A look at succession and biomes with an Oregon slant.

1. Ecology II
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2. Term Definition
Habitat A place where organisms live
Population A group of individuals of the same species in a particular
location.
Community All of the populations of species in a given area.
Ecosystem The community, together with the physical and
chemical environment of a particular area.
Biosphere All the earth's ecosystems interacting with the physical
environment. This includes all life as well as the earth itself and
the atmosphere.
Ecological
Niche
The role an organism plays in its community, including its habitat
and its interactions with other organisms.
Succession The series of changes in a community over time.
Pioneer
species
These are the first species to occupy a new habitat, starting new
communities
Climax
community
This is the stable community that is reached, beyond which, no
further succession occurs.
Taiga Russian word meaning swampy moist forest, boreal forest
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3. Two types of succession
A. Primary Succession
1. starts with bare rock or there is little or no soil
2. first stage is called pioneer.
a) plants that can break down rock with acids —
pioneer species
3. often takes an extremely long time, as no soil and few
available nutrients for plants
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6. B. Climax Community
1. final, stable stage plants are called the climax species.
2. when an area has these plants it is called a climax community.
3. Examples:
a) New England forest: beech, sugar maple, or white birch
b) Southeastern forest: oak, hickory, or pine
c) Northwestern forest: Western Hemlock, Western Redcedar
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7. D. Secondary Succession
1. When climax habitat destroyed then
secondary succession takes place.
2. Causes of destruction:
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Volcanic Activity Flood/Landslide
Tsunami Wildfire

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E. From Lake to Forest
1. sediments collect on
bottom of lake filling it
in
2. goes through same
stages as forest
3. becomes marsh, then
bog, then land

11. • Bozeman Science https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V49IovRSJDs
• Succession Flash Presentation
http://www.mrphome.net/mrp/succession.swf%20ion%20Flash%20Presentation
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A large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal
groups, which are adapted to that particular environment.

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15. 1. Rainfall is 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) a year
2. Temperature range is -12 to -6°C or 10 to
20°F
3. Location(s): Northern Latitudes, Artic &
Antarctic
4. Special feature: layer of frozen ground year-round
called permafrost.
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Lichens reindeer mosses
low shrubs grasses
arctic foxes, wolves, and
polar bears
lemmings, voles, caribou,
arctic hares and squirrels
mosquitoes, flies, moths,
grasshoppers, blackflies and
arctic bumble bee
ravens, snow buntings,
falcons, loons, sandpipers,
terns
Producers
Consumers

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21. 1. Rainfall is 40-100 cm a year
2. Temperature range is -40°C to 20°C, average
summer temperature is 10°C
3. Location(s): 50° and 60° north latitudes ,
Canada, Russia
4. Special feature: fog & low evaporation creates
wet, acidic rain.
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spruce Some birch, maple
fir pine
hares, chipmunks, shrews bear, weasel, lynx, fox, wolf
woodpeckers, hawks Moose, deer, elk
Producers
Consumers

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Special feature of all forests:
A. layers are called strata
B. a series of layers is called
vertical stratification
C. layers include
1. top : canopy
2. upper middle: shade-tolerant
understory
3. Lower middle: ground
layer
4. bottom: forest floor
D. each of these layers has
their own set of
enviromental conditions

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1.Rainfall is 75 to 150 cm a year
2.Temperature range is -30°C to 30°C, yearly avg.
10°C
3.Location(s): Eastern United States, Canada,
Europe, China, and Japan
Maple, Oak Beech, Chestnut
Bedstraw, rhododendron Elm, Hickory
Black bears Fox
Chipmunks, squirrels Raccoons
Producers
Consumers

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http://www.glogster.com/rhyannon/temperate-deciduous-forest/g-6mdce3v1mvv0es731ekrha0?old_view=True

27. Temperate Coniferous Forest or Temperate Rainforest
1. Rainfall is 50 to 200 cm a year
2. Temperature range is -30°C to 30°C, yearly avg. 10°C
3. Location(s): Western United States, Canada, Europe,
China, and Japan
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pine, cedar, fir, redwood red alder, bigleaf maple,
mountain ash
Douglas-fir, Sitka spruce rhododendrons, daisies,
dandelions
mountain lion, bobcat,
timber wolf, fox, and black
bear
deer, elk
squirrels, rabbits, skunks great horned owls,
woodpeckers,
Producers
Consumers

