ieee 2012 projects for m tech btech ece eee embedded systems@ srcembedded solutions- hyderabad. web:www.srcembedded.com, ph-8297 313 858 mail:srcembedded@gmail.com

1. Robust Railway Crack Detection Scheme
(RRCDS)
Using LED-LDR Assembly
Abstract:
In India, most of the commercial transport is being carried out by the railway network
and therefore, any problems in the same has the capacity to induce major damage to the
economy-notwithstanding the societal impact of loss of life or limb. This paper proposes a cost
effective yet robust solution to the problem of railway crack detection utilizing a method that is
unique in the sense that while it is simple, the idea is completely novel and hitherto untested. The
paper discusses the technical, design aspects in detail, and provides the proposed robust crack
detection algorithm. The paper also presents the details of the implementation results of the
RRCDS utilizing simple components inclusive of a GPS module, GSM Modem and LED-LDR
based crack detector assembly. The proposed scheme has been modeled for robust
implementation in the Indian scenario.
Existing System:
The finding of cracks in railways tracks takes time consumption due to manual checking.
It reduces the accuracy too. This method of design is having limited intelligence and time
consuming.
Proposed System:
The core of the proposed crack detection scheme consists of a Light Emitting Diode
(LED)-Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) assembly that functions as the rail crack detector. The
principle involved in crack detection is the concept of LDR. In the proposed design, the LED
will be attached to one side of the rails and the LDR to the opposite side. During normal
operation, when there are no cracks, the LED light does not fall on the LDR and hence the LDR
resistance is high. Subsequently, when the LED light falls on the LDR, the resistance of the LDR
gets reduced and the amount of reduction will be approximately proportional to the intensity of
the incident light. Therefore, when light from the LED deviates from its path due to the presence

2. of a crack or a break, a sudden decrease in the resistance value of the LDR ensues. This change
in resistance indicates the presence of a crack or some other similar structural defect in the rails.
In order to detect the current location of the device in case of detection of a crack, a GPS receiver
whose function is to receive the current latitude and longitude data is used. To communicate the
received information, a GSM modem has been utilized. The function of the GSM module being
used is to send the current latitude and longitude data to the relevant authority as an SMS. The
aforementioned functionality has been achieved by interfacing the GSM module, GPS module
and LED-LDR arrangement with a microcontroller. DC motors drive the robot and relays were
used to control the motors.
Block Diagram:

3. Power supply
Max232
Signal
Conditioning
Circuit
GPS
Receiver
GSM
Modem
LDR
LCD
Microcontroller
AT89C51
LED
Motor
Driver
Motor
Driver
Motor
Driver
Hardware Requirements:
 AT89C51 Microcontroller with Power Supply
 LDR and LED
 LCD
 Max232
 GSM Modem
 GPS Receiver
Robot
Mechanism

4.  Robot Mechanism
Software Requirements:
 Embedded C
 Keil Compiler
Advantages:
 Exact location of crack in railway track is detected.
 Inspection time and error rate is very less.
 Easy to implement and low cost technique