0Elektronische Ressource
019@$aXA-DE
021A$aEnvy, guilt, and the Phillips curve$hby Steffen Ahrens and
Dennis J. Snower
028A$dSteffen$aAhrens$961036832X$8Ahrens, Steffen
028B/01$dDennis J.$aSnower$9366752960$8Snower, Dennis
J. *1950-*
033A$pKiel$nUniv., Dep. of Economics
034D$aOnline-Ressource (PDF-Datei: 34 S., 1,70 MB)
xxxxxnaa a22yyyyy c 4500
001 592906469
003 DE-601
005 20090728100724.0
008 090304s2008 000 0 eng d
016 7 $a7153508$2DE-600
040 $aGBVCP$bger$erakwb
041 0 $aeng
100 1 $aMerkl, Christian$0(DE-601)533312205$0(DE-
588)133059545
245 10$aEscaping the unemployment trap :$bthe case of
East Germany /$cChristian Merkl; Dennis J. Snower
300 $bgraph. Darst.
650 7$81.1x$aLangzeitarbeitslosigkeit$0(DE-
601)091374367$0(DE-STW)18124-6$2stw

2. Seite 2
Management of bibliographic metadata
1. Metadata management at the ZBW
2. Metadata und metadata standards
3. Mappings
4. Metadata for the Semantic Web
5. Duties and responsibilities of the
metadata management
6. Conclusion: Requirements for
metadata managers
Outline

3. Seite 3
• Support for the development and maintenance
of the information systems of the information
centre
• Coordination of data delivery
• Assistance on all aspects of metadata formats
and standards
„We speak the languages of the data“
Cross-sectional task
Metadata management at the ZBW

4. Seite 4
• Participation in cross-functional teams of the ZBW
• Participation in externally funded projects (e.g. funded by DFG)
• Close cooperation with the department „Innovative information-
systems & publication technologies“
• Participation in cooperations and (international) working groups
„We speak the languages of the data“
Metadata management at the ZBW

5. Seite 5
What is metadata?
A variety of definitions
• „… are (structured) data about data.“
Miller, Eric: An introduction to the resource description framework. In: D-Lib Magazine, (May) 1998; Foulonneau, Muriel; Riley Jenn
(2008): Metadata for Digital Resources; u.v.m.
• „Unter Metadaten ("Daten über Daten") versteht man strukturierte Daten, mit deren Hilfe eine
Informationsressource beschrieben und dadurch besser auffindbar gemacht wird.“
SUB Göttingen Metadata Server
• „… structured, encoded data that describe characteristics of information-bearing entities to
aid in their identification, discovery, assessment, and management of the described entities“
American Library Association´s Committee on Cataloguing
• „… is any type of formal description of a resource, regardless of format“
Mitchell, Nicole: Metadata Basics (The Southeastern Librarian, Fall 2006)
• „…is cataloging done by men“
Delsey, Tom, National Library of Canada
• „… is machine understandable information about web resources or other things.“
Berners-Lee, Tim: Design Issues. Architectural and philosophical points, 6. Januar 1997.
• „An item of metadata is a relationship that someone claims to exist between two entities.“
Foulonneau, Muriel; Riley Jenn (2008): Metadata for Digital Resources
• „I like to think of metadata as data which removes from a user (human or machine) the need
to have full advance knowledge of the existence or characteristics of things of potential
interest in the environment“
Lorcan Dempsey, zit. in: Foulonneau, Muriel; Riley Jenn (2008): Metadata for Digital Resources

6. Metadata “is machine understandable information about
web resources or other things.“ (Tim Berners-Lee)
Web-Resources:
6

7. Other Things:
7
Publications:
Objekts:
Pictures:
Recordings:
Persons:
Metadata “is machine understandable information about
web resources or other things.“(Tim Berners-Lee)

