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Shakespeare 1
- 1. Shakespeare: His Life and Times
- 4. Who was he? • Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English Literature. • Poet and dramatist • Wrote 38 plays – comedies, histories, tragedies. • Composed about 154 sonnets and a few epic poems. • Started out as an actor.
- 5. Early Life • Born 1564—died 1616 • Stratford-upon-Avon • Parents: John Shakespeare and Mary Arden • Mary—daughter of wealthy landowner • John—glovemaker, local politician
- 6. Location of Stratford-upon-Avon From: http://www.where-can-i-find.com/tourist-maps.html
- 7. Stratford-on-Avon in Shakespeare’s Time As reproduced in William Rolfe, Shakespeare the Boy (1896).
- 8. Stratford-upon-Avon Today From Stratford’s web site: http://www.stratford-upon-avon.co.uk/index.htm
- 10. Education • Attended grammar school in Stratford • Educated in: • Rhetoric • Logic • History • Latin • Literature
- 11. Married Life • Married in 1582 to Anne Hathaway (who was eight years older than he) and had their first daughter, Susanna (1583). • Had twins, Judith and Hamnet, in 1585. His only son, Hamnet, died as a young boy. • Sometime between 1585-1592, he moved to London and began working in theatre.
- 13. Theatre Career • Member and later part-owner of the Lord Chamberlain’s Men acting company, later called the King’s Men • Globe Theater built in 1599 by L.C.M. with Shakespeare as primary investor • The Globe Theatre burned down in 1613 during one of Shakespeare’s plays
- 14. The Globe Theater 1599
- 15. The Rebuilt Globe Theater, London
- 17. The New Globe Theater 1999
- 18. The Plays • 38 plays firmly attributed to Shakespeare • comedies • histories • tragedies • Possibly wrote three others • Collaborated on several others • Which plays have you heard of?
- 19. Comedies • The Taming of the Shrew • Much Ado About Nothing • As You Like I • Twelfth Night • A Midsummer Night’s Dream
- 20. Tragedies • Hamlet • Romeo and Juliet • Othello • King Lear • Macbeth
- 21. Histories • Henry V • Henry VIII • King John • Richard II • Richard III
- 22. The Poetry • Two major poems • Venus and Adonis • Rape of Lucrece • 154 Sonnets • Numerous other poems
- 23. Shakespeare’s Language • Shakespeare did NOT write in “Old English.” • Old English is the language of Beowulf: Hwaet! We Gardena in geardagum Þeodcyninga Þrym gefrunon Hu ða æÞelingas ellen fremedon! (Hey! We have heard of the glory of the Spear- Danes in the old days, the kings of tribes, how noble princes showed great courage!)
- 24. Shakespeare’s Language • Shakespeare did not write in “Middle English.” • Middle English is the language of Chaucer, the Gawain-poet, and Malory: We redeth oft and findeth y-write— And this clerkes wele it wite— Layes that ben in harping Ben y-founde of ferli thing… (Sir Orfeo)
- 25. Shakespeare’s Language • Shakespeare wrote in “Early Modern English.” • EME was not very different from “Modern English,” except that it had some old holdovers.
- 26. Shakespeare’s Language • Shakespeare coined many words we still use today: • Critical • Majestic • Dwindle • And quite a few phrases as well: • One fell swoop • Flesh and blood • Vanish into thin air See http://www.wordorigins.org/histeng.htm
- 27. Shakespeare’s Language • A mix of old and very new • Rural and urban words/images • Understandable by the lowest peasant and the highest noble
- 29. A theatrical convention is a suspension of reality. No electricity Women forbidden to act on stage These Minimal, contemporary control the costumes dialogue. Minimal scenery
- 30. Soliloquy Types of Aside speech Blood and gore Audience Use of supernatural loves to be scared.
- 31. Use of disguises/ mistaken identity Last speaker—highest in rank (in tragedies) Multiple murders (in tragedies) Multiple marriages (in comedies)