The presentation deals with the study of spatial requirements of the corporate office building

1. LITERATURE REVIEW
AND CASE STUDY OF
CORPORATE
ARCHITECTURE
PREPARED BY:
DWARIKA BHATTARAI
LAXMAN ADHIKARI
PRATIK LOHANI
SANJAY NEUPANE
SUNNY SANJAY SHRESTHA
SAJEET SHRESTHA

2. INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND FOR CORPORATE OFFICE.
 “A corporate office is a place for transacting business”.
 The legal profession evolved as did the written documentation which
required storage space.
 People started meeting in coffee houses which provided the models
for the design of office environments.
 Hence, an office evolved as generally room or area in which people
work.
 Corporate offices have since become an architectural and social
phenomenon.

3. HISTORY OF CORPORATE OFFICE
 Corporate offices were treated like machines up until few decades ago giving
very little consideration to the people factor.
 Today, the emphasis is on productivity, hence it is accepted the working
environment affects the level of performance.
 Offices in classical terms were often part of palace complex or large temple.
 Ancient texts and inscriptions allude to the existence of offices.
 In the medieval period the chancery was the place where most of the
government works were done. The rooms of the chancery had walls full of
pigeonholes, constructed to hold up pieces of documents.
 Paintings and tapestries of pre-industrial period shows people in their prvate
offices, handling books, writing scrolls etc.

4. CORPORATE OFFICE AND STRUCTURE
 The word office comes from the Latin word “officium” meaning service,
courtesy etc.
 The word corporate comes from “corporatus” Latin, meaning collective.
 There are many ways of arranging spaces in an office according to the
functions managerial and cultural offices.
 It is guided by how people will work within the same room.
 Open plan offices have multiple workers together in same place and improve
short term productivity but security and privacy are often issues associated
with it.
 In walled office spaces, people set their working desks in such a way that they
can see the person entering their offices.

5. CORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING
 They are built in locations commercially viable.
 The modern requirements for the corporate offices are listed as
below.
1. Legal
2. Technical(networking)
3. Security and flexibility of layout.
4. Productive workplace and working environment.
 Although the corporate offices may have various occupants in
various floor units, the floor layout are generally same.
 Typivcally, it will have reception area, meeting rooms, singular
or open plan offices, as well as toilets.
 The buildings may also have kitchen facilities, dining areas and
a staff room.

6. PLANNING CORPORATE OFFICE BUILDING
 Design requirements vary from office to office according to function,
organizational style, budget and the image the building reveal to the world.
 The arrangement of the office function will actually be projection of the
organizational chart, flow of work and the physical requirements of each
department.
 The spaces are divided according to departments and the sections that make up
the firm, like executive ,offices, sales etc.
 Good space utilization doesn’t necessary mean allocating less working spaces per
person.
 Good space utilization allots more spaces to activities that justifies it and reduces
spaces where it is surplus.
 Spaces required for a typical office can be divided into typical 5 categories:
1. OFFICE SPACE
2. FILE SPACE
3. SPECIAL EQUIPMENT
4. STORAGE
5. SPECIAL ROOMS

7. CORPORTAE OFFICE SPACE
 The spaces include space for departmental aisles, space to move about,
spaces for visitors, rest rooms, general office equipment and bookcases
Spaces
Top Executive
Junior Executive
Supervisors
Operators
Area (sq.ft)
400-600
100-120
80-100
45-55

8. FILE SPACE
 The actual space occupied by the drawer is easily measured, it is however difficult to estimate
area to be allotted until decisions are made on the arrangement of the filing area.
SPECIAL EQUIPMENTS
 Some special equipment require more space than normally allowed in an estimate.
STORAGE SPACE
 Storage requirements depend upon the firms, its work and requirement to retain records.
SPECIAL ROOMS
 They include:
1. RECEPTION ROOM
2. WAITING ROOM
3. CONFERENCE ROOM
4. REST ROOM

9. CORPORATE OFFICE PLANNING CONCEPT
 The office planning concept has a strong effect on design, since it influences
building size and form.
 The two main concepts for the planning are:
1. OPEN PLAN
2. CONVENTIONAL PLAN
 In the conventional plan, most of the building perimeter is taken up fully by
the private offices.
 The open plan assigns most occupants to spaces enclosed by low screens or
modular furniture.

10. CONVENTIONAL PLAN
ADVANTAGES
 Visual and aural privacy can be provided for the office of executives.
 The plan is appropriate for the company that wishes to draw sharp lines
between the ranks of its staff.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Partitions must be demounted or demolished when space changes are
necessary.
 Natural light and view of exterior is limited to those working on the interior.

11. OPEN PLAN
ADVANTAGES
 Most of the employees enjoy natural light and view of exterior.
 The plan is highly flexible, spaces can be arranged with relative ease.
 The planning is compatible with energy conserving design.
DISADVANTAGES
 Loss of aural and visual privacy
 The plan is not feasible for building with narrow wings.
 Orientation for the visitors may be more difficult than in conventional plan.

12. IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
 There is a series of metrics that can be helpful for analyzing efficiency of any
office space.
 These metrics are needed to measure the potential spaces and layouts.
GROSS DENSITY RATIO:
 It helps to determine current usable square feet per person ratio.
 Typically this ratio ranges 175USF/person for densely planned and up to 325
USF/person in offices with frequent in office client/visitor meetings.
ENCLOSED TO OPEN RATIO:
 This is the number of staff in private or enclosed offices compared to those
systems furniture or open cubicles.
 Generally, enclosed offices take up more spaces on per person basis, so this
ratio can have direct impact on total space required.

13. IMPORTANT FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
CONFERENCE ROOM RATIO:
 A conference hall is generally for the business conference.
 They can be windowless for security purposes.
 The ratio between number of staff served by conference room is another
metric for space requirements.
 This ratio can change from one conference room to 10 employees in open
office to one conference room per 20 employees in private office.
CIRCULATION FACTORS:
 Circulation spaces should be allocated in addition to the total square footage
requirement.
 For example: The dimension between the outside wall of the building and the
interior building core rooms should allow for hallway to give access to one or
more rooms.
 Usually it is established at 25-35% of room/cubicle in an office.

14. OFFICE PLANNING MODULE
 The module for the planning is derived from the analysis of needs,
compatibility with manufacture standards and existing module.
 The greatest advantage of modular planning is the flexibility that can be
attended.
 The 1.5*1.5 sq m office planning module is commonly used.