8. 8
Index card in card catalogue
Metadata – separated from the
object
Metadaten – contained in the object
Dataset in bibliographic database
Metadata „is any type of formal description of a resource,
regardless of format“ (Nicole Mitchell)
CIP (Cataloging in
Publication)
Header of an HTML-
page with Metadata
Microformat
(COinS) in HTML-
page

9. Metadata „are (structured) data about data“ (Eric Miller)
Metadata are „Data about Data“
Data - Book „Data about Data“
Metadata / Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin
Zeng, Marcia Lei *1956-*
Qin, Jian *1956-*
London : Facet, 2008
xvii, 365 p. : ill. ; 23cm
Includes bibliographical references and index
1-85604-655-9, 978-1-85604-655-8 (pbk)
Metadaten
STRUCTURED
Metadata-Schema
Title
Creator
Contributor
Published
Extent
Note
ISBN
Subject
9

10. Seite 10
Metadata „are (structured) data about data“ (Eric Miller)
Metadata standards
(machine-readable)
Designator of a property
(human-readable)
4000 Suchen mithilfe semantischer Metadaten (PICA3)
021A $a Suchen mithilfe semantischer Metadaten (PICA+)
331Suchen mithilfe semantischer Metadaten (MAB)
245 00 $a Suchen mithilfe semantischer Metadaten (MARC21)
<titleInfo><title>Suchen mithilfe semantischer Metadaten</title></titleInfo>
(MODS)
In principle and pragmatic

11. ID:
Title:
Creator:
Contributor:
Published:
Extent:
Note:
ISBN:
Subject:
Classification:
11
Zeng, Marcia LeiCreator:
Metadata element
Metadata Set
following rules (e.g. family name comma blank given name)
Element value
571230652
Metadata / Marcia Lei Zeng and Jian Qin
Zeng, Marcia Lei *1956-*
Qin, Jian *1956-*
London : Facet, c2008
xvii, 365 p. : ill. ; 23cm
Includes bibliographical references and index
1-85604-655-9, 978-1-85604-655-8 (pbk) : £39.95
*Metadaten / *Metadata
Dewey-Dezimalklassifikation: 025.3
Metadata „are (structured) data about data“

12. Metadata is „[…] to aid in their identification, discovery,
assessment, and management of the described entities“
Tasks of metadata (FRBR User Tasks)
12
1. to FIND entities that correspond to the user’s stated search criteria: to
locate either a single entity or a set of entities in a file or database as the
result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity
2. to IDENTIFY an entity: to confirm that the entity described corresponds
to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with
similar characteristics
3. to SELECT an entity that is appropriate to the user’s needs: to
choose an entity that meets the user’s requirements with respect to
content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate
to the user’s needs
4. to OBTAIN access to the entity described: to acquire an entity through
purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an
online connection to a remote computer
FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

13. Metadata is „[…] to aid in their identification, discovery,
assessment, and management of the described entities“
TYPES of metadata
13
Descriptive metadata: Describe a resource for the purpose of discovery,
identification, selection and access
Structural metadata: Describe the internal organization of a resource. Describe how
interconnected objects are relate to each other, e.g. how pages must be
arranged that a chapter is created.
Administrative metadata: „meta-metadata“; Information which helps to manage a
resource:
Technical metadata: Contain information on the format and file type
Metadata for Rights Management: Contain information that is used for access
authorization and information on intellectual property
Provenance metadata: Metadata about the origin of resource: to establish trust
and for preserving the usability

14. 14
PPN
Title
Creator Contributor
Extent
ISBN
Subject
Fussnoten
Related Resource
URL
Title:
Metadata
schema of a
certain
application, e.g.
Repository
Title:
Creator:
Contributor:
Organisation:
Published:
Extent:
Note:
ISBN:
Subject:
URL:
Metadata standard of a „Community“ / Domain,
e.g. PICA, Dublin Core, DDI etc.
DOI
Mode
Epoch
Format
Pixel
Organisation
Provence
URN
Compression
Handle
Actor
Metadata standard VS. Metadata schema
Creator:
Contributor:
URL:
Published:
Extent:
Metadata
elements of
a real
information
object

15. 15
Metadata standards and schemas define the allowed elements, their meaning
(semantics) and their form (syntax):
• Definition of the content of an element, sometimes with additional comments,
which helps to separate one element from the other within a schema or standards
• Syntax encoding scheme: rules about the syntax of the content values; e.g. a
date has to be entered in the form YYYY-MM-TT
• Syntax encoding schemes include norms and standards (e.g. ISO 8601, W3C-
DTF, …), URIs (URL, URN, DOI, …) and other identifiers (e.g. ISBN, ISSN, …)
• Vocabulary encoding scheme: rules about the allowed content values, e.g.
which controlled vocabulary has to be used
• Vocabulary encoding schemes include classifications (e.g. DDC, UDC, BK,
JEL,..), thesauri (e.g. STW, TGN, MeSH, AGROVOC, …), authority files (e.g.
GND, LCSH, Rameau, VIAF) and other controlled vocabulary (e.g. DCMI Type)
• Information about the repeatability and obligation of an element and how
elements are related to each other within the standard
Metadata standards and schemas

16. 16
Dublin Core
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI)
Developed for the description of web
resources
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
15 core elements: Title, Creator,
Subject, Description, Publisher,
Contributor, Date, Type, Format,
Identifier, Source, Language, Relation,
Coverage, and Rights
all optional and repeatable
Dublin Core Metadata Terms
55 elements
Element refinements and encoding
schemes = „Qualifier“
Title ”Metadata Demystified”
Creator ”Brand, Amy”
Creator ”Daly, Frank”
Creator ”Meyers, Barbara”
Subject ”metadata”
Description ”Presents an overview of
metadata conventions in publishing.”
Publisher ”NISO Press”
Publisher ”The Sheridan Press”
Date ”2003-07"
Type ”Text”
Format ”application/pdf”
Identifier ”http://www.niso.org/standards
/resources/Metadata_Demystified.pdf”
Language ”en”

17. 17
Project of Integrated Catalogue Automation - PICA
• for bibliographic datasets in library
catalogues
• ca. 1300 information units:
elements with subelements
• Used by GBV, SWD, HEBIS, DNB,
…
PICA+:
internal format of the Database
021A $aEscaping the unemployment
trap$dthe case of East Germany
$hChristian Merkl; Dennis J. Snower
PICA3:
View for cataloguing
4000 Escaping the unemployment trap
: the case of East Germany /
Christian Merkl; Dennis J. Snower
001@ $026$aU
001A $00206:04-03-09
001B $00206:10-03-09$t10:42:23.000
001D $00206:04-03-09
001U $0utf8
001X $00
002@ $0Asu
003@ $0592906469
010@ $aeng
011@ $a2008
021A $aEscaping the unemployment trap$dthe case of
East Germany$hChristian Merkl; Dennis J. Snower
027D/00 $aJournal of comparative
economics$pAmsterdam$nElsevier$00147-5967$z7153508
028A $dChristian$aMerkl$9533312205$8Christian@Merkl ;
PND-ID: 133059545
028B/01 $dDennis J.$aSnower$9366752960$8Dennis
J.@Snower ; PND-ID: 124825109
031A $d36$j2008$e4$c12$h542-556
034M $agraph. Darst.
039B $cIn$9130445541$8Journal of comparative
economics. - Amsterdam : Elsevier$x200800000360004458
039B $cIn$7!562253327!
045D/00 $9091374367$8Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit
045D/00 $9091347742$8Arbeitsproduktivität
045D/00 $9091384966$8Qualifikation
045D/49 $b49
101B $004-03-09$t09:15:56.000

