Photovoltaic Training Course - Module 2.7 - Commissioning tests
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Photovoltaic Training Course - Module 2.7 - Commissioning tests
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Photovoltaic Training Course - Module 2.7 - Commissioning tests
- 1. Photovoltaic Systems Training Execution and Commissioning COMMISSIONING TESTS www.leonardo-energy.org
- 2. Commissioning Project design Plans Engineering Technical datasheets Equipment manuals Suntracker manual Execution Project modification Done inspections Element identification Operation & Maintenance Preventive maintenance plan Corrective maintenance plan Monitoring system manual Commissioning checklist Plant production check Generator production checking Inverter production checking Technical documentation Project commissioning www.leonardo-energy.org
- 3. Plant production checking Test plant productive capacity (approx. every three years) For larger plants, test annually Instantaneous measurements of plant performance relative to: • Cell temperature • Irradiance Evaluate: • Power, in AC at plant output (meter) • Global and direct irradiance on calibrated cell • Cell temperature (thermal sensor on calibrated cell) www.leonardo-energy.org
- 4. Plant production checking Outdoor temperature (Optional) Irradiance Source: Geonica AC Power (at the meter output) To capture indicated variables: • A meteorological station gathering temperature and irradiance data • A meter (with integrated communications) providing data on power output TEMP. PANEL FV www.leonardo-energy.org
- 5. Plant production checking For sun trackers: Verify equipment performance every hour by measuring the shadow projected by a rod perpendicular to the plane of the generator Minimum measurement period: 5 consecutive days, dawn - dusk Conditions: Minimum period of irradiance over 600W/m2 must be at least 12 hours Periodicity of measurement of power output, irradiance and temperature: 10 mins Compare ‘power output-irradiance-temperature’ measurements to forecasts and analyze deviations. www.leonardo-energy.org
- 6. I V Obtain the capitance-voltage (C-V) curve of the generator and compare it to a standard module under the standard metering conditions (above) Test two hours before and after local midday, at times when the global irradiance is over 700W/m2 Equipment is available to measure the C-V curve of a PV generator and to calculate its performance in standard metering conditions Testing of electrical characteristics www.leonardo-energy.org To determine electrical characteristics under “Standard metering conditions”, defined by: • Irradiance: G = 1000 W/m2 • Cell temperature: CT=25ºC. Objective:
- 7. Objective: The ‘European efficiency’ of the inverter, is verified using the measures on the previous slides, in relation to the power output and voltage on the DC side. (“European Efficiency’ is now referenced on almost every inverter datasheet. It is based on the average operating efficiency of each inverter type over a period of a year at the EU Commission’s Joint Research Centre at Ispra in Italy.) The inverter’s capacity to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) must also be verified. Source: SMA /www.leonardo-energy.org To measure two characteristics that define the energy performance of an inverter: • Efficiency • Maximum Power Point Tracking Testing inverter’s electrical characteristics
Editor's Notes
- In the first chapter we studied the project design. Where the plans, the engineering, the technical data sheets and the equipment manuals are considered. And in the case of sun tracking facilities, we should take into account the the sun tracker manual. In this chapter we have looked at project execution and commissioning, where the bulk of the modifications to the original project plan are made.
- Here is a diagram of the tasks to be undertaken at the different stages of the project. The first step in the commissioning process is the creation of a commissioning checklist. Total plant production against forecasts, as well as the production of individual modules and the production of the inverter are each extremely important.
- The main aim of the plant production check is to maximise the productive capacity of the solar plant and this should be repeated every two years depending on the size of our facility it might be done more frequently. We can check the plant production performance by the instant response to the solar temperature and the radiance. Like doing this we will evaluate the power of the plant output using the measures we can get from the meter and then we have to evaluate it with the global and direct irradiance in an calibrated cell. Finally we have to have the cell temperature. It i s important to have a calibrated cell of the same technology type as we are using in our panels to have a good measure.
- In this slide you can see the main elements in the plant production check. Her e you have in the image on the left a meterological station to get the temperature and the irradiance. Then From a meter installed to that measures the energy injected into the grid we get the =power. Then we can check that the plant is producing power in a range that is within the best ranges. We can then optimise the inverters or maybe check the different rows of panels to improve this performance. It might help if the meter has a communication port so we can monitor the energy that is being produced from a control area.
- In this slide we can find the conditions under which the test for plant production checking should be done. We should meausre in at least five consecutive days from dawn to dusk. in this time we should get at least 12 hours with a minimal period of irradiance over 600 w per sq m. the periodicity of this measure should be every 10 minutes. Once we have all these measures we should compare thm to the expected measuresd from the solar radiation maps in webinar 1 or from the data from the meterological station that measures temperature and irrandiance in the plant where it is set.
- Then we need to test the PV generators electrical characteristics in order to determine the electrical characteristics under the standard metering conditions defined by irradiance, 1000w per m2 in standard metering conditions and the cell temperature of 25 C for standard conditions. WE can obtain the curve from the generator and from a standard model. We should compare both of these under the conditions that have been mentioned above. Nowadays there is a lot of equipment that can help us to obtain this curve and to move it into standard conditions. This test has to be done 2 hours before and after local midday and the global irradiance has to be over 700w per m2.
- Finally, we should also test the electrical characteristics of the inverter. This is the 2nd most imp element in our PV facility and the objective of the tests should be to determine the characteristics that define the performance of the inverter. The most important characteristics of an inverter are its efficiency and its maximum power point tracking. There are two measures of the efficiency of an inverter. There is the efficiency defined by the inverter manufacturer, but also the inverter’s ‘European efficiency’, which is dependent on the inverter’s load on the DC side. It is very important to verify that our inverter is working at its maximum power point as this sets the maximum production from the modules in the PV facility.