15. WORKSTATION
 The basic workstation is the fundamental building block in understanding the
anthropometric considerations for planning and design of general office.
 The best working position is when the person is seated with the upper arm
perpendicular to the floor and forearm at a angle of 90 degree.
TYPE 1 WORKSTATION:
Adjustable Height Table 60-78cm
Adjustable Height Chair 42-54cm
TYPE 2 and 3 WORKSTATION:
Fixed Height Table 72cm
Adjustable Height Chair 42-50 cm
Adjustable Foot Rest 0-15cm

16. WORKSTATION
 The representative calculation of the space requirement for workstation are
as follows:
Work room (Min) 8 sq m floor area
Surrounding volume of air (Min) 1.5 sq m but minimum
Free circulation space (Min) 12-15 sq m
RECOMMENDED FLOOR TO CEILING HEIGHTS FOR FLOOR AREA OF:
50 sq m 2.5m
50-100 sq m 2.75m
100-250 sq m 3m
Over 250 sq m 3.25m

17. RECEPTION AREA
 It should be placed so as to command a clear view of those entering and
easily accessible.
 It should be attractive, neat, businesslike, and accommodate normal visitor
traffic.
SHELF FOR VISITORS
DEPTH OF WORK SURFACE
CURVE(INNER)
WIDTH OF WORK SURFACE
WORK SURFACE RETURN
20-25cm
60-75cm
30-42cm
90-110cm
70-90cm
SEAT HEIGHT
KEY BOARD HEIGHT
WORK SURFACE HEIGHT
VISITOR SHELF HEIGHT
OVERALL SCREEN HEIGHT
35-55cm
58-70cm
75-75cm
100-105cm
100-120cm

18. PRIVATE OFFICES
 An office 20ft*15ft can easily accommodate a senior executive desk,
conference table for 4 people. It is usually for CEO’s office.
 An office of 15ft*15ft is fit for vice president of mid sized firms. It includes an
executive desk, a small sofa for 2-3 and conference table for 3-4.
 Offices of 10ft*12ft or even smaller 10ft*10ft .In this room a regular sized
desk and two guest chairs can be adjusted.
CUBICLE SIZES
 The sizes of the cubicles depend upon the systems furniture manufacturers
panel and work surface module, panel thicknesses and clustering possibilities.
 Popular sizes are roughly 9ft*12ft for middle managers, 8ft*10ft for senior
staff and 8ft*8ft for general staff.
 And 8ft*6ft or 6ft*6ft for administrative personnel.

20. CONFERENCE ROOMS
 Conference, meetings, assemblies are an important part of an organization.
 The needs for various organization depending on nature of work, number of
conference room for number of staff can be determined.
 The spacer planner should always evaluate the utilization of existing
conference rooms.
 Conference rooms in an office permit maximum utilization through scheduling
at an appropriate level of management.
LOCATION:
 It should be centrally located to the users.
 Access to conference rooms should be through corridors or through reception
areas.
SIZE OF CONFERENCE ROOM:
 Conference room should be designed to accommodate average but not
maximum attendance.
 The size depends upon audio, visual etc. It is generally 20-25 USF per seat.

21. CIRCULATION
ESCALATOR:
 They are required to provide continuous mass transport of people.
 Escalators in corporate offices are at an angle between 30 and 35 degrees.
 In accordance with worldwide standard, the width of step is generally
60cm(for one person width), 80cm(for one to two people).
 A 100cm step width provides ample space for carrying loads.
 The speed of an escalator as an rule should not be greater than 0.5m/s.
 The average split of traffic that goes upstairs is:
FIXED STAIRS
LIFTS
ESCALATORS
2%
8%
90%

22. LIFT
 The upward and downward movement of people in newly erected multistory
buildings is principally achieved by lifts, and serves as a means of vertical
transport for passengers.
 Lift should move minimum of 15% of the building’s population within 5
minutes, with a maximum wait of 30 seconds and car capacity of 80%.
 Lifts may be estimated on basis of one elevator per 2300 sq m.
 Lift lobbies should be 1.8m-2.75m if lifts are on one sides.
 3-3.75m lifts are on both sides.
LOBBIES IN FRONT OF LIFT SHAFT SHOULD BE DESIGNED AS SUCH THAT:
 The users getting or exiting the lifts, do not get in each others way.
 The largest loads like wheelchairs, furniture etc can be maneuvered in and
out without an risk.
 Other users should be not obstructed by loads.

23. RESTAURANT AND FOOD COURTS
 For corporate offices, as a part of workplace culture, restaurants and courts
should be designed for eating as well as meeting and solitary purposes.
 Comfortable eating and possibly different atmospheres and ease of
communications for visitors.
 Special provision for furniture and lighting.
 Queuing should be avoided because it is probably time wasted.
 The thumb rule for determining the area for restaurant and food court is:
 Dining room 50-60% of the total area.
 Kitchen room 40-50%
Traditional Restaurants
Café Restaurants
Staff Dining Room
AISLE WIDTH
Main
Side
Intermediate
1.3-1.9sqm
0.9-1.5sqm
1.4-1.7sqm
Minimum 2.0m
Minimum 1-2m
Minimum 0.9m

24. LIGHT
 Light is critical to how well people work, and how comfortable they feel.
 The appearance of the interior or exterior of a building can be totally
changed with imaginative lighting.
NATURAL LIGHT:
 The quality and quantity of light in interior is dictated by the plan of a
building and the way skin of that building is designed.
 Narrow plan building provide maximum natural light penetration.
 ATRIUMS, in deep plan buildings provide natural light.
 Light is controlled outside the skin of building with overhangs low head
heights to windows or louvers.
 At skin level, shutters, solar glass or even plants are used for control.
 Internally, various blinds reduce or eliminates glare.

25. LIGHT
 Artificial lighting is used as a supplement to the daylight.
 Artificial lights create moods and be directed and manipulated.
 Lighting can change the apparent shape, color and texture of the interior.
 The type of luminaries can be used to enhance both look and feel of a space.
 The recommended lighting levels(in lux) for spaces are:
Offices
Open-plan Offices
Workstations
Technical Drawing
Conference Rooms
Reception Area
Circulation Area
Room for public use
Data Processing
500
750-1000
300
750
300
100
100
200
500

26. PARKING
 The 90 degree parking is more economical in space requirements(20-22sqm)
per car,45 degree parking for 23-26 sq m per car.
 Parking space for cars should have an overall length of more than 5m and
width 2.3m but for disabled width should be more than 3.5m
 Parking spaces for motorcycle have an overall length of 2.20m and width of
0.7m.
 Parking facilities should not be near than 5ft to any street line or project
facility.
 The turning radius for largest vehicle is 12m.
 The recommended clearance height in multistory and basement garage is
2.2m and additional 25cm for signage for drivers.
 Drive ways must have two traffic lanes: Single lane may be used for short
straight service drive ways.

27. SECURITY MANAGEMENT
 Need for better and more intelligent system than can effectively protect
offices.
 Security is now concerned with protecting people, goods and materials.
 Special attention must be provided to the computer with its data and instant
credit transfer facilities in banks.
 A wide range of options and features that can be tailored to the requirements
of the buildings can be summarized as follows
1. Access Control System
2. Intrusion Detection System
3. Surveillance System
4. Health and Safety
5. Fire Monitoring
6. Lifts and Elevators

28. CONCLUSIONS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW
 Through the study of the materials available and interview with the users the
functions to be installed in the building were determined.
 The major subjects being:
1. Concepts of Corporate Office Planning
2. Concepts of open plan
3. Design aspects.
4. Probable structural scheme
5. Building management system
6. Energy Efficiency

29. BANK AND ARCHITECTURE
WORLD BANK ARCHITECTURE
 The banks have traditionally sought to create an image of
stability, solidity and permanence through built form.
 The bank headquarter buildings become the flagship and
recognizable presence in the cities.
 The history of bank architecture is the history of attempts of
the architects to reconcile architectural strength and
impermeability in the building.
NEPALESE BANK ARCHITECTURE
 Formal banking started in Nepal in 1937 B.S with the
establishment of Nepal Bank Limited.
 The construction of Rastriya Banijya Bank in 2055 B.S proved
to be a milestone in history of Nepalese Architecture.
 In recent years private banks with an increased awareness
towards architecture are building sound structures.