18. 18
Machine-Readable Cataloging - MARC21
• International exchange- and
storage format
• for bibliographic datasets in
library catalogues
• > 1000 elements with
subelements and indicators
xxxxxnaa a22yyyyy c 4500
001 592906469
003 DE-601
005 20090728100724.0
008 090304s2008 000 0 eng d
016 7 $a7153508$2DE-600
040 $aGBVCP$bger$erakwb
041 0 $aeng
100 1 $aMerkl, Christian$0(DE-601)533312205$0(DE-
588)133059545
245 10$aEscaping the unemployment trap :$bthe case of
East Germany /$cChristian Merkl; Dennis J. Snower
300 $bgraph. Darst.
650 7$81.1x$aLangzeitarbeitslosigkeit$0(DE-
601)091374367$0(DE-STW)18124-6$2stw
650 7$81.2x$aArbeitsproduktivität$0(DE-
601)091347742$0(DE-STW)10440-1$2stw
[…]
700 1 $aSnower, Dennis J.$eAuthor$4aut$0(DE-
601)366752960$0(DE-588)124825109
773 08$iIn: $tJournal of comparative
economics$dAmsterdam : Elsevier$gVol. 36, No. 4 (2008),
p. 542-556$q36:4<542-556$w(DE-601)130445541$x0147-5967
773 08$iIn:
900 $aGBV$bZBW Kiel <206>
952 $d36$j2008$e4$c12$h542-556
954 $a26$b923675930$c01$x0206

19. Metadata standards using XML
Seite 19
• MODS: Metadata Object and Description Schema
• Developed as a compromise between the complex MARC21 and the simple
Dublin Core
• for electronic resources
• expressed in XML

20. Metadata formats
bibliographisch / deskriptiv
„Metadata standard“ is not the same as „Metadata format“
Dublin Core metadata standard
• as .txt file
• as .html- or .xhtml file
• as .xml file
• as .rdf statements
In principle:
• Metadata standards developed as text-based
standard with subsequently further representations
• primary XML-standards like MODS
• proprietary formats, e.g. .mrc for MARC21
 metadata format, e.g. DC-DS-XML
Seite 20

21. Seeing Standards: A Visualization of the Metadata
Universe (Jenn Riley)
Seite 21
http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/seeingstandards.pdf

22. 22
DOCUMENTATION of a Metadata standard
• „Uses and Features“
• „Usage Guidelines“
• „Implementation Guidelines“
• „Schemas and Outline“
• „Data Dictionary“
• “Specification”
• Encoding Guidelines
• Code Lists
• Example Datasets
• Tutorials
• Mailinglists and Forums
• Domain and Applications
• Rules and Frameworks
• Listing and Definition of the
elements
• Encoding Rules
• Encoding Lists
• Examples
• Instructions manual
• Excercises
Meet the metadata standards
100 1 $aMerkl,
Christian$0(DE-
601)533312205$0
(DE-
588)133059545

23. Metadata standards
Standards?
"The nice thing about standards is that you have so many to
choose from. Furthermore, if you do not like any of them, you
can just wait for next year's model."
Source: Andrew Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, 2nd edn., p. 254
A metadata standard
• ensures consistency of the metadata
• improves usage of metadata
• allowes exchange of metadata
 Semantic interoperability between applications, which uses the
same standard
Seite 23

24. What means „Interoperability“?
Interoperability is the ability of different systems (and content) to
communicate and exchange information as efficiently as possible
 Exchange of metadata between systems with little effort and a
minimum of loss of information
Problem:
Exchange or integration of metadata sets, which are presented in
different standards
 Establish interoperabilität by Mapping
24

25. Seite 25
What is „Mapping“?
Task: Integration of heterogenous metadata in one system: EconBiz
Standard: Dublin Core
(XML)
Standard: PICA 3
Title=4000
Title=<title>
• Metadata from various sources,
stored in various standards
• homogenous search with the help
of search engine technologies
• Results to be refined by filters

