based on maharashtra board 2015 syllabus. class12

2. Structural Formula Chemical Formula
CH3COOH
or
CH3CO2H
=

3.  Methanoic acid
 Total of one
carbon atom
(meth-)
 C0H1COOH
 Ethanoic acid
 Total of two
carbons atoms
(eth-)
C1H3COOH
 Propanoic acid
 Total of three
carbon atoms
(propan-)
 C2H5COOH
*Take note of the functional group’s location, highlighted by the
dotted box

4.  Replace the ‘e’ with ‘oic acid’ at the end of
the name of the hydrocarbon
Example:
H H
H C C H
H H
ethane
H O
H C C O H
H
ethanoic acid

5. Since these are acidic compounds, therefore easily
lose H+ ion and covert in carboxylate ion (RCOO-)

6.  Hence carboxylic acids can be represented by to
resonance structures.
 COOH is less electrophile than aldehyde and
ketone.
120̊̊
planer structure
sp2 hybridized

7. 1. From primary alcohol and
aldehyde(O)
2. From alkyl benzene(O)
3. From Nitriles and amides ( by
hydrolysis)
4. From Dry ice( by carboxylation of
Grignard reagent)
5. From acyl chlorides and acid
anhydrides( by hydrolysis)
6. From esters ( by hydrolysis)

8. Example- 2-methylbutan-1-ol.

10. n- butylbenzene
Potassium benzoate

11. Chromic acid

12. Eg. CH3 –C≡N (acetonitrile)
CH3- CH2 - C≡N (propanitrile)
(HCl)
(NH4Cl)
(NaOH) (HCl)
Na
+ NaCl

13.  Eg. Phenyl magnesium halide.

14. R- CO – Cl + HOH → R-COOH + HCl
Acyl chloride acid

15. (CH3 –CO-)2O + H2O → 2CH3 –COOH
Ethanