1. Introduction to DBMS
PRSENTED BY :- MRS. SURKHAB SHELLY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN COMP. SCI.

2. Database
 Database is a collection of inter-related data which helps in
efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from database
and organizes the data in the form of tables, views, schemas,
reports etc.
 Database Management System (DBMS) is a software for
storing and retrieving users' data while considering
appropriate security measures. It consists of a group of
programs which manipulate the database. For ex.
 MySQL
 Microsoft Access
 Oracle
 dBASE
 FoxPro
 SQLite

3. Advantages of Database Management
System
 Reducing Data Redundancy
 The file based data management systems contained multiple files that were
stored in many different locations in a system or even across multiple systems.
Because of this, there were sometimes multiple copies of the same file which
lead to data redundancy.
 This is prevented in a database as there is a single database and any change
in it is reflected immediately.
 Sharing of Data
 In a database, the users of the database can share the data among
themselves. There are various levels of authorisation to access the data, and
consequently the data can only be shared based on the correct authorisation
protocols being followed.
 Many remote users can also access the database simultaneously and share the
data between themselves.

4.  Data Integrity
 Data integrity means that the data is accurate and consistent in the
database. Data Integrity is very important as there are multiple
databases in a DBMS. All of these databases contain data that is visible
to multiple users. So it is necessary to ensure that the data is correct
and consistent in all the databases and for all the users.
 Data Security
 Data Security is vital concept in a database. Only authorised users
should be allowed to access the database and their identity should be
authenticated using a username and password. Unauthorised users
should not be allowed to access the database under any circumstances

5.  Privacy
 The privacy rule in a database means only the authorized users can
access a database according to its privacy constraints. There are levels
of database access and a user can only view the data he is allowed to.
 Backup and Recovery
 Database Management System automatically takes care of backup and
recovery. The users don't need to backup data periodically because this
is taken care of by the DBMS. Moreover, it also restores the database
after a crash or system failure to its previous condition.
 Data Consistency
 Data consistency is ensured in a database because there is no data
redundancy. All data appears consistently across the database and the
data is same for all the users viewing the database. Moreover, any
changes made to the database are immediately reflected to all the
users and there is no data inconsistency.

6. Components of DBMS
 There are the following components of DBMS:
 Software
 Hardware
 Procedures
 Data
 Users

7. There are three types of user who play
different roles in DBMS:
 Application Programmers
 Database Administrators
 End-Users
1.Application Programmers
 The users who write the application programs in programming languages
(such as Java, C++, or Visual Basic) to interact with databases are called
Application Programmer.
2. Database Administrators (DBA)
 A person who manages the overall DBMS is called a database
administrator or simply DBA.
3. End-Users
 The end-users are those who interact with the database management
system to perform different operations by using the different database
commands such as insert, update, retrieve, and delete on the data, etc.

8. Software
 The main component of a Database management system is the
software. It is the set of programs which is used to manage the
database and to control the overall computerized
Hardware
 This component of DBMS consists of a set of physical electronic
devices such as computers, I/O channels, storage devices, etc that
create an interface between computers and the users.This DBMS
component is used for keeping and storing the data in the
database.
Procedures
 Procedures refer to general rules and instructions that help to
design the database and to use a database management
system. Procedures are used to setup and install a new database
management system (DBMS)

9. Data
 It is the most important component of the database
management system.
 The main task of DBMS is to process the data. Here,
databases are defined, constructed, and then data is
stored, retrieved, and updated to and from the
databases.
 The database contains both the metadata (description
about data or data about data) and the actual (or
operational) data.
Users
 The users are the people who control and manage the
databases and perform different types of operations on
the databases in the database management system.