Research Communication and New Media - Towards Becoming an Active and E-visible Online Scholar

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
AARHUS UNIVERSITET2
RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
& NEW MEDIA
TOWARDS BECOMING AN ACTIVE AND E-VISIBLE
ONLINE SCHOLAR
WORKSHOP 1 AT SANDBJERG POLSCI PHD SEMINAR
AUGUST 25, 2016
STEFFEN A. GJEDDE – SAG@AU.DK

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http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/
2012/04/19/blog-tweeting-papers-worth-it/

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WORKSHOP 1
This workshop aims at
making you able to decide on whether or not you are interested (and subsequently feel
confident) in expanding your usage of online applications in your scholarly practice
by facilitating discussions and introducing you to various information (definitions, links, tools,
tips, angles, stories, best practice examples, references, etc.) within the dynamic field of
scholarly online presence.
Presentation is available on SlideShare.

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#1 DISCUSSION POINT
Through which channels do you presently share or
debate your academic work and thoughts with the
scholarly and/or public community?

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DIGITAL LITERACY
https://www.jisc.ac.uk
/guides/developing-
digital-literacies

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THE DIGITAL SCHOLAR
Weller (2011: 4):
 ”A digital scholar … [is] someone who employs digital, networked and open approaches to
demonstrate specialism in a field”.
At today’s workshop focus is delimited to the digital distribution of your scholarly knowledge,
that is sharing and debating your academic work and thoughts with professional and/or
public communities in formats widely accessible through the internet (given your audience
have the necessary platform licenses or user accounts).

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EXAMPLES OF DIGITAL DISTRIBUTION
Sharing and debating your work through:
 e-books and e-journals
 emailing with your colleagues
 personal website, institutional or data repositories (e.g. PURE, SSRN, Dataverse)
 blogs
 Web 2.0 sites (Figshare, Scribd, Slideshare, Cloudworks, YouTube, Wikipedia, etc.)
 social media networks (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn)
 scholarly social media networks (Mendeley, ResearchGate, academia.edu)
 e-presence at conferences
 …

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SOCIAL MEDIA FOR SCHOLARLY USE
Carrigan (2016: 10-12):
 ”A medium is something that stands between two things or people and facilitates
interaction between them”.
 Social media characteristics are persistency, visibility, spreadability and searchability.
 ”These characteristics […] allow us to connect with large and/or engaged audiences
without having to negotiate established gatekeepers and they offer new ways of working
collaboratively within our fields and beyond them”.

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http://www.phdontrack.net
/share-and-publish/where-
to-publish

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Carrigan (2016: 6-7):
 ”Every time I look at my screen, the world of social networking and online sociality has
changed and begs to be reinterpreted … [but] while social media will change, the core
activities for which academics will use social media will remain the same”.

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Main features and common functions of social media networks (Ward et al., 2015):
 Making a user profile (to read newsfeeds, join groups, make friends, follow other scholar’s
activities, discuss their research, and set up your bibliographic records)
 Communicating with other members (by offering and soliciting opinions on work in
progress)
 Networking (by tagging your research interests, collaborating, and sharing your research
[articles, presentations, data sets, negative results, grey literature, notes, drafts, …])
 Directing attention (to your profile and to your research)
 Forming thematic groups
 Searching for and managing academic literature

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PROFESSIONAL USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Van Noorden (2014)

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GETTING STARTED
Goodier & Czerniewicz (2012)

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GETTING STARTED
Rinaldi (2014) redrawn from Bik & Goldstein (2013)

AARHUS UNIVERSITET2 http://en.startpublicering.nu/instructions/how-do-i-become-visible/

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#1 INTRODUCING APPLICATIONS
https://figshare.com/articles/101_Innovations_in_Scholarly_Communication
_the_Changing_Research_Workflow/1286826

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MAKING YOUR PROFILE
Carrigan (2016: 106-107) on crafting an online identity:
 Tell a story with your bio, e.g. https://twitter.com/yanisvaroufakis
 Listing facts is important as well, e.g.
› Your institutional affiliation
› Your research interests
› Other accounts you’re involved with
› Your personal interests
› Hashtags you contribute to
› An institutional disclaimer
› An additional website

