1. The Long Reach of Early Math Skills Greg J. Duncan Department of Education University of California, Irvine

2. How important are school-entry and K-5 mathematics skills for: School achievement High school completion and college enrollment Crime in early adulthood

5. Early Skills and Behaviors

6. Early Skills and Behaviors

7. Early Skills and Behaviors

8. Simple associations with later achievement

9. Simple associations with later achievement

10. Effects on later achievement

11. Effects on later achievement

12. Effects of persistent K-5 problems on high school dropout

13. Effects of persistent K-5 problems on high school dropout

14. Effects of persistent K-5 problems on never attending college

15. Effects of persistent K-5 problems on being arrested (males only)

16. Summary Early math skills (controlling IQ) correlated most strongly with future school achievement Children with persistently low K-5 math skills: More likely to drop out of high school Considerably less likely to attend college