30. LITERATURE ON BANK
BANKING HALL:
 It includes working space of the staff and sub divided by means of counters.
 The size of the public space will be decided by the volume of bank business
and the working hour.
 It contains reception, loan officers, tellers ad writing desks.

31. OPEN PLAN LAYOUT:
 It provided more room for the customer, making them comfortable and
welcome.
 The idea of the planning is to bring staff and costumers closer together.
The Principles to an open planning are:
 Maximize space given over to the costumer by moving service counter as close
to perimeter wall as possible.
 Minimize space for processes and secure areas.
 Create personal contact for dealing with financial products.
 Achieve an open, inviting costumer friendly environment that brings in
consumer easily
CASH DISPENSERS:
 Also known as ATMs are now a universal feature of modern high street banks.
 In bank façade they should allow access from the rear to bank staff.
 Not disrupt window frame, sills or horizontal banding
 Be near ground level to allow for easy public access.

32. CASHIER POSITIONS:
 Money is held securely in standard steel cabinet, usually underneath the
counter.
DRIVE-IN BANKS
 To save time, costumers do not go into bank but drive up to an external cash
point. It avoids parking problems.
 Each cash point can serve up to 250 costumers per day.
CONSIDERATIONS
 Tellers should generally be located at one side of the bank to allow for
expansion.
 Continuous counters are generally provided. Counter heights from floor is
usually kept 1.65m and width may vary from 30-60cm.
 The width of working space leaving 45 cm for chair varies from 1.2 to 3 m.
 The basis for working space and public may be adopted as 5-6.5sq m and 12.5
to 17.5 sq m respectively.
 Writing desks should have at least 45cm width and 60 cm length

33. BANK OFFICE
 In general modern bank building may have open, closed and modified plan.
 Closed plan offices have full height walls or partition dividing the space into
offices with doors.
 Open plan offices workstations are located in an open space with no ceiling
height divisions or doors.
 Modified plans combine elements of both the other elements.
OFFICE AREA REQUIREMENTS:
 People space is calculated (standard individual space*number of
people)+allowances for immediate ancillary needs + factor for primary
circulation.
 The depth of a room depends upon the space required for an individual in a
multi occupant,open plan, group or office.
 The average depth of office space is 4.5-6m.
 Open plan offices need a clear ceiling height of only 3m but height shoulde be
4.2 if ventilation ducts are installed.

34. DEPARTMENTS OF A BANK
LEGAL DEPARTMENT
 Provides legal service to a bank as and when necessary.
CREDIT DEPARTMENT
 Studies documents forwaded by the branch and authorizes the bank to
disburse loans etc.
STRATEGIC PLANNING DEPARTMENT
 Prepare the strategy for the bank business.
BANK OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
 Determine interest rates and prudential regulations.
ADMINISTRATION/HUMAN RESOURCE:
 Executes and conducts recruitment, transfer, promotion in a bank
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
 Management of funds and cash resource.

35. PLANNING AND RESEARCH:
 Act as economic supervisors
GENERAL SERVICE:
 Responsible for the management and maintenance of bank properties and
supplies.
INTERNAL AUDIT AND INSPECTION DEPARTMENT:
 Monitor and improve the integral management and check account.
IT DEPARTMENT:
 Prepare and recommends the bank software to all departments,branches.
RECONCILIATION:
 Responsible for checking the expenditure regarding other branches.
ACCOUNTS AND EXPENDITURE:
 Responsible for formulating banks annual budget.
LOAN RECOVERY:
 Responsible for recovering loan from costumers.
MARKETING:
 To tap up potential costumers.

36. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
CONVENIENCE
TO PUBLIC
FLOW OF
WORK
CENTRALIZED
FUNCTION
CONFERENCE
ROOM
EQUIPMENTS
SERVICE
PASSENGER
ELEVATORS
FREIGHT
ELEVATORS
SHIPPINH
DOCK

37. STRONG ROOM
 If a bank has safety deposit boxes, access from the
banking hall should be via a partition usually past the
securities department.
 In smaller banks they may be divided into two.
 Wall safes are metal boxes built into walls and hidden.
 Floor safes are used for the storage of petty cash and
valuables.
 Bank strong rooms should be designed to prevent criminals
from breaking in forcibly.
 It must be an independent structure that is surrounded by
a free space allowing full supervision.

38. STEEL FABRICATED STRONG ROOMS
 Fire and burglar resistant steel fabricated strong rooms for banks can
effectively handle the inflow and outflow.
TYPES OF VAULTS:
 Single Aisle Vault
Interior size 14ft*8ft*8ft (Cash Vault 32 sq ft and safe deposit 80 sq ft)
 Double Aisle Vault
Interior size 14ft*14ft*8ft (Cash Vault 48 sq ft and Safe deposit 148 sq ft)
 Double Aisle Vault
Interior size 16ft*14ft*8ft (Cash Vault 48 sq ft and Safe deposit 176 sq ft)

39. SECURITY AND LOCK
 Burglar and attack alarm systems help to monitor and protect people,
property and goods.
 Fire alarm systems give an early warning of smoke or fire and alert emergency
services.
 Outdoor supervision systems are used to monitor area around building.
Mechanical and constructional measures can be taken.
 Good protection systems, also called shoplifting systems are electronic
systems that protect against theft.
 Access control systems are devices which in combination with a mechanical
barrier only allow free access to any area by means of an identity check.
 Remote control systems or data transfer over the public telephone network
facilitate monitoring at a distance.
 Monitoring systems observe or control the sequence of events by means of a
camera and a monitor which are operated either manually or automatically.

40. CASE STUSY-I (RASTRIYA BANIJYA BANK)
INTRODUCTION
 Rastriya Banijya Bank is one of the key players of the Nepalese financial
sector which is established in 1966A.D.
 Largest ,government owned commercial bank with 114 branches having about
3200 permanent staffs.
 Landmark building for the Singhadurbar, constructed with modern expression
from the combination of brick and cement plastered elevations.

41. LOCATION:
 RBB complex is located at the junction of Singhadurbar.
 Site is flat which is flat land which is below the road level.
 Site is facing towards North and East direction.
 Singhadurbar complex and high complex is located after the eastern side road,
National trading center and traffic office complex is located after the northern
side road.
 Nepal agriculture research council is located on the west side of the site and
agricultural development bank is located on the south side of the site
 The site is organized with the buffer spaces like garden, four wheelers parking
at the front side: building located back of the side before the services like
water treatment plant, electrical generator and transformers etc.
 Icon for the corner architecture and blends well in the cluster of the other
government offices in this area.

42. DESIGN APPROACH:
 Site area: 11 ropanies
 Plan area:4 ropanies to accommodate 12 departments including about 450
staffs.
 Building is designed in such a way that it is symmetrically divided by the axis
from the statue of late King Prithivi Naryan Shah.
 As per the axis the location and the form of the building are derived.
 Provision of the greeneries in the entry court gives a fresh feeling.
 The building is constructed in frame structure with the brick wall.
 Modern building with the striking interplay of local materials like brick
exposure with concrete/plastered exposure and glazed aluminum windows.
 Due to the materials also the buildings blend with the surroundings.
Front façade of the building has single storied colonnade structure with recess
entrance giving emphasis on the first floor.
 Scale and proportion of the building is well managed with the surrounding
complex and addressing the corner architecture.