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MAKING YOUR PROFILE
Stacy Konkiel has recently (July 2016) written two exceptionally relevant blog posts:
 A ‘quick and dirty’ guide to building your online reputation
› https://www.altmetric.com/blog/building-your-online-reputation/
› Create an outreach strategy engaging yourself only in things helping you to reach your personal goals
› Choose a headshot that will make you appealing and approachable online
› Write a bio to help explain both experts and non-experts what you do
› Select a handful of social media tools that you want to use
› (Tips on how to deal with aggressive or offensive behavior online)
 19 time-saving tools for successful online engagement
› https://www.altmetric.com/blog/tools-online-engagement/

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Scholarly profile, institutional repository, and sharing your work (Open Access)
 PURE http://medarbejdere.au.dk/en/pure/
› Profile examples
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/ABA@ps.au.dk
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/jthaysen@ps.au.dk
› Examples of registering and sharing your work through PURE
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/persons/gert-tinggaard-svendsen(3120607f-1a68-4c03-8b46-
026937c9f3b8)/publications.html
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/causes-of-fiscal-illusion-lack-of-information-or-lack-of-
attention(30bfdab8-d04f-479c-a9b2-4da18f87516e).html
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/fdi-in-extractives-in-uganda-linkages-and-issues-for-the-local-
economy(dcb9a0ff-b792-4455-86a1-d76633507e5e).html
› Autumn 2016: BSS new way of registering your work in PURE – more information will come..!

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Scholarly profile, linking to and sharing your work (OA), and finding other researchers
 ResearchGate https://explore.researchgate.net/display/support/Help+Center
› Example https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Kjeldsen2
› Further readings http://blog.impactstory.org/impact-challenge-day-2-researchgate/ and
http://blogs.exeter.ac.uk/openresearchexeter/2013/11/06/74/
Scholarly profile, reference management, reading and annotating pdf’s, linking to and sharing
your work (OA), and finding other researchers
 Mendeley http://libguides.dtu.dk/mendeley
› Example – perhaps ask Kristian Jensen for an introduction (at least to some of the features..!)
› Further readings http://blog.impactstory.org/impact-challenge-mendeley/ and
http://en.startpublicering.nu/background-articles/mendeley

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COMPARING ONLINE APPLICATIONS
http://osc.universityofcalifornia.
edu/2015/12/a-social-
networking-site-is-not-an-open-
access-repository/

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TWEETING AND BLOGGING
 About twitter (http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2011/09/29/twitter-guide/)
› Build up followers
› Use twitter at conferences and in the department
› Tweet about your new publication
› Tweet about the stuff you cannot put in a peer reviewed publication
› Use hashtags # to make your article more visible – don’t be afraid to make up your own
› Use twitter together with a blog (e.g. a department blog with multiple authors to keep it
frequently updated)
› Twitter is exceptionally good for reaching out to external audiences (future
opportunities for collaboration)

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TWEETING AND BLOGGING
 About blogs (http://www.slideshare.net/JeannetteEkstroem/making-your-researchvisiblemay2014/48)
› Blogging is a platform where you can communicate and discuss your research before,
during, and after you have published
› When you blog, you increase the visibility of your research both within and outside
academia
› As with twitter, you can blog about the ”stuff not in the real publication” with link to the
publication
› Tweeting in combination with blogging can be very strong
 Impact (M. Terras) http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2012/04/19/blog-tweeting-papers-worth-it/
› Tweet between 11am and 5pm GMT, Monday to Thursday in a working week..!

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Communicate with various groups of people, link and direct attention to your work
 Twitter (twitter.com)
› Following a person (e.g. Julian Christensen) https://twitter.com/julianhupka
› On hashtags http://www.contentious.com/2009/03/08/hashtags-on-twitter-how-do-you-follow-them/
› Further readings http://medarbejdere.au.dk/en/faculties/business-and-social-sciences/news/news-
article/artikel/aarhus-bss-i-twittersfaeren/
 Blogging (creating your own on typepad.com, www.wordpress.com, blogger.com, …)
› Example (M. Lynch) http://abuaardvark.typepad.com/
› Further readings http://en.startpublicering.nu/background-articles/blogging-and-enhanced-academic-visibility/
 Facebook (facebook.com)
› Example (search for Michael Bang Petersen)

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COMPARING ONLINE APPLICATIONS
Bik & Goldstein (2013)

