A Small Presentation which gives the basic information and an idea of networking.

1. NETWORKING BASICS LOKESH KUMAR N

12. COAXIAL CABLE CONNECTOR

19. UTP TYPES UTP CAT 1/2/3/4/5/6 Cat 1 Data Rate upto 1 Mbps – Telephone Line Cat 2 Date Rage upto 4 Mbps – Token Ring Cat 3 Data Rate upto 10 Mbps – Token Ring & 10 Base – T Cat 4 Data Rate upto 16 Mbps – Token Ring Cat 5 Date Rate up to 100 Mbps Ethernet – 16 for Token Ring Cat 5e Data Rage upto 1000 Mbps Ethernet Cat 6 Data Rate upto 1000 Mbps Ethernet

22. STRAIGHT THROUGH CABLE Pin Number Wire color Wire Becomes Pin number Wire color Pin 1 Orange / White Pin 2 Orange Pin 3 Green / White Pin 4 Blue Pin 5 Blue/White Pin 6 Green Pin 7 Brown/White Pin 8 Brown 1 1 2 2 3 3 6 6 Pin 1 Orange / White Pin 2 Orange Pin 3 Green / White Pin 4 Blue Pin 5 Blue/White Pin 6 Green Pin 7 Brown/White Pin 8 Brown

24. CROSS OVER CABLE Pin Number Wire color Wire Becomes Pin number Wire color Pin 1 Orange/White Pin 2 Orange Pin 3 Green / White Pin 4 Blue Pin 5 Blue/White Pin 6 Green Pin 7 Brown/White Pin 8 Brown 1 3 2 6 3 1 6 2 Pin 1 Green/White Pin 2 Green Pin 3 Orange/White Pin 4 Blue Pin 5 Blue/White Pin 6 Orange Pin 7 Brown/White Pin 8 Brown

25. STRAIGHT THROUGH / X- OVER CABLE The Transmit and Receive pins are shown above

27. WHERE TO USE STRAIGHT THROUGH AND CROSS OVER CABLE Similar Devices Cross Over Cable Dissimilar Devices Straight through Cable Hub / Switch PC PC PC

31. INTRANET

32. INTERNET

36. OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECT

37. DATA COMMUNICATION WITH OSI How data travels through the layers of the OSI model Peer Communication Information flow Network Medium

42. BREAKING DATA IN TO SEGMENTS Data

46. OSI Data Flow in OSI HUB Switch Router Gateway

47. OSI

48. OSI OSI Layers TCP/IP Layers

51. IP ADDRESSING

53. IP ADDRESSING Private IP Address Range Class Network Address A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 Class First Bits First Byte Values Network ID Bits Host ID Bits Number of Networks Number of Hosts A B C 0 10 110 1 - 126 128 -191 192 - 223 8 16 24 24 16 8 126 16,384 2,097,152 16,77,214 65,534 254

73. MAC ADDRESS

76. Difference between Request timed out and Destination Host Unreachable IP : 192.168.1.53 Mask : 255.255.255.0 D.G : 192.168.1.1 IP : 192.168.0.8 Mask : 255.255.255.0 D.G : 192.168.0.1 IP : 192.168.2.56 Mask : 255.255.255.0 IP : 192.168.1.36 Mask : 255.255.255.0 Hub/Switch Hub/Switch

77. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DESTINATION HOST UNREACHABLE AND DESTINATION HOST NET UNREACHABLE Cable/DSL Modem WAN Side LAN Side Note: Since the Router is not able to pass the WAN interface it is giving the reply from LAN interface IP : 192.168.2.168 Mask : 255.255.255.0 IP : 192.168.1.192 Mask : 255.255.255.0 Hub/Switch Router Internet

83. SOCKET ERROR