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WHY CARS AND CITIES DON’T MATCH
Alexander Ståhle, CEO & PhD
alexander.stahle@spacescape.se
www.spacescape.se
SPACESCAPE ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN
SPACESCAPE
Why cities?

SPACESCAPE
Cities create proximitynärhet och flöden?
Vad skapar
Fungerar planen som det var tänkt?

Vad gör en attraktiv plats?

SOFO

SPACESCAPE
Proximity creates interaction

SPACESCAPE
Interaction creates livability

SPACESCAPE
Livalibility creates value

Stockholm appartment prices 2011

SPACESCAPE
Value is 90% walkability in Stockholm

Urban qualities

Appartment prices in Stockholm region
SPACESCAPE
“Walkability command a premium of $4-34,000”
CEO for Cities (2009)

”Drivable suburban”

”Walkable urban”
SPACESCAPE
Density increases walkability

SHOPS

RESTAURANTS

DENSITY
ÖREBRO

SHOPS

DENSITY
STOCKHOLM

DENSITY
GÖTEBORG

SPACESCAPE
Travel

Density decreases car use

Density

Dunphy RT and Fisher K (1996)

SPACESCAPE
Density allows for public transport

“An advanced city is where even the rich
use public transportation” Enrique Peñalosa, ITDP
SPACESCAPE
Office value

Car accessiblity do not affect
appartment prices or office rents in Stockholm

Public transport accessibility

SPACESCAPE
Failing office areas

Infra City, Upplands Väsby

SPACESCAPE
Inside failing office areas

Inside Infra City, Upplands Väsby

SPACESCAPE
Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
SPACESCAPE
Photoshop Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
SPACESCAPE
Why cars and cities don’t match…

1. People in cars do not interact
2. Car traffic segregates people
3. Cars destroys urban livability

SPACESCAPE
People in cars are less social

New study on “road rage” (Gatersleben, Murtagh, White 2013):
•Car use has negative effects on urban communities by affecting social perceptions.
•More car use through a relatively poor area is associated with less positive views of that area.
•More walking through a relatively poor area is related to more positive views of the area.
•Attitudes towards young people are more negative when they are seen from a car.
•Attitudes towards young people are most positive when seen from a pedestrian perspective.
SPACESCAPE
Problem 1: Sprawl means more people in cars

SPACESCAPE
Problem 2: Car traffic decreases social interaction

Livable streets, Donald Appleyard (1981)
SPACESCAPE
Problem 3: Space with cars destroys urban life

Allmänna vägen, Göteborg 1910
SPACESCAPE
SPACESCAPE
SPACESCAPE
Ciclovia Bogota

SPACESCAPE
CicLAvia, Los Angeles

SPACESCAPE
Champs Elysées, Paris

SPACESCAPE
Regent street, London

SPACESCAPE
Summer Streets, , New York

SPACESCAPE
Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

Broadway, New York

SPACESCAPE
Rightsizing streets and ”road diets”

BEFORE

AFTER

Bridgeport Way, University place

BEFORE

AFTER

East Boulevard, Charlotte
SPACESCAPE
New street design guidelines for rightsizing

New York

Chicago
SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal

Park East Freeway, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal

Park East Boulevard, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal

Octavia Boulevard, San Fransisco

Cheonggye Expressway , Seoul,

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal

Big dig, Boston

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal

Söderleden, Stockholm

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Globen

Nynäsvägen, Stockholm

SPACESCAPE
Urban highway removal
Globen

Söderstaden, Stockholm

SPACESCAPE
Highways and urban design don´t mix

Rinkeby

Ursvik

Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg
SPACESCAPE
Highways and urban design don´t mix

Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg

SPACESCAPE
Space syntax shows pedestrian proximity

Rinkeby

Ursvik

SPACESCAPE
SPACESCAPE
Car highway city

People network city

SPACESCAPE
“If you can make it there…”

SPACESCAPE
SPACESCAPE ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGN
Alexander Ståhle
CEO & PhD
alexander.stahle@spacescape.se
www.spacescape.se
SPACESCAPE

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Why Cars and Cities Don't Match