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 Open Monograph Press (AU Library) – providing your ‘grey literature’ with a DOI and publishing
(http://ebooks.au.dk/index.php/aul/index)
› Further readings http://newsroom.au.dk/en/news/show/artikel/faa-dine-tekster-udgivet-som-e-boeger-gennem-au-library/
 ORCID – your unique researcher ID consolidating name variations across media and profiles
(http://medarbejdere.au.dk/en/pure/orcid/)
› E.g. Emily Cochran Bech http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-8199
› Remember to include your ORCID on your AU profile, e.g. http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/sag@au.dk
 Google Scholar Citations – track your citations (https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/citations.html)
› E.g. Roman Senninger https://scholar.google.dk/citations?user=TyfqcC4AAAAJ&hl=eng
 Figshare – share your research output (figures, datasets, papers, posters, presentations, etc.) in a citable,
shareable and discoverable manner (https://figshare.com/about)
 Dataverse – share, preserve, cite, explore, and analyse research data (http://dataverse.org/about)
 Slideshare – share your presentations (http://www.slideshare.net/)

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QUESTIONS…

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#2 DISCUSSION POINT
Discuss pros and cons in general when digitally
sharing your academic work and thoughts.
Discuss in groups of 3-5 and share your thoughts in Padlet
Link https://padlet.com/sag/discussion2

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IS PUBLISHING CHANGING?
Gideon Burton: www.flickr.com/photos/wakingtiger/3157622458/
www.slideshare.net/cirasella/open-access-which-side-are-you-on-oa-week-2013/8

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OPEN SCIENCE
Fecher & Friesike (2014)

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CREATIVE COMMONS
About the licenses
 Video https://vimeo.com/13590841
› https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/licensing-types-examples/
› https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/
“Creative Commons helps you legally
share your knowledge … [by providing]
free, easy-to-use copyright licenses to
make a simple and standardized way to
give the public permission to share and
use your creative work on conditions of
your choice”. https://creativecommons.org/about/
http://copyright.ubc.ca/guidelines-
and-resources/support-
guides/creative-commons/

AARHUS UNIVERSITET2
COPYRIGHT AND SHARING
 Traditionally, publishing your work through journals, books, etc. has often implied
exclusively handing over to the publisher the right to use your article.
 Now, with the growing OA discourse the publishers start to meet some of the OA demands
(though basically on their own terms).
 Examples of various rights to access and share your research article:
› www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php (e.g. search for ‘Public Opinion Quarterly’)
› From Taylor & Francis email to ………: “Share online access to your article with up to 50 colleagues by forwarding this
eprint link ……… or by adding it to your social media profile. Research suggests that early readership drives citation
levels up”.
› From Wiley contract (section C.2.) to ………: “Accepted Version. Re-use of the accepted and peer-reviewed (but not
final) version of the Contribution shall be by separate agreement with Wiley-Blackwell. Requests for permission
should be addressed to the Wiley-Blackwell permissions department at Journalsrights@wiley.com”.

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Possible options when getting ready to publish in order to maintain the right to reuse your
work:
 Fight for your right! (e.g. by using UBVA’s contract proposals as an alternative to the
publisher contract, see http://ubva.dk/vejledende-aftaler/ [in Danish])
 Choose the least OA restrictive journals (e.g. ‘Journal of Democracy’ or https://doaj.org/)
 Submit to publisher regulations
 Find alternative ways of publishing your work
 …

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Sharing pre- or postprints of your article:
› A preprint is the version of the article submitted to the publisher before it was edited and approved.
› A postprint is the version of the article that was approved for publication, but is not yet in the journal's layout.
Postprints are also defined as the author's final version of an accepted article, i.e. after any corrections by peer
reviewers have been inserted, but before being formatted/given the layout for the journal.
 Graphical overview of pre- and postprints http://www.openaccess.dtu.dk/english/Guide
 Find out more about journal/publisher regulations by…
› Reading your publishing contract signed with the publisher (concerning the specific article)
› Consulting the publisher’s website on guidelines for sharing articles
› Searching the journal title/publisher name on the SHERPA/RoMEO homepage for overall guidelines on
journal/publisher open access policies http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/search.php

