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How the Internet and ICT can be more significant than carbon
    taxes or cap and trade in reducing Global Warming




                            Bill St. Arnaud
                  CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca
                    Bill.st.arnaud@canarie.ca


         Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified
         or distributed without prior permission of the author
Biggest Challenge facing
Planet
Solutions to reduce global
                       warming
> Carbon taxes
   – Politically difficult to sell

> Cap and trade
   – Useful for big emitters like power companies
   – Addresses only supply side of CO2

> Carbon offsets
   – Immature market with no standards
   – But addresses demand side of CO2 by businesses and consumers

> Carbon Neutrality imposed by law
   – Growing in popularity especially as protests over gas tax escalates

> But there may be another approach….
Carbon Rewards rather than
                       Carbon Taxes
> Rather than penalize consumers and businesses for carbon emissions,
  can we reward them for reducing their carbon emissions?

> Using Internet and ICT to provide “virtual” products and services
  directly as a replacement for real equivalents, but also as incentive to
  “reward” consumers to reduce their own carbon footprint in other
  activities
   – Virtual networks and computers for business
   – Cloud computing, Web 2.0 applications
   – Next generation solar powered PDAs and cell phones for access to the
      Internet
   – eMusic, eFilm, eBooks for consumer

> Bits and bandwidth are virtually carbon free
    – especially if we use zero carbon data centers and optical networks
ICT and Virtualization may allow
                           us to achieve Kyoto targets


In 2012 application of ICTs to
other sectors will contribute to
reduction of 68 million tons of
CO2, which is equivalent to
5.4% of CO2 emission in 1990in
Japan.

90% of Kyoto commitments by
Japan




 Dr Yuji INOUE's presentation http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/0F/T060F0060080025PDFE.pdf
Step 3: Virtualization and De-
                           materialization
Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% impact




Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004
C onsumers control or influence
                                60 per cent of emissions
                                                                          Emissions under direct
                                                                          consumer control (35%)


 Other sectors (40%)
 (e.g. manufacturing, coal




                                                                  ing
 mining, export transport)




                                                              Heat
                                                                            cars
                                                                      ate
                                                                 P riv
                                                                        Electricity
                                                                  Oth
                                                                     er t
                                                                         ran
                                                                            s   por
                                                                                   t




                                                      Consumer influenced sectors (25%)
http://www.cbi.org.uk/pdf/climatereport2007full.pdf   (e.g. retail, food and drink, wholesale, agriculture, public sector)
Four steps of reducing CO2
                      through ICT
1. Clean up our own act – the ICT industry itself must be zero
   carbon
    –   Build zero carbon data centers connected by optical networks     2%
    –   Deploy grids, clouds and virtual computers at these facilities

3. Eliminate enterprise servers and move existing business and
   consumer applications to clouds and virtual servers at zero 2%
   carbon data centers

5. Eliminate consumer PC and use hand held devices or solar              1%
   powered devices to access applications over Internet
    –   RIM Blackberry or Apple iPhone

7. Initiate programs to offer virtual products over zero carbon         10%?
   Internet to consumers & business as a reward for reducing
   their carbon footprint
                                       Total CO2 reduction by 2020: 5-15%
                                       Total Required by 2020: 15-30%
An inefficient truth- ICT
                              impact on CO2 emissions*
> It is estimated that the ICT industry alone produces CO2
  emissions that is equivalent to the carbon output of the entire
  aviation industry.

> ICT is now 5th largest industry in terms of consumption of power

> ICT emissions growth fastest of any sector in society, doubling
  every 4 years

> One small computer server generates as much carbon dioxide as
  a SUV with a fuel efficiency of 15 miles per gallon

> Nearly 40% of servers at universities and businesses are under
  utilized by more than 50%.