26. What is „Mapping“?
26
• „Translation“ of the elements and rules from one standard or schema to
another
• Metadata "mapping" refers to a formal identification of equivalent or nearly
equivalent metadata elements or groups of metadata elements from different
metadata schemas, carried out in order to facilitate semantic interoperability
(Getty Glossary)
• Crosswalk: List of elements, which relates the appropriate constituents of two
different metadata standards or schemas to one another, including rules
Element DB2 - MAB DB1 - PICA Notes
Designator Syntax Designator Syntax Rules for Transformation
Creator 100
Family_name,
Given_name 3000
Given_name@Family_
name
Write value in front of commercial at in target
schema separated by comma space behind value,
which is behind commercial at […]
[…]

27. 27
Crosswalk

28. Crosswalk
A crosswalk ist "a mapping of the elements,
semantics, and syntax from one metadata scheme
to those of another„
(http://www.niso.org/publications/press/Understandin
gMetadata.pdf ).
Crosswalks are lateral mappings: They are one-way
streets from one schema to another.
Seite 28

29. 29
Typical problems:
• Mapping between two standards with different scope: missing elements in
target schema / more than one element in target schema
• Different features: Obligation: mandatory elements vs. optional elements.
Repeatability: element may be repeatable or not.
• Different syntax encoding:. (e.g. A: „Given name“, „Family name“ and B:
„Name“ (family name, given name) and C: „Name“ (given name@family name)
• Different vocabulary encoding: If different vocabularies are used, the values
have to be „translated“ too.
What is „Mapping“?
Source Target

30. 30
Mapping for the integration of heterogenous metadata
Summary
• Prerequisite for a correct mapping is the clear and precise definition of the
elements in the respective standards.
• The mapping should allow the creation of transformation rules, which allows
to transform metadata from one schema completely into the other schema.
• Conversion of the metadata sets using programmed scripts
• Mapping is the first step for the integration
of heterogenous metadata in one system
• Mapping is an iterative process
Iterative
Process
Data
analysis
Mapping
Conver-
sion
Controll-
ing
datasets

31. Metadata for the Semantic Web
Problems of search engines today
1. Improper search results  Query is ambiguous (Homonymy/Polysemy)
2. Missing search results  Synonyms are not taken into account, e.g.
search for „Futorology“, will not find „Zukunftsfor-
schung“ or „future studies“
Reason  Lack of explicit semantics
Solution  Semantic Web: Information is linked on the level of semantics
Seite 31

32. Metadata for the Semantic Web
Seite 32
RDF
+ Language to model the relationships
(e.g. SKOS, OWL)
+ URIs
________________________________
Web of Data
Requirements:
• machine-interpretability of the information
 RDF (Resource Description Framework)
• Unambiguousness of the used concepts (a person, an organisation, a theme)
 URIs (Uniform Resource Identifiers)
 in libraries: usage of authority data
Vocabulary
for the relationships:
(library) metadata standards,
e.g. RDA, DC
has Author
dc:creator
URI URI

33. Linked Data in Libraries
What?
Provision and use of controlled vocabularies and ontologies in RDF, e.g. Standard
Thesaurus Economics: http://zbw.eu/beta/econ-ws/about ; GND der DNB:
http://www.dnb.de/DE/Service/DigitaleDienste/LinkedData/linkeddata_node.html
Provision and use of bibliographic data in RDF, e.g. hbz: http://lobid.org/about ; B3Kat (BSB,
KOBV): http://lod.b3kat.de/doc
Provision of Tools, e.g. Culturegraph: Platform for services and projects about data networking,
Persistent Identifier and Linked Open Data: http://www.culturegraph.org/
Why?
• Maximize web visibility
• Makes it easier to find our library data / optimize search options
• Ensure reusability: in particular by non library domains
• Enrich bibliographic references by interlinking with other information
Seite 33

34. Duties and responsibilities of the metadata management
Metadata standards and Mapping
• Expertise regarding metadata standards and frameworks
• Development of crosswalks
• Development and enhancement of metadata schemas
New Systems:
• Selection of appropriate metadata standards according to the
requirements of the system, if necessary. Combination of
several standards
• Development of an interoperable metadata schema
• Development of Application Profiles (Documentation)
Existing systems:
• Continuous adaption to changing requirements
Seite 34