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 When posting a pre- or postprint version of your article it would be a good idea to fully
specify (perhaps even on each page) that the posted document is not the final version, as
well as instruct how to cite the posted document.
 Examples of postprint versions with notifications:
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/persons/lars-thorup-larsen(f66eb120-788a-42b4-9117-
e41fd8724115)/publications/governing-health-care-through-free-choice-neoliberal-reforms-in-denmark-and-
the-united-states(bfe295ea-a14a-4813-b9a0-77e4de2b7299).html
› http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/persons/andreas-broegger-albertsen(a1ba707b-c25f-4565-b367-
2349c452aa9d)/publications/unjust-equalities(88bfff85-bee4-4d17-b01a-76f6e2b8a5ee).html

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 “In late 2013, Elsevier sent 3,000 notices to Academia.edu and other sites […] demanding
that they take down papers for which the publisher owned copyright. […] One researcher
who received a take-down request did not want to be named, but told Nature: ‘I hardly
know any scientists who don’t violate copyright laws. We just fly below the radar and hope
that the publishers don’t notice’.” Van Noorden (2014)
 It is both the user’s and the uploader’s responsibility to comply with copyright rules when
using or uploading material.
 You may link to material uploaded legally.
 The rules are complex – seek advice when in doubt..!

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MEASURING SCIENTIFIC IMPACT
Waltman & Visser, CWTS workshop, Copenhagen, November 25, 2015.

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ALTERNATIVE METRICS
Bornmann (2014: 895):
 ”Altmetrics is a term to describe web-based metrics for the impact of publications and
other scholarly material by using data from social media platforms (e.g. Twitter or
Mendeley)”.
 An alternative to the traditional bibliographical metrics (bibliometrics) such as publication
counts or citation counts as featured in Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar.
 Views, downloads, clicks, notes, saves, tweets, shares, likes, recommends, tags, posts,
trackbacks, discussions, bookmarks, and comments are the potential data being collected.

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ALTERNATIVE METRICS
Ward et al. (2015):
 Altmetrics are widely used as early indicators of article impact and usefulness.
› Should not be used for measuring good or bad quality research.
 Statistically significant association between altmetrics and number of citations (in medical
and biological sciences).
› But the correlation magnitude between altmetrics and citations are unknown.
 No signs are indicating that a scholar’s presence in the social media will come to replace
the reputation computed by traditional bibliographic methods.

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Altmetrics, e.g.
 www.bookmetrix.com regarding Springer books (http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319000251)
 www.altmetric.com, www.impactstory.org, plumanalytics.com/products/plumx-metrics/
› On the technicalities of social media metrics, see Thelwall & Kousha (2015)
› Further readings http://www.whatarealtmetrics.com/
 Two examples of Altmetric measurements:
› Green-Pedersen et al. (2015): http://dx.doi.org.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/10.1017/S0007123415000022
› Laustsen & Petersen (2016): http://www-tandfonline-
com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/doi/full/10.1080/10584609.2015.1050565

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SUMMARIZING TODAY’S TOPICS
 Discussed where you presently distribute your work and thoughts
 Sketched the characteristics of social media networks and how they are being put to use
 Introduced guidelines on how to get started or to further develop your online presence
 Introduced different online applications facilitating communication, sharing, and
networking and compared some of these applications to each other
 Discussed pros and cons when distributing your scholarly knowledge digitally
 Briefly mentioned Open Science and the Danish requirements to Open Access publication
(PhD workshop on Open Access hosted by AU Library is on the drawing board..!)
 Outlined copyright and Creative Commons perspectives when sharing your work
 Talked about scientific impact and alternative ways of measuring your impact

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GETTING STARTED
Weller (2014): http://www.slideshare.net/mweller/open-scholarship-social-media-libraries/25

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#3 DISCUSSION POINT
Personally, what do you consider being the biggest
motivation or hindrance towards implementing ‘new’
digital ways of distributing your academic work and
thoughts?

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WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT…
Library tools for researchers
 Q&A’s about publishing and scholarly visibility http://en.startpublicering.nu/
 On being a (new) PhD http://www.phdontrack.net/
 101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication https://innoscholcomm.silk.co/
 List of tools/sites mentioned in survey about scholarly communication practice
https://101innovations.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/101-innovations-survey-english.pdf