43. ORGANIZATION OF DEPARTMENTS:
 RBB building is designed in the spirit level to maintain privacy between
various departments with open planning for the similar departments.
 Banking hall has given the primary importance on the ground floor.
Located at the south west corner, straight on the axis from the entrance.
 Recess entrance is welcomed with colonnade structures giving openness to
the courtyard.
 Banking hall is provided with strong room and safe deposit lockers on the
same floor.
 Various split levels and connected with two major staircase with two lifts
near stairs and two service stairs and two courtyards.
 Internal layouts are planned as per the hierarchy of the corporate
structure with the importance to public.
 Flexibility in planning the corporate executives office is done as per
closed planned principle and other department are done as per open plan
principle.
 Banking hall with treasury department ,security department, legal
department, general service department, guards office and quarter,
branch operation and canteen are on level ½ Account and Expenditure
department, Reconciliation Department, loan recovery department,
general service department.

44. SERVICES:
 Building is well planned for the better services.
 Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main
and alternative source is the deep boring ground water.
 Water treatment plant of open air oxidation is provided at the back of the
side.
 Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority.
 Transformer with the diesel generator backup serves for uninterrupted power
supply.
 Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main
supply line with back up provision of septic tank and soak pits.
 Communication networks like telephone, internet , data networking fax etc
are well designed inside the building.
 Air conditioning is applied in the building however the natural ventilation is
well designed for the comfort environment.
 Got provision of fire escape from the building with fire extinguisher in every
department.

45. PARKING:
 Provision of separate pedestrian access, vehicular access and separate access
at the back.
 Four wheelers parking is arranged beside the front gate which can
accommodate 15 cars hardly.
 Two wheelers can be parked at the rare part of the complex through the
service access.
 Capacity to accommodate about 60 bikes.
 Customers are forced to park their vehicle along the side of the service road.
SECURITY:
 Security is found to be quite weak.
 Depended upon a few no. of the security personnel .
 No other modern means of security system.

46. SHORT COMINGS:
 Parking facilities aren’t sufficient enough for the staffs using four wheelers.
 Though design demonstrates a good interplay of mass and void, its form is
found to be vulnerable to earthquake.
 Not able to address the handicapped.
 Building should be more energy efficient according the global demand of
sustainable architecture.

47. CASE STUDY – II (NEPAL BANK LIMITED)
INTRODUCTION:
 Oldest commercial bank of Nepal.
 Established in 1937 which marked the beginning of an era of formal banking.
 Largest bank in Nepal with 109 branches in 55 districts.
 First bank of Nepal which is established under the principle of joint
venture(between govt and general public).
 Bank has a seven member Board of Directors with the representation of three
Directors from the promoters' group, two Directors from general public and
one as Professional Director.

48. LOCATION :
 Located at the heart of the main commercial hub (New Road) of the city.
 With the growth of services and requirements, today it has buildings of
various ages and sizes within its predestined territory.

49. BANK HALL:
 Separate waiting area and reception with small services counter for the new
customers for inquiry about the services of the bank.
 Service counters are for the inquiries, collection cheque , making the letter
,form distribution etc
 Banks provide separate clerks for the gold and silver counters, foreign
currency counters.
 Daily cash deposit and withdrawn counters. Credit counters for travelers ,
cheque tender collection etc and remittance counters.
 Increment in the no of counters will reduces the service time so the
customers can have easy access to services in short time.
 Also reduce the volume of waiting area.

50. SPACE ANALYSIS:
Entrance gate 12’ wide
Waiting hall 460 sq.ft
Sitting on waiting hall 33 persons
Reception -2 persons 147 sq.ft
Toilets area 353 sq.ft
Ladies toilet 145 sq.ft
Gents toilet 190 sq.ft
Circulation area in front of counter 1158 sq.ft
GOLD AND SILVER LOAN DEPARTMENT:
Area 543 sq.ft
Counter size 5’x3’6” per persons
Vault 545 sq.ft and 346 sq.ft
DEPOSITS/REMITTANCE:
Counter size 4’x3’6”/persons
Sr. Manager Cubicle 148 sq.ft
Manager Cubicle 105 sq.ft
Deputy manager cubicles 84 sq.ft
Staffs 30-48 sq.ft

51. BACK OFFICE:
 Wide flight stairs leads to the first floor which serves as name office , staffs
assisting the functions in the banking hall.
 Departments are closely placed though being separated by plywood and glass
partitions.
 Planning within each department is open to encourage group discussions
whereas the department chiefs room being semi covered.
 This floor even has two vault room one for the bank and other for customers.

52. STAFFING STRUCTURE
HEAD OFFICE
Accounts
Board Secretaries
BMD
POSITION
Chief Manager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Senior Assistant
Typist
Assistant
Godown Keeper
Total
Assistant Manager
Chief Manager
Senior Manager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Assistant
LEVEL
10
8
7
6
5
5
4
4
6
10
9
8
7
6
5
NUMBER
1
2
8
24
33
2
32
1
103
2
1
1
2
5
4
3

53. CEO Secretariat
Corporate
Credit
CAD
Chief Manager
Junior Assistant
Chief Manager
Senior Manager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Senior Assistant
Typist
Chief Manager
Senior Manager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Assistant Manager
Senior Assistant
Typist
Deputy Manager
Typist
10
3
10
9
8
7
6
5
5
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
7
5
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
9
1
1
3
5
9
7
4
2
1
1

54. SERVICES:
 Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main.
 Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority .
 Generator for the backup.
 Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main
supply line.
 Communication networks like telephone , internet, intranet, data
networking, fax etc are well designed inside the building.
 Natural ventilation is well designed for the comfortable environment.
 Provision of fire extinguisher in every department.
 Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is an ultra modern
service tool.

55. PARKING:
 Literally no parking space .
 Has a single entry system the main entry gate.
 Spaces left before the bank is used for the guard post.
 Pedestrian and vehicular access crosses each other.
SECURITY:
 Security system in the building is quite alert.
 Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the entrance to the
banking hall.
 Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive locations.
 CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every sensitive locations
which is constantly observed.
 Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.

56. SHORT COMINGS:
 Parking space provide is too small and the customers are bound to use the pay
parking outside.
 Not able to address the handicapped.
 Revolving door is fatal during emergency.
 Building is not an energy efficient structure.

57. CASE STUDY-III ( ING GROUP)
 INTRODUCTION:
 With respect to design and applied technologies , ING building has already
been first building of the 21st century.
 Designed by the Roberto Meyer and Jeroen van Schooten ,which is designed
on the principle of fast moving, transparency, innovation, eco friendliness and
openness which identify the bank.
 Use of streamlined shape, steel frames, light transparency through the use of
much glass and spacious of the gardens and atriums has made it a stylish ,
elegant, yet modest building
 Harmony with the surroundings to provide a pleasant place to work.
 ING headquarters is an extraordinary , innovative, and complex eg of
sustainable design.
 It is the landmarks that define the entrance to the city.
 Milestone in Dutch architecture.

58. LOCATION
 Located in the Zudias area South-West of Amsterdam .
 At a distance of 30-35 minutes drive from central Amsterdam.
 The selection of site is sensible and the location is compatible with the
significance of the corporate it houses.
 Near to the airport and the railway line which offers design challenges to
control noise and pollution.
 Close to the future museums and a boundary between a residential and a
commercial area which offers the lots of the opportunity.

