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1. THE FLEXIBLE BUS SYSTEMS USING ZIGBEE AS A
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
Introduction:
The main objective of this paper is to do a research on the use of short range wireless
technology called “Zigbee” in Demand Responsive Transit (DRT), making it much more
efficient, reliable, and less expensive. This research is not the only way to develop this kind of a
system and by no means suggested the best solution but it can definitely be one of the better
alternatives we have till date and can be used in the areas where there are no 3G, WiMax or other
long range wireless technologies available. Till now Zigbee is being used as in-house or invehicle technology but this research brings an idea of using Zigbee as communication tool for
Inter-Vehicle and Vehicle to Infrastructure.
Using Zigbee to communicate between Bus and the Bus Stop will also reduce the total
cost of the system as Zigbee devices are far cheaper than Wi-Fi, 3G and WiMax devices. Due to
the fact that Zigbee is low power as compared to other short range wireless technologies like WiFi, this system can be deployed in mountainous areas where power is a major concern. The
algorithm of Flexible Bus System is devised in a way that this system replaces the scheduled bus
lines systems and buses can dynamically change their routes according to passenger’s demands.
Passengers are informed about the real time location of the buses which makes it easy for the
passengers to decide whether to ride a particular bus or not making this system passenger
friendly.
Existing System:
Existing systems are carried out in a way that communication medium is long range
Wireless technologies like 3G (cellular data). Everything in the System is connected to the
Control Centre and all the information is shared with the Control Centre. Communication
between Bus and Control Centre is through 3G; similarly communication between Control
Centre and Bus Stop is through 3G. Installing the 3G modules on Bus Stop and Bus which are
more than 1 in most of the cases will greatly increase the total installation cost of the system.
Following are some drawbacks to this approach.
1. Installation cost is very high.
2. Maintenance cost is very high.
3. High power consumption.
4. Cannot be applied in areas where there are no long range wireless (3G, WiMax) signals
available (rural or mountainous areas).
Proposed system:
The proposed bus system called “The Flexible Bus System” has two sections. One is the
bus stop section other is the Bus Module section. In the Bus stop section, we have RFID reader,

2. Zigbee module. Once the passenger has come to the bus stop he may enquire about the bus
arrival in the bus stop itself (ie) where the bus is currently now. After showing the RFID tag and
pressing the Destination key in the keypad. Then the system will request for the specific bus to
send its GPS value. Then the GPS value is displayed in the LCD.
In the Bus module we have Zigbee module, GPS module, RFID reader. The using GPS
module can able to locate its current location. For receiving the passenger, a key is pressed to
open the gate, and then the gate motor will run to open it. Once the passenger is entered inside
the door will be closed by pressing another key. After that, the passengers are asked to show
their Tag in the reader. The passenger has to show the tag and press dedicated key for the
destination. Then the respective amount will be drawn from his account. If the bus stop module
requests the bus module, it will respond through zigbee.
Block Diagram:
Bus Stop Section:
Power
Supply
Zigbee
Module
UART
control circuit
RFID
Tag
RFID
Reader
8051
LCD
Micro
Controller
Keypad

3. Bus Module:
GPS
Module
Power
Supply
Alarm
UART0 RX
control circuit
ARM7
RFID
Tag
RFID
Reader
UART1
Zigbee
Hardware requirement:





ARM7 LPC2129, 8051 microcontroller
RFID Reader, Tag
Zigbee, GPS Module
LCD, Alarm
Motor driver, Motor
Software requirement:
 Keil Compiler
 Proload
 Flash utility
Advantage:
 Highly reliable
LCD
LPC2129
Keypad
Motor
Driver
Door
Motor

4.  Efficient way to provide an automation among the passenger and the bus