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Guidelines to getting started and how to benefit from engaging in social media
 Bik, H.M., & Goldstein, M.C. (2013). An Introduction to Social Media for Scientists. PLoS
Biology, 11(4), e1001535. Retrieved July 21, 2016, from
http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001535
 Carrigan, M. (2016). Social Media for Academics. London: SAGE. AUL link:
https://www.statsbiblioteket.dk/au/?locale=da#/search?query=recordID:"sb_6236916”
 Goodier, S., & Czerniewicz, L. (2012). Academics’ online presence: A four-step guide to
taking control of your visibility. Retrieved July 21, 2016 from
http://openuct.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/Online%20Visibility%20Guidelines.pdf
 Konkiel, S. (2016). A ‘quick and dirty’ guide to building your online reputation. Altmetric
Blog. Retrieved July 29, 2016 from https://www.altmetric.com/blog/building-your-online-
reputation/?platform=hootsuite

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Being a researcher in a digital world
 Bartling, S. & Friesike, S. (eds.) (2014). Opening Science. The Evolving Guide on How the
Internet is Changing Research, Collaboration and Scholarly Publishing, Cham: Springer
Open. AUL link: https://www.statsbiblioteket.dk/au/?locale=da#/search?query=recordID:"ebog_ssj0001089982”
 Carrigan, M. (2016). Social Media for Academics. London: SAGE. AUL link:
 Ward, J., Bejarano, W. & Dudás, A. (2015). Scholarly Social Media Profiles and Libraries: A
Review. Liber Quarterly, 24(4), 174-204. Retrieved July 26, 2016 from
https://www.liberquarterly.eu/articles/10.18352/lq.9958/
 Weller, M. (2011). The Digital Scholar. How Technology Is Transforming Scholarly Practice,
London: Bloomsbury Academic. AUL link:

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Open Science
 Open Access http://medarbejdere.au.dk/en/open-access/
 Open Research http://whyopenresearch.org/
 Graphical overview of pre- and postprints (guide to OA)
http://www.bibliotek.dtu.dk/english/servicemenu/publish/openaccess/Guide
 Fecher, B. & Friesike, S. (2014). Open Science: One Term, Five Schools of Thought, pp. 17-
47 in Bartling, S. & Friesike, S. (eds.) Opening Science, Cham: Springer Open.

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 Elsevier guidelines for sharing articles
› http://www.elsevier.com/connect/elsevier-updates-its-policies-perspectives-and-services-on-article-sharing
› http://www.elsevier.com/about/company-information/policies/sharing
› http://www.elsevier.com/authors/journal-authors/sharing-and-promoting-your-article
 SAGE guidelines for sharing articles
› http://www.sagepub.com/authors/journal/permissions.sp#7
 Springer guidelines for sharing articles
› http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/self-archiving-policy/2124
› http://www.springer.com/gp/open-access/authors-rights/faq-about-authors-rights/2114
 Taylor & Francis guidelines for sharing articles
› http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/copyright/sharingYourWork.asp
› http://journalauthors.tandf.co.uk/pdfs/guide-for-reusing-content.pdf

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OTHER REFERENCES
 Bornmann, L. (2014). Do altmetrics point to a broader impact of research? An overview of benefits and
disadvantages of altmetrics. Journal of Informetrics, 8(4), 895-903. AUL link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/science/article/pii/S1751157714000868
 Rinaldi, A. (2014). Spinning the web of open science: Social networks for scientists and data sharing,
together with open access, promise to change the way research is conducted and communicated.
EMBO Reports, 15(4), 342-346. Retrieved July 26, 2016 from http://embor.embopress.org/content/15/4/342
 Thelwall, M. & Kousha, K. (2015). Web indicators for research evaluation. Part 2: Social media metrics. El
profesional de la información, 24(5), 607-620. AUL link:
http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=d1cb66f2-61cd-4c5c-a624-
3385a4aeda1c%40sessionmgr4009&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=109989171&db=bth
 Van Noorden, R. (2014). Online collaboration: Scientists and the social network. Nature, 512(7513),
126-129. AUL link: http://www.nature.com.ez.statsbiblioteket.dk:2048/news/online-collaboration-scientists-and-the-social-
network-1.15711

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AU LIBRARY – HERE TO HELP..!
 AU Library website
› On publishing, copyright, PURE, bibliometrics, Open Access, ORCID, plagiarism, …
› http://library.au.dk/en/researchers/
 AU Library, Aarhus BSS contact information
› Steffen A. Gjedde http://pure.au.dk/portal/da/sag@au.dk

2 SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
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Research Communication and New Media - Towards Becoming an Active and E-visible Online Scholar

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