59. FORM:
 It is the first beacon that people see when approaching the city.
 Gleaming nose ,the ascending roofline and the graceful way the aluminum
belly curves and become glass ,all are seen advantage and gives nickname
dust buster, slap skate, shoe, space ship and bullet train.
 The architects were restricted by the boundaries of the long and the narrow
plot of the land and a maximum height.
 Complexity of the site was overcame by raising the whole building on the
legs.
 Legs also helped to condemn the view of the motor way embankment as well
as allow the architect to place the entrance underneath the building.
 Building is low on the western side where the forest and lake areas of the
Amsterdam woods and high on the eastern side where the high rise buildings
are planned.
 Slopping glass on the western side provides the wonderful view.
 Depending on the angle and time of the day the building has pronounced
form from the every angle; and at night the streamlined carapace
dematerializes, reaviling the component parts.

60. PLANNING:
 Inaugurated on 16th Semptember 2002 has a site area 5600 sq.m.
 Building is 138m long and 28m wide .it has 10 stories and a total height of
48m.
 Floor area is almost 20,000sq.m.
 Constructed like a table on sixteen steel legs.
 Main portion of the block is Elevated off the ground by the sills that range
between 9-a2.5m.
 Technique used on the construction of the brides .
 Below the building here is a parking garage sufficient to accommodate 160
cars.
 A double height entirely transparent reception hall is planned on the ground
floor between the buildings legs.
 Building service floor where all the technical installation area is located is
planned on the belly of the building
 Eight upper floors above it are different from each other and on the top three
floors are reserved by the ING groups executive board and committee’s.

61. FAÇADE:
 Double skin façade is composed of the two layers of glass.
 Buffer is created between the two layers .inner layer of glass has an
insulating quality which minimizes the energy loss through the building.
 At the same time it allows the solar heat enter to the building during the
winter, while during the summer the outer layer has vents which allows the
heat to escape and operable shades minimizes solar entry.
 This reduces the amount of the mechanical heating and cooling required.
 Voids between the two layers of the glass allows for operable windows,
natural ventilation, unaffected by strong winds ,noise and pollution.

62. HEATING AND COOLING:
 Mechanical heating and the cooling system also works with the surrounding
environment.
 An aquifer deep below the building stores the water resources. When the
heating and cooling is required stores are brought to the surface by heat
pump and system extract hot or cold from the fairly constant temperature of
the aquifer .
 It can be said substantial energy saved with the long term use.
 COMPUTERISED SYSTEM:
 It is used for the division of the building into the climate zones for the
comfort and to save energy.
 Monitored by the computer system which controls louvers and cavity
ventilation allowing the each workspace to be thermal comfort.
 Like when the window is opened the shade is raised and the air conditioning is
automatically turned off, lights are automatically turned off .

63. GARDENS:
 Much attention is paid to a pleasant working environment
with the gardens and plants.
 ING house has several inner gardens and on the eighth floor
cranberries, royal ferns and full grown pines are grown out
the roof.
 Bamboo garden in the reception hall on the ground floor and
a jungle garden on the fourth floor.
 Rubber plant garden in the foyer of the atrium in the third
floor.
SPACIOUSNESS:
 Spaciousness is manifested by the atriums and the open areas
which offers the occupants a view on the other floors.
 Façade, several elevators, ceilings,stairs and floors are also
made of the glass, serve transparency.
 Brushed stainless steel and light colored wood were used for
the interior.

64. MATERIALS:
 Materials were selected to the environment impact
while providing a high tech appearance.
 Steel and glass appear lightweight and the modern
in comparison to the traditional stone, concrete
and brick cladding.
 Steel and glass are used because the energy used
to assemble, manufacture and transport the
materials is reduced.
 Steel and glass are both recycled materials.
 Materials were selected to maximize the life and
minimize the energy consumed.

65. SHORT COMINGS:
 High tech and complex energy saving system has yet to be confirmed
effective by tests.
 All the sensors are controlled by a complex computer system and they are
expensive and susceptible.
 Building is massive 20,000sqm of which only 7,500sq.m is used for office
space to house 500 employees.
 Eight indoor gardens, double height spaces and the top three floors are
reserved for the specific use of the board of directors and executive
committee.
 Double skin façade requiring extensive and careful planning and skilled
workers for the instillation and twice expensive than the traditional cladding
system.
 Technology used is advanced but inaccessible and expensive to the traditional
methods.

66. CASE STUDY – IV (COMMERZ BANK,
FRANKFURT)
INTRODUCTION :
 The new headquarters for the Commerzbank in Frankfurt is
the worlds tallest ecological high rise tower.
 In May of 1992 Foster and Partners was announced, in a closed
competition for the design with radical environmental design.
Foster creates a piece which meets both the German laws and
the sustainability issues such as ambient energy .
 Use of innovative façade, use of natural ventilation for health
and comfort for the users .
 Use of operable windows and planted sky gardens for the
outdoors
 Use of recycling gray water for cooling and sanitary purpose .
 Community and connection through careful scaling of
relatonship with the street and surrounding neighborhood.

67. DAYLIGHT:
 Building structural layout is closely integrated with the spatial
qualities of the office and garden.
 It has a rounded equilateral triangular plan.
 It has three apexes house the main reinforced concrete and steel
columns as well the service and elevator shafts.
 The tree sections on each arm of the plan are reserved for office
space and one section devoted to the sky garden at every floor.
 Central atrium in the middle ,only separated by the steel and glass
diaphragms every twelve floors.
 Atrium serve as the airshafts that connect the air flow between sky
gardens.
 Each section holds a four level high open sky garden that changes
orientation from one arm of the triangle to the next at every section
of the building until it reaches the top of the building on the 60th
floor.
 Sky gardens allow daylight to strike the interior face of each office
wing, meeting the German building code requiring that all workers be
no further than 7.5m from a window.

68. WINTER GARDENS:
 Freedom of structural columns in the gardens expresses a new and animated
form of office management where workers experience a less hierarchical
system.
 Office partitions are made of glass encouraging the dissolution of the
psychological barriers between the co-workers.
 Sky gardens are planted with live trees and plants act as outdoor places and
function as public spaces; people confer ,eat lunch, drink coffee or simple
pause for thought.
 Winter garden provides a buffer zone of insulation between the central
atrium space and the outdoors.
 Stacked gardens allow for ventilation through the atrium which is divided into
sections as the building goes up ward. mass quantities of natural light are
brought directly to the center of the building.
 Offices facing the center of the building are provided light and exterior views
through the garden.
 Provide green natural space for those working in the building.

69.  THE KLIMAFASSADE:
 Translated as the climate façade, it is custom made double
skin envelope system that mediates the weather between
the interior and exterior of the building.
 It allows for individuals to control their surroundings by
operable windows and a sunshade system.
 Composed of a solid pane of laminated glass on the outer
layer, which deflects strong winds and rain by a ventilation
cavity.
 It control the internal temperature with the sensor which
control the blinds and windows.
 It control the uneven air pressure, overheating ,condensation
,etc.
 To minimize the noise generated when air moves through the
space on the top and bottom of the fixed outer layer special
aerodynamic transoms allow silent natural ventilation to
occur.

70. THERMAL AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS:
 Conventional perimeter radiators under the floor supply heat
when needed and perforated metal ceiling houses a water filled
pipe cooling system that is the backup to the operable windows.
 Mechanical ventilation ducts is used to supply fresh air during
intense cold, rain stormy weather when operable windows cannot
be opened.
 Use of the “gray” water from the cooling towers in the toilets
flushed.
 Stairwells finished with second cuts of granite, economically
upgrading their appearance and encouraging their use.