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30. 1. Rainfall is 125 to 660 cm a year
2. Temperature range is 34 °C to 20 °C with high
humidity
3. Location(s): near the equator, Tropic of Cancer 23.5
S to Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 N
4. Special features:
A. no climax species
B. poor (not fertile) soil
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Orchids, mosses, lichens 2,500 species of vines
Shrubs, Epiphytes (air
plants)
broad-leaved evergreen trees
Gorilla sloth spider
monkeys
Toucans, parrots, macaws
Snakes, tree frogs Leopards
Producers
Consumers

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http://www.imageek.biz/13183-tropical-rainforest-biome-page-5

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33. Other names; prairie, steppes, savanna (tropical)
1. Rainfall is 50.8 to 88.9 cm; 50.8 to 127 cm (savanna ),
2. Temperature range -40° C to 38° C
3. Location(s): middle latitudes, in the interiors of continents:
Argentina, USA, Russia, Africa
4. Special features: Rich top soil
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Grasses Cottonwoods, oaks, and
willows — along rivers
Buffalo Grass, Sunflower, Asters, Goldenrods, Clover
Coyotes, eagles, bobcats,
wolfs, turkeys, Geese,
crickets, beetle, bison,
meadowlarks
Giraffes, zebras, buffaloes,.
snakes, worms, termites,
beetles, lions, leopards,
hyenas, and elephants
Kangaroos, dingo, emu
Producers
Consumers

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36. Desert
Types: hot & dry, semiarid (Oregon), coastal, cold
1. Rainfall is 2-4 cm a year
2. Temperature range is 38°C (day), -3.9°C (night) avg.
3. Location(s): 15° and 35° lat. N. & S. equator ; Mojave,
Sonoran, Chihuahua, and Great Basin
4. Special features:
a) little plant vegetation
b) wide spacing of plants
c) Organisms are highly adapted to water shortage
i. cacti have spines & succulent stem(s)
ii. kangaroo rat excretes highly concentrated
urine
iii. most animals are small in size
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37. 5 Desert
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Cacti, mesquite, creosote
bush
Juniper, pines, Joshua Trees
Rabbit Brush, Sagebrush Grasses, paintbrush, lupine
Jackrabbit, kangaroo rats,
ground squirrels
Snakes, lizards
Hawks, Turkey Vultures,
Roadrunners
Wolves, coyotes
Producers
Consumers

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Biome Precipitation Temperature Soil Plants Animals
Tundra
Taiga /
Boreal
Temperate
Deciduous
Forest
Coniferous
Deciduous
Forest
Tropical
Rain Forest
Desert
Grassland

40. Color the map according to the clues listed below. You may need to look at a map of North America if you
get stuck. Place a check mark in the box once you have completed that step.
1. The dotted lines represent the border between the U.S. and Mexico and Canada. All other lines show biome borders. Color the U.S.
borders (dotted line) red.
2. Northern Canada and Alaska are tundra –color the tundra light blue
3. Most of Canada is boreal forest. Color the boreal forest dark green.
4. The west coast of the U.S. is mainly Temperate forest where California is. The east coast, all the way to the center of the countryis also
Temperate forest. Color the Temperate forest light green.
5. The Midwest (middle of the country) is temperate grassland. Color the grassland yellow.
6. The eastern edge of Mexico and Central America, Hawaii, and the Caribbean Islands are all tropical rain forests. Color those purple.
7. There is a northwest coniferous forest located in the far corner of the U.S (northwest). Color the northwest coniferous forest brown.
8. The great lakes and the lakes in Canada are freshwater. Find each freshwater lake and color it pink.
9. The bodies of water surrounding the continent are salt water. Color the coastal areas dark blue.
10. The western region of the U.S. as well as Northern Mexico is desert. Color the desert orange.
11. The western edge of Mexico is temperate forest. Color it the same color as you did the other temperate forests.
12. Color code the squares at the bottom to match your biome colors.
13. Label the countries: U.S.A., Canada, Mexico
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