35. Duties and responsibilities of the metadata management
Coordination of data delivieries
• Provision / analysis
of test data and
documentation
• Documentation of
incoming and
outgoing deliveries
• Contact for all
questions
regarding
metadata format,
cataloging and
provision / delivery

36. Duties and responsibilities of the metadata management
Quality management and communication
• Participation in system development: Functions
that rely on metadata, such as "More like this",
exports to reference management software, …
• Quality management: Developing of statistics and
data analysis
• Communication between library and IT
Seite 36
I
LOVE
META
DATA
l
Verweisung vom zweiten Bestandteil des
zusammengesetzten Namens
(§ 319)
Ist nach den Regeln ein zusammengesetzter Name in
der Ordnungsgruppe des Familiennamens anzusetzen,
so wird vom zweiten und von allen weiteren
Hauptbestandteilen des zusammengesetzten Namens
verwiesen.
Die bei der Verweisung übergangenen Teile des
zusammengesetzten Namens werden an das Ende der
Ordnungsgruppe der Vornamen gestellt (319,1).
l
RAK

37. Seite 37
Conclusion: Requirements for metadata managers
Metadata
standards
Guidelines and
Frameworks
Vocabularies
and norms
Authority data
RAK-WB

38. Seite 38
• analytical thinking
• Having fun to constantly deal with
new challenges (standards,
technologies)
• and to keep on learning
Methods
Best Practices
Markup
languages
Technologies
Metadata management  Highly specialized field in librarianship
Conclusion: Requirements for metadata managers

39. Management of bibliographic metadata
k.jeude@zbw.eu
„Metadata is a love note to the future”, Cea.,
https://secure.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/8071729256/in/photostream/ Seite 39
Thanks for your
attention!
Questions?

40. Seite 40
Bibliographical References
Seite 40
Berners-Lee, Tim: Design Issues. Architectural and philosophical points, 6. Januar 1997
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/
Brand, A., Daly, F., Meyers, B., & National Information Standards Organization (U.S.)(2003):Metadata
demystified: A guide for publishers. Bethesda, Md: NISO Press.
(www.niso.org/standards/resources/Metadata_Demystified.pdf )
Caplan, Priscilla: Metadata Fundamentals for All Librarians. Chicago, 2003, ALA Editions
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: DCMI Glossary. http://dublincore.org/documents/usageguide/glossary.shtml
Foulonneau, Muriel; Riley, Jenn (2008): Metadata for digital resources: implementation, systems design and
interoperability. Oxford: Chandos.
Greenberg, J. (2008): Dublin Core History and Basics. Tutorial ASIST DC 2008 http://dc2008.de/wp-
content/uploads/2008/09/tutorial-1.pdf
Harper, Corey (2010): Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: Beyond the Element Set – NISO Information
Standards Quarterly, v.22, no. 1, Winter 2010. http://www.niso.org/publications/isq/2010/v22no1
Hillman, D. I., & Westbrooks, E. L. (2004). Metadata in Practice. Chicago: ALA Editions.
In Baca, M., & Getty Research Institute. (2008). Introduction to metadata. Los Angeles (Calif.: Getty Research
Institute.
Miller, Eric (1998): An introduction to the resource description framework. In: D-Lib Magazine, Volume 4 Issue
5, May 1998. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/may98/miller/05miller.html
Mitchell, Nicole: Metadata Basics (2066): In: The Southeastern Librarian, Vol. 54: Iss. 3, Article 6 .
http://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/seln/vol54/iss3/6/