  *An Inefficient Tuth: http://www.globalactionplan.org.uk/event_detail.aspx?eid=2696e0e0-28fe-4121-bd36-3670c02eda49
The Falsehood of Energy
                   Efficiency

> Most current approaches to reduce carbon footprint are
  focused on increased energy efficiency of equipment and
  processes

> This approach is doomed to failure because of Khazzoom-
  Brookes postulate (aka Jevons paradox)
   – Greater energy efficiency reduces overall cost and therefore promotes
     increased usage

> We need a “zero carbon” strategy because increased usage
  will not change emission equation
   – Anything times zero is zero

> Internet networks and broadband architecture are the answer
“Zero Carbon” Internet data centers
                      & COs
> Purchasing green power in cities is expensive with significant
  transmission line losses
     –Demand for green power within cities expected to grow dramatically

> Data centers and COs DON’T NEED TO BE LOCATED IN CITIES
     –-Cooling also a major problem in cities

> Most renewable energy sites are remote and uneconomical to connect to
  electrical grid.
     –But can be easily reached by an optical network
     –May also meet some of government’s objectives of extending broadband to
     rural/remote areas

> Many examples already
     – BT using windmill powered COs
     –Ericsson solar powered cell towers
     –Green House Data, Cheyenne WO
     –AISO wind powered data farm
     –Iceland and Lithuania National strategies
Grid in a Box at windmill




                 Source: www.Bastionhost.com
Next Generation Internet to
                    reduce Global Warming
> PROMPT: New $50m research consortium made up of Bell
  Canada, Nortel, Ericsson, McGill, UoT etc

> Any future internet network, project, program or application must
  have as its primary objective of a zero carbon footprint

> Zero carbon condition applies to
   –   all optical, wireless and last mile networks
   –   all routers, switches, and web servers
   –   all applications, computers
   –   and all customer devices such as PCs, mobile phones, PDAs etc
Problem: No business case
                   for FTTh
> Broadband networks, whether wireless or FTTx, overbuilders,
  municipal, requires huge capital outlay. In addition:
   – Low takeup – “Tyranny of the takeup”
   – Revenues declining as more and more applications are free
   – Over the top providers are capturing most of the value


> Many companies starting to offer free broadband, both wired
  and wireless
   – Inuk, Sky, TalkTalk, Google, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless etc
   – Cable TV services are moving to the Internet


> Business case for closed networks like Verizon FiOS are
  uncertain
Carbon Reward Strategy for
                      last mile infrastructure
> Provide free high speed Internet and fiber to the home with resale
  of electrical and gas power

> Customer pays a premium on their gas and electric bill

> Customers encouraged to save money through reduced energy
  consumption and reduced carbon output

> Customer NOT penalized if they reduce energy consumption
   – May end up paying substantially less then they do now for gas + electricity +
     broadband + telephone + cable

> Network operator gets guaranteed revenue based on energy
  consumption rather than fickle triple play
Thank you