71.  SHORT COMMINGS:
 Building relative significance lies in its idea to create the worlds
first ecological skyscraper.
 It is great that the building is designed with clear glass but the
problem is what happens to the heat energy once it is in the
building.
 Steel framing and clear glazing the building is constructed of are
both materials that transmit heat instead of store it.
 Heat passes through the glazed façade, through the hollow atrium
and out the other side of the building without being absorbed.
 The building has not taken into consideration photovoltaic or wind
power that also could have reduced energy consumption.
 Wind turbines on the roof of the tower could have taken
advantage of wind forces that occur at higher elevations, while
photovoltaic could have supplied the building with an abundance
of free power on sunny days.
 large amount of energy is being wanted to achieve the exterior
lighting effect.
 Use of the logical system to reduce artificial light used during the
day and during the night encourage people only to use the lighting
that is necessary to work comfortably.

72. CASE STUDY V (KIST BANK,KATHMANDU)
INTRODUCTION
 Kist Bank, established in 2003, with a vision of becoming the best Bank on
operational excellence and superior financial performance.
 Initially it was established as Class ‘C’ Finance Company in 2003 with a paid
up capital of Rs 30 million, 17 promoters and 7 staff.
 Vision is to become the best bank based on operational excellence and
superior financial performance.

73. LOCATION:
 Located near Anamnagar, Kathmandu.
 The site is South east facing with the Bagmati river across the entrance.
 Example of modern bank architecture with state of the art facilities for
employee and customers alike.

74. STAIR-
CASE
ELECTR
I-CAL
ROOM
STORAG
E
LIFT
(2)
LOBBY
LIFT
(2)
SECURITY
DESK SECURITY
DESK
DOCK
SURFACE
PARKING
REST
ROOM
Ground Floor Layout

75. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
CUSTO
-MER
SERVI
CE
RECE
PTIO
N
PROMOTIONAL
DESK AND
LOCKERS
CAFETE
RIA
SITTIN
G
AREA
CASH/R
EMITTA
NCE
FCY
COUNT
ER
PANT
RY
REST
ROO
M
SITTI
NG
AREA
WORK
STATION
First Floor Layout

76. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
REST
ROOM
RECEPTION
ATRIU
M
BRANCH
MANAGE
R
CLEARIN
G
MARKETI
NG
RECE
PTIO
N
REST
ROOM
RETAIL
BANKING
SME
BANKING
PREVELA
GE
COUNTER
Second Floor
Layout

77. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
REST
ROO
M
RECE
PTIO
N
ATRIU
M
RECE
PTIO
N
REST
ROO
M
TRADE
FINANCE
RECOVER
Y
CREDIT
ADMINIST
RATION
CREDIT RISK
MANAGEME
NT
Third Floor Layout

78. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
REST
ROO
M
RECE
PTIO
N
ATRIU
M
REST
ROO
M
CARD CENTER
AUDIT
HUMA
N
RESOU
CE
SHARE
LEGAL
MEET
ING
ROO
M
MEET
ING
ROO
M
Fourth Floor Layout

79. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
RECEPT
ION
ATRIUM
REST
ROO
M
MEET
ING
ROO
M
MEET
ING
ROO
M
TREASURY
FINANCE
CORPORATE
AFFAIRS
COMP
LIANC
E
TRANSACTION
BANKING
CARD
IT
RECO
NCILI
ATION
BUSINESS
BANKINGBA
NKING
INFOR
MATI
ON
Fourth Floor Layout

80. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
RECE
PTIO
N
ATRIU
M
PANT
RY
MEETING
ROOM
REST
ROO
M
RECEPT
ION
EXICUTIV
E
MEETING
ROOM
EXICUT
IVE
OFFICE
S
EXICUT
IVE
OFFICE
UNDER
CONSTR
UCTION
UNDER
CONSTR
UCTION
Sixth Floor Layout

81. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
RECE
PTIO
N
ATRIU
M
REST
ROO
M
KITCHEN
DINNING
DINNING
UNDER
CONSTR
UCTION
UNDER
CONSTR
UCTION
Seventh Floor Layout

82. STAIR-
CASE
LIFT
(2)
LIFT
(2)
STORAG
E
Eighth Floor Layout

83. DESIGN APPROACH:
 A break from the traditional Nepalese bank architecture.
 Ultra modern façade with large strip of windows
 The interior with an atrium for natural lighting inside the building.
 The use of new materials in the interior of the building aid the ambience
inside.
 The semi circular tellers and counters provide enough spaces for the
costumers for easy circulation.
 The executive floor with wood texture finish provide a different feel in that
particular floor.

84. SERVICES:
 Water supply is used from the national public water supply corporation main.
 Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal Electricity Authority .
 Generator for the backup.
 Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public sanitary main
supply line.
 Communication networks like telephone , internet, intranet, data
networking, fax etc are well designed inside the building.
 Provision of fire extinguisher in every floor.
 Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is an ultra modern
service tool.
 Modern fire hydrant tools along with smoke detectors and sprinklers.

85. PARKING:
 Provision for both surface parking and basement parking.
 Surface Parking for almost 10 cars and 50 motorbikes.
 The basement parking for almost 200 bikes and 30 cars.
 Regular supervision from the security personnel for the ease of costumers.
 Separate entry and exit lanes from two sides of the site.
SECURITY:
 Security system in the building is quite alert.
 Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the entrance to the
banking hall.
 Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive locations.
 CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every sensitive locations
which is constantly observed.
 Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.
 Fire Alarms and Sensors also placed in various parts.

86. SHORT COMINGS:
 The ceiling heights have been greatly reduced due to the use of false ceilings
proving difficult for costumers in a few cases.
 The pollution in the Bagmati river is an hindrance to the costumers and the
bank alike.
 All the floors are rarely occupied and hence some spaces are vacant with no
particular use at the moment.
 The slope for the ramp is irregular and steep.

87. CASE STUDY -VI (SANIMA BANK,NAXAL)
INTRODUCTION
 Sanima, promoted by prominent and
dynamic Non-Resident Nepalese (NRNs)
Businessman, commenced its operation in
2004 as a National Level Development
Bank with the vision to mobilize resources
for National Development.
 In the pursuit of sustainable growth,
Sanima has 27 full-fledged branches within
and outside the Kathmandu Valley and has
further plans to expand its reach in the
various part of the country.

88. LOCATION
 Loacted in Narayanchaur,Naxal,Kathmandu.
 The site is South-West facing with the building facing the street side.
 Another example on modern banking facilities and bank architecture in Nepal.
 The surrounding modern buildings go hand in hand with the architecture of
the building.

89. DESIGN APPROACH:
 Building to accommodate 12 departments including about 450 staffs.
 Provision of the water bodies in the entry court gives a fresh feeling.
 The building is constructed in frame structure with the brick wall.
 Modern building with the striking interplay of materials like glass exposure
with concrete/plastered exposure and glazed aluminum windows.
 Due to the materials also the buildings blend with the surroundings.
 Scale and proportion of the building is well managed with the surrounding
complex and addressing the corner architecture.