41. Bibliographical References
National Information Standards Organization (U.S.). (2004): Understanding metadata. Bethesda, MD: NISO
Press. (http://www.niso.org/publications/press/UnderstandingMetadata.pdf )
Pohl, Adrian (2011): Linked Data und die Bibliothekswelt. Hochschulbibliothekszentrum des Landes
Nordrhein-Westfalen). http://www.hbz-nrw.de/dokumentencenter/produkte/lod/aktuell/pohl_2011_linked-
data_ODOK.pdf
Riley, Jenn (2008-2010): Seeing Standards: A Visualization of the Metadata Universe.
http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap
Söllner, Konstanze (2008):„Academic Librarian of the Future“-Woher kommen die Spezialisten für die neuen
Aufgaben in den Bibliotheken?. 102. Deutscher Bibliothekartag <Leipzig, 2013> http://nbn-
resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0290-opus-14644
St. Pierre, Margaret; LaPlant, William P. (1998): Issues in Crosswalking Content Metadata Standards.(NISO
White Papers). Bethesda, MD: NISO. http://www.niso.org/publications/white_papers/crosswalk/
Weibel, S. et.al. (2002): Metadata Principles and Practicalities. In: D-Lib-Magazin, Vol. 8, No. 4, April 2002
Zeng, M.L.; Chang, L.M. (2006): Metadata Interoperability and Standardization – A Study of Methodology Part
I: Achieving Interoperability at the Schema Level. In: D-Lib-Magazin, Vol. 12, No. 6, June 2006.
http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june06/chan/06chan.html
Zeng, M.L.; Chang, L.M. (2006): Metadata Interoperability and Standardization – A Study of Methodology Part
II: Achieving Interoperability at the Record and Repository Levels. In: D-Lib-Magazin, Vol. 12, No. 6, June
2006. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june06/zeng/06zeng.html
Zeng, Marcia Lei, Jian Qin (2008): Metadata. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers.
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42. Web Resources
K.I.M. Kompetenzzentrum Interoperable Metadaten: http://www.kim-forum.org/
Blogs
Metadata Matters: Bloggerin: Diane Hillmann: http://managemetadata.com/blog/
Coyle's InFormation: Bloggerin: Karen Coyle: http://kcoyle.blogspot.de/
Managing Metadata: Bloggerin: Laura Smart: http://library.caltech.edu/laura/
Metadata Discussion Group (Indiana University Libraries):
https://blogs.libraries.iub.edu/metadata/
Journals
Journal of library metadata. 2008. New York, NY: Haworth Press.
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~db=all~content=t792306902 .
D-Lib-Magazin (frei): http://www.dlib.org/
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43. Web Resources
Qualification
K.I.M. Kompetenzzentrum Interoperable Metadaten: http://www.kim-forum.org/
Hyperlinked Library MOOC: http://slisweb.sjsu.edu/about-slis/news/detail/free-
online-course-extends-learning-individuals-across-globe
OpenHPI: (Hasso-Plattner-Institut für Informatik) https://openhpi.de/
Tools
Dublin Core Tools for creation / development: http://www.dublincore.org/tools/
Marc-Tools, like MarcEdit: http://www.loc.gov/marc/marctools.html
Notepad++: Free Text-Editor for huge files. Search and Replace with regular
Expressions possible
Firefox-AddOns: Dublin Core Viewer, Operator (Microformat detection)
Chrome-AddOn: Schema Explorer (Microdata), OpenLink Data Explorer
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44. Metadata standards
• Dublin Core: www.dublincore.org
• Pica3/Pica+: (Katalogisierungsrichtlinie des Gemeinsamen Bibliotheksverbunds):
http://www.gbv.de/vgm/info/mitglieder/02Verbund/01Erschliessung/02Richtlinien/01
KatRicht/inhalt.shtml
• MARC21: http://www.loc.gov/marc/
• MODS: http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/
• METS: http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
• Library of Congress Standards: http://www.loc.gov/standards/
• ONIX: http://www.editeur.org/83/Overview/
• TEI: http://www.tei-c.org/index.xml
• DDI: http://www.ddialliance.org/
• BibTeX: http://www.bibtex.org/
• RIS: http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_intro.asp
• COinS (KEV): http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html
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