Thermal storage for CSP plants:
* concept
* functions of the thermal energy storage system (tes)
* classification of tes systems
* state of the art
* future developments
Hybridisation of CSP plants:
* concept
* solar – gas hybrid csp plants
* hybridisation with biomass
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Concentrated Solar Power Course - Session 4 - Thermal Storage and Hybridization
1. Concentrated Solar Thermal PowerTechnnology TrainingSession 4 – THERMAL STORAGE AND HYBRIDIZATION By Manuel A. Silva Pérezsilva@esi.us.es April 27, 2010 http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-5-lessons
2. ThermalStorageandHybridization Manuel A. Silva Pérez Group of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy ETSI – University of Seville http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
10. CSP Markets Distributed generation Capacity: 3 kW to 10 MW Close to consumer Reduces transmission losses Reduces investment in transmission infrastructure Stand-alone applications Modularity, avaliablity, reliability http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
11. ThermalstorageandHybrization CSP unique features within the RE technologies: Thermal energy storage. Thermal energy produced by the solar field can be stored, thus decoupling power generation from solar resource. Hybridization. Ability to hybridize with an alternative energy source –fossil or renewable fuel. Thermal energy storage and/or hybridization provide the basis for CSP to be: Dispatchable Stable Reliable http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
12. Why Energy Storage? Increase operational stability Reduce intermittence. Increase plant utilization and capacity factor Provides “peak-shaving” ability (time-shifted operation) Reduce generation cost (as long as storage is cheaper than increasing rated power!) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
13. Profile of the electricity demand http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
15. Solar + Thermal Storage http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
16. Thermal energy storage A fraction of the thermal energy produced at the solar field is stored, increasing the internal energy of the storage medium. Sensible heat Latent heat (Thermochemical) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
17. Types of thermal storage By utilization Short term Provide operational stability Medium term Increase capacity factor Shift electrical generation hours By type Direct (same substance as working fluid, does not require HX) Indirect (different substance, requires HX) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
18. Technical Requirements for TES materials High energy density (per-unit mass or per-unit volume) Good heat conductivity Good heat transfer between heat transfer fluid (HTF) and the storage medium Mechanical and chemical stability Chemical compatibility between HTF, heat exchanger and/or storage medium Reversibility for a large number of charging/discharging cycles Low thermal losses Easy to control http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
19. Thermal storage options Source: Survey of thermal storage for parabolic trough power plants, Pilkington Solar Int. (2000) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
20. Thermal storage past experiences Source: Survey of thermal storage for parabolic trough power plants, Pilkington Solar Int. (2000)
21. TES – STP commercial installations Short term: pressurized water PS10 and PS20 Mid term: Molten salt, 2 tank Direct (CRS) – Gema Solar (Solar Tres) Indirect (PT) – Andasol I http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
35. Andasol storage -Technical characteristics Type: 2-Tank Molten Salt Storage Fluid: Nitrate salt mixture (60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3) Melting Point: 223°C Storage Capacity: 1,010 MWh (~7.5 hrs full load operation) Storage Tank Size: 14 m height 37 m diameter Salt Mass: 27,500 tons Flow Rate: 953 kg/s Cold Tank Temperature: 292° C Hot Tank Temperature: 386°C http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
39. TES costsandbenefits Improves plant controlability and operability, expanding de range of possible operating strategies Facilitates Dispatchability If adequately designed, can improve The efficiency of the plant The profitability of the project Extends lifetime of equipment (reduces the number of strat-stop cycles) Increases investment Oversized solar field Tanks, HX, molten salt management equipment, heat tracing, safety Increases O&M costs http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
48. Can be used to maintain temperature of HTF or storage mediumhttp://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
51. ANDASOL-TYPE PLANTS (THERMAL STORAGE AND AUXILIARY BOILER) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
52. ISCCS 3 projects in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Egypt) http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization
53. HybridizationCostsandbenefits Improves controlability and operability Faciltates dispatchability Improves plant overall efficiency Improves capacity factor Improves profitability of the plant Extends equipment lifetime Increases investment and O&M costs CO2 emmissions http://www.leonardo-energy.org/csp-training-course-lesson-4-thermal-storage-and-hybridization