90. GENE
RAL
SERVI
CES
W/C
COUNTE
R
STOR
E
SERVI
CE
WAITIN
G SPACE
CIRCULATI
ON
STAIR
CASE
LIFT
SECUR
ITY
DESK
ENTRANCE
EMERG
ENCY
EXIT
Ground Floor Circulation

91. W/C
STAIR
CASE
LIFT
RECEPTI
ON
BUSINESS
BANKING
RETAIL
BANKING
W/C
LEGAL
LEGAL
LC
PANT
RY
STOR
E
EMERGE
NCY
EXIT
First Floor Circulation

92. W/C
STAIR
CASE
LIFT
CEO
MARKETIN
G
TREASURY
BACK
OFFICE
W/C
IT
CLUSTER
HR
PANT
RY
STOR
E
EMERG
ENCY
EXIT
Second Floor Circulation

93. W/C
STAIR
CASE
LIFT
MEETIN
G ROOM
WORK
STATION
CLEARING
AUDIT
W/C
MEETING
ROOM
CUSID
E
PANT
RY
STOR
E
EMERG
ENCY
EXIT
Fourth floor
Circulation

94. DEPARTMENT
Compnay Secretary
Clearing
Audit
GSD
Remittance
Compliance
Marketing
Buisness Development
Account
CEO
Treasury Bank Office
Treasury Front Office
Finance and Planning
Cluster
IT
HR
NO OF
CUBICLES
1
0
2
1
1
2
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
NO OF
WORKSTATION
1
4
3
9
8
2
5
3
2
0
1
0
2
3
5
4
FLOOR
5
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

95. DEPARTMENT
Receptionist
LC
Business Banking
Retail Banking
Legal
CRM
Teller
CSD
Opertaion Back Office
Share
Gold Tester
NO OF
CUBICLES
0
1
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
NO OF
WORKSTATION
1
8
10
8
6
9
8
6
3
4
1
FLOOR
1
1
1
1
1
1
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground
Ground

96. SERVICES:
 Water supply is used from the national public water supply
corporation main.
 Equipped with the three phase electricity from Nepal
Electricity Authority .
 Generator for the backup.
 Sewerage and sanitation is designed to dispose in the public
sanitary main supply line.
 Communication networks like telephone , internet,
intranet, data networking, fax etc are well designed inside
the building.
 Provision of fire extinguisher in every floor.
 Cable trays are used to carry air ducts and cables which is
an ultra modern service tool.
 Modern fire hydrant tools along with smoke detectors and
sprinklers.
 Panoramic Lifts for access to upper floors.

97. PARKING:
 Provision for both surface parking and basement parking.
 Surface Parking for almost 50 motorbikes.
 The basement parking for almost 150 bikes and 35 cars.
 Regular supervision from the security personnel for the ease
of costumers.
SECURITY:
 Security system in the building is quite alert.
 Bunch of security personnel at the main entrance and the
entrance to the banking hall.
 Guards are assigned to the vault room and all sensitive
locations.
 CCTV is fixed at the entrance , banking hall and at every
sensitive locations which is constantly observed.
 Alert buttons is placed under the table of the selected staffs.
 Fire Alarms and Sensors also placed in various parts.

98. SHORTCOMINGS:
 Parking not adequate for the flow of the costumers.
 Narrow opening for the entrance in the bank.
 Direct access from the road can create security issues.
 Pollution in the surrounding areas.
 Congested spaces in the ground floor

99. CASE STUDY –VII (QATAR
AIRWAYS,HATTISAR)
INTRODUCTION:
 In a relatively short time, Qatar Airways has grown to over 120 destinations
worldwide, offering unmatched levels of service excellence that have helped
excel the award-winning carrier to become best in the world.
 Qatar Airways has achieved much with our phenomenal route expansion
averaging 30% growth year to year and flying one of the most modern fleet of
almost 120 aircraft in the skies today.

100. LOCATION:
 Loacted in Hattisar, Kathmandu a commercial hub.
 The site is oriented towards South-West.
 The surrounding corporate and office complex give the site a formal seting for
setting up of the office.

101. DESIGN APPROACH:
 The building is built in such a way that multiple corporations can house their
offices in the building.
 The spaces have been divided as such that either shops or offices can be
created inside.
 The basement provides access for both parking and services like electrical,
guard rooms etc.
 The two parallel staircases in the front façade provide access to upper floors
and provide a sense of symmetric to the building.
 The exterior is a mix of solid plastered walls and windows.
 The recesses entry provides additional space for the entry of the vehicles.

102. INTERIOR AND FUNCTIONALITY:
 The waiting spaces for 20 spaces greets costumers as they enter the office.
 The waiting space is oriented towards the south.
 Proper natural lighting for waiting space and lobby.
 3 counters for ticket booking etc.
 Circulation space cramped in some places inside the office.

103. SERVICES:
 Water distribution system through raw water tanks.
 Electrical systems located at the basement meaning the guards can easily
operate the systems.
 Security systems with security guards, cameras and detectors.
 Generator backup.
 Communications systems through telephones, internet.

104. PARKING:
 Basement parking.
 Provides spaces for about 15 cars in total and 30 motorbikes.
 Regular supervision by Guards for the visitors.
SHORTCOMINGS:
 Poorly managed water distribution systems.
 No fire fighting and fire exits.
 Not enough natural lights for the working spaces.
 Helpdesks are not present.
 Wash rooms can not be accessed by the public.

105. CASE STUDY – VIII(BUDDHA
AIR,JAWALAKHEL)
INTRODUCTION:
 Buddha Air envisions itself as the safest, most reliable and comfortable means
of transportation.
 Buddha Air provides flights to thirteen destinations within Nepal and has its
headquarters in Jawalakhel, Lalitpur.
 Wheelchairs or portable oxygen cylinders can be arranged for passengers with
special needs.

106. LOCATION:
 The site is located in Jawalakhel.
 The site is oriented towards South – West.
 The building was originally used as restaurant and now serves as the office of
Buddha Air.
 The surrounding consists of office buildings etc.

107. DESIGN APPROACH:
 The building was originally a restaurant and hence was re planned for the
needs of the airline.
 The Building originally had an open plan for the restaurant and later changed
to closed with help of partitions created by timber / gypsum boards etc.
 The form of the building follows contemporary style.

108. PARKING
SECU
RITY
STAIRCA
SE
Ground Floor Circulation

109. STAIRCA
SE
SALES
COUN
TER
GENERA
L
SERVICE
DEPART
MENT
AUDIT
ROOM
MARKETI
NG
RESERVATION
ROYAL
DEPATM
ENT
ROYAL
DEPART
MENT
TRA
VEL
TRAVEL
LOBB
Y
First Floor Circulation

110. STAIRCA
SE
TOILE
T
CHEF
HUMAN
RESOUR
CE
DEPART
MENT
HD
RECE
PTIO
N
MANAGIN
G
DIRECTOR
Second Floor Circulation

111. SERVICES:
 Water distribution system through raw water
tanks.
 Electrical systems located at the basement
meaning the guards can easily operate the
systems.
 Security systems with security guards, cameras
and detectors.
 Generator backup.
 Communications systems through telephones,
internet.
PARKING:
 Surface parking for 20 bikes and 5 cars.
 No provisions for basement parking.
 Supervision by the staff.

112. SHORTCOMINGS:
 No provision for fire hydrants and fire exits.
 Relatively compact parking spaces.
 Lack of proper water distribution systems.
 Noise pollution from the surrounding area.