> More information
> http://green-broadband.blogspot.com
>

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St Arnaud Supernova 2008

  • 1. How the Internet and ICT can be more significant than carbon taxes or cap and trade in reducing Global Warming Bill St. Arnaud CANARIE Inc – www.canarie.ca Bill.st.arnaud@canarie.ca Unless otherwise noted all material in this slide deck may be reproduced, modified or distributed without prior permission of the author
  • 3. Solutions to reduce global warming > Carbon taxes – Politically difficult to sell > Cap and trade – Useful for big emitters like power companies – Addresses only supply side of CO2 > Carbon offsets – Immature market with no standards – But addresses demand side of CO2 by businesses and consumers > Carbon Neutrality imposed by law – Growing in popularity especially as protests over gas tax escalates > But there may be another approach….
  • 4. Carbon Rewards rather than Carbon Taxes > Rather than penalize consumers and businesses for carbon emissions, can we reward them for reducing their carbon emissions? > Using Internet and ICT to provide “virtual” products and services directly as a replacement for real equivalents, but also as incentive to “reward” consumers to reduce their own carbon footprint in other activities – Virtual networks and computers for business – Cloud computing, Web 2.0 applications – Next generation solar powered PDAs and cell phones for access to the Internet – eMusic, eFilm, eBooks for consumer > Bits and bandwidth are virtually carbon free – especially if we use zero carbon data centers and optical networks
  • 5. ICT and Virtualization may allow us to achieve Kyoto targets In 2012 application of ICTs to other sectors will contribute to reduction of 68 million tons of CO2, which is equivalent to 5.4% of CO2 emission in 1990in Japan. 90% of Kyoto commitments by Japan Dr Yuji INOUE's presentation http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/0F/T060F0060080025PDFE.pdf
  • 6. Step 3: Virtualization and De- materialization Direct replacement of physical goods – 10% impact Source: European Commission Joint Research Centre, “The Future Impact of ICTs on Environmental Sustainability”, August 2004
  • 7. C onsumers control or influence 60 per cent of emissions Emissions under direct consumer control (35%) Other sectors (40%) (e.g. manufacturing, coal ing mining, export transport) Heat cars ate P riv Electricity Oth er t ran s por t Consumer influenced sectors (25%) http://www.cbi.org.uk/pdf/climatereport2007full.pdf (e.g. retail, food and drink, wholesale, agriculture, public sector)
  • 8. Four steps of reducing CO2 through ICT 1. Clean up our own act – the ICT industry itself must be zero carbon – Build zero carbon data centers connected by optical networks 2% – Deploy grids, clouds and virtual computers at these facilities 3. Eliminate enterprise servers and move existing business and consumer applications to clouds and virtual servers at zero 2% carbon data centers 5. Eliminate consumer PC and use hand held devices or solar 1% powered devices to access applications over Internet – RIM Blackberry or Apple iPhone 7. Initiate programs to offer virtual products over zero carbon 10%? Internet to consumers & business as a reward for reducing their carbon footprint Total CO2 reduction by 2020: 5-15% Total Required by 2020: 15-30%
  • 9. An inefficient truth- ICT impact on CO2 emissions* > It is estimated that the ICT industry alone produces CO2 emissions that is equivalent to the carbon output of the entire aviation industry. > ICT is now 5th largest industry in terms of consumption of power > ICT emissions growth fastest of any sector in society, doubling every 4 years > One small computer server generates as much carbon dioxide as a SUV with a fuel efficiency of 15 miles per gallon > Nearly 40% of servers at universities and businesses are under utilized by more than 50%. *An Inefficient Tuth: http://www.globalactionplan.org.uk/event_detail.aspx?eid=2696e0e0-28fe-4121-bd36-3670c02eda49
  • 10. The Falsehood of Energy Efficiency > Most current approaches to reduce carbon footprint are focused on increased energy efficiency of equipment and processes > This approach is doomed to failure because of Khazzoom- Brookes postulate (aka Jevons paradox) – Greater energy efficiency reduces overall cost and therefore promotes increased usage > We need a “zero carbon” strategy because increased usage will not change emission equation – Anything times zero is zero > Internet networks and broadband architecture are the answer
  • 11. “Zero Carbon” Internet data centers & COs > Purchasing green power in cities is expensive with significant transmission line losses –Demand for green power within cities expected to grow dramatically > Data centers and COs DON’T NEED TO BE LOCATED IN CITIES –-Cooling also a major problem in cities > Most renewable energy sites are remote and uneconomical to connect to electrical grid. –But can be easily reached by an optical network –May also meet some of government’s objectives of extending broadband to rural/remote areas > Many examples already – BT using windmill powered COs –Ericsson solar powered cell towers –Green House Data, Cheyenne WO –AISO wind powered data farm –Iceland and Lithuania National strategies
  • 12. Grid in a Box at windmill Source: www.Bastionhost.com
  • 13. Next Generation Internet to reduce Global Warming > PROMPT: New $50m research consortium made up of Bell Canada, Nortel, Ericsson, McGill, UoT etc > Any future internet network, project, program or application must have as its primary objective of a zero carbon footprint > Zero carbon condition applies to – all optical, wireless and last mile networks – all routers, switches, and web servers – all applications, computers – and all customer devices such as PCs, mobile phones, PDAs etc
  • 14. Problem: No business case for FTTh > Broadband networks, whether wireless or FTTx, overbuilders, municipal, requires huge capital outlay. In addition: – Low takeup – “Tyranny of the takeup” – Revenues declining as more and more applications are free – Over the top providers are capturing most of the value > Many companies starting to offer free broadband, both wired and wireless – Inuk, Sky, TalkTalk, Google, Microsoft, Cable and Wireless etc – Cable TV services are moving to the Internet > Business case for closed networks like Verizon FiOS are uncertain
  • 15. Carbon Reward Strategy for last mile infrastructure > Provide free high speed Internet and fiber to the home with resale of electrical and gas power > Customer pays a premium on their gas and electric bill > Customers encouraged to save money through reduced energy consumption and reduced carbon output > Customer NOT penalized if they reduce energy consumption – May end up paying substantially less then they do now for gas + electricity + broadband + telephone + cable > Network operator gets guaranteed revenue based on energy consumption rather than fickle triple play
  • 16. Thank you > More information > http://green-broadband.blogspot.com >