113. CASE STUDY IX (ETHIOPIAN AIRLINES)
INTRODUCTION:
 In cooperation with BET architects from Ethiopia, Söhne & Partner for
Ethiopian Airlines New Headquarters in Addis Ababa.
 Their design is intended to address the need of the airline’s growth, dynamic
operation and attaining its Vision-2025.

114. DESIGN APPROACH:
 The landscape, being an important part of the interior design, is flowing
through and underneath the building.
 The office blocks are cantilevered above the street level as a floating form to
represent the mountains, canyons or rocks.
 Bridges are the connecting elements as a symbol of connecting cultures and
nations. Like the landscape is flowing into the building, the lobby itself is
floating and rising and there are always connections from the inside to the
outside.
 Hence, the headquarter building has emerged to be a physical setting shaped
as a number of departmentalized random blocks and the semi-
external/internal voids in between the blocks allowing both human and
natural elements to flow through, exposing at the same time harboring the
internal circulation elements: the lobby, corridors, stairs, escalators, lifts,
and bridges within the voids created among the blocks.

115. CASE STUDY – X (HEARST TOWER)
INTRODUCTION:
 Constructed by I Norman Foster and Partners, the LEED gold-
certified structure showcases a stunning array of sustainable
strategies that have led to it being hailed as the greenest
skyscraper in the New York skyline.
 Hearst Corporate Headquarters is a conflux of both old and
new, combining an urban infill project with an adaptive
reuse overhaul and an amazing tower rising 44 stories from
the base of the original Hearst Headquarters

116. DESIGN APPROACH:
 The tower’s most noticeable feature is its multifaceted exoskeleton, which
allows for one of the most open interior space you’ll find in an office building
– there are no columns obstructing the 360 degree view of the New York
skyline from the interior.
 You enter the building through the original facade and continue via
escalators, set within a three-story, sculpted water feature "Icefall", to the
soaring atrium that occupies the entire floor plate and rises up through six
stories.
 Like a bustling town square, this dramatic space provides access to all parts
of the building. It incorporates the main elevator lobby, the Hearst cafeteria
and auditorium and mezzanine levels for meetings and special functions.
 Skylights views of the tower rising above, and the huge diagonal structural
supports for the tower, add additional drama to the space.

117. STRUCTURE:
 Structurally the tower has a triangulated form - a four-story tall
"diagrid" - a highly efficient solution that uses 20 percent less
steel than a conventionally framed structure.
 With its corners peeled back between the diagonals it has the
effect of emphasising the tower's vertical proportions and
creating a distinctive facetted silhouette.
SUSTAINIBILITY:
 The new building is also distinctive in environmental terms. It is
constructed using 85 percent recycled steel and designed to
consume 26 percent less energy than its conventional neighbours
LIGHTING:
 Among the many features are light sensors that control the
amount of artificial light on each floor.
 Based on the amount of natural light available at any given time
motion sensors will allow for lights and computers to be turned
off when a room is vacant.

118. SERVICES:
 The roof has been designed to collect rainwater, which will
reduce the amount of water dumped into the City's sewer
system during rainfall by 25%.
 Rainwater is used to replace water lost to evaporation in the
office air-conditioning system, and the "Icefall," where the
environmental function is to humidify and chill the atrium
lobby as necessary, uses harvested water.

119. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
TOPICS
PLANNING
MODULE
SEMI PUBLIC BUILDINGS
The banks in the case
study have opted for a
conventional planning
module putting emphasis
on privacy and security.
PRIVATE BUILDINGS
The modern bank
buildings in the case study
have tried to adopt
moderate approach,
adopting open and
conventional planning
module
INTERNATIONAL
In the International
case studies, it was
found that the banks
adopted open
planning in most
cases.
RESULT: Hence in Nepal, the banks put more emphasis on privacy of employers and assets alike
and the moderate module seemed most appropriate but in countries where advanced and
complex security systems have been followed the open planning seemed beneficial to both banks
and costumers
CONFERENCE
ROOMS
Generally limited to a
single conference rooms
for the whole bank.
Tried to incorporate a
conference room for every
department in the office.
Large conference
rooms along with
executie
conference rooms
RESULT: The conference rooms served both private and public needs ie meetings with a client as
well as private meetings of the bank staff.

120. CIRCULATION Generally through
staircases.
Mechanical lifts
used in the buildings
along with stairs.
Advanced
escalators, lifts used
for the public.
RESULT: The circulation in the bank buildings in an important part for the consumer as
documentation requires constant movement. Hence the use of lifts and escalators
could prove quite useful.
RESTAURANTS AND
FOOD COURTS
Located outside the
main bank building
as canteen.
Cafeteria housed
inside the building.
Food courts and
cafes available along
with fast food
delivery system
RESULT: Productivity would be increased and time would be saved if cafeterias are
present inside the building. They could also cater the needs of the costumers.
LIGHTING: Natural light
beautifully
manipulated and
provisions for
artificial light
Atriums and glass
facades providing
the necessary light
in a building.
Artificial and
Natural light used as
such that emissions
are reduced and
efficiency is
achieved.
RESULT: Its high time that we started using efficient lighting systems in Nepal to solve
the energy crisis.This can be achieved through use of efficient bulbs and proper plan.

121. PARKING Generally poor
parking facilities for
the consumers.
Surface and basement
parking facilities
provided in buildings.
Generally surface
parking with large
spaces included in
original plan with
future expansions.
RESULT: Parking is an important aspect of any corporate building. The needs of the consumer
must me kept in mind while designing and ordinances for parking must be followed.
SERVICES AND
SECURITY
Poor management of
services with less
provisions for fire
hydrants, water
supply etc. Modern
facilities for security
not utilized properly.
The modern fire
hydrant systems with
proper security with
cameras, sensors etc.
All the state of the art
facilities in terms of
security and services
available in the
building.
RESULT: The services and security are an important part of an building. Especially in banks,
the security measures like the sensors, monitors with a security rooms seems particularly
necessary.

122. ANALYTICAL CONCLUSION
 The context and background of the corporate sector must be studied whilst
designing a corporate office.
 The planning module used in most cases were generally OPEN and
CONVENTIONAL type.
 The various index provide an insight to planning an office space in a building.
 The anthropometry and planning module has an important role in creating a
proper space.
 In most cases the employees in an office would have a cubicle as their
workstation.
 Conference rooms are integral part of an office and are spaces for plan
formulation
 Circulation through lifts and escalators provide ease of access.
 The services and security if maintained properly helps in the smooth operation
of the corporate offices.

123. CONSTRUCTIVE RECCOMENDATION
 The study of the site and context would be an invaluable information before
designing any corporate building.
 The climatic conditions of an area also has a huge role in design process,
hence proper study of the site is required.
 In Nepal, the moderate planning module would go a long way in addressing
the needs of the offices and the costumers.
 The needs and demands on the employees must be given great care as they
are the productive force of an corporation,
 Its high time offices started adopting the minimum safety in terms of hazards
like fire, theft etc. Use of new devices and systems would definitely create a
safe working environment.
 The design standards must be set and met by corporate offices, so that others
can learn a lesson in sustainability.

124. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We would like to thank Ar. Sher Bahadur KC (CEDA), Mr Yog Raj Pandey, MR
Renu Pandey (Branch Manager KIST), Ar. Suman Manandhar (VAASTU),
D’Architects,Mrs Bimala Thapa (Buddha Air) and all others who have lend us
their invaluable support in this project.
 We would also like to thank all our teachers, seniors,juniors and friends for
their continuous guidance and moral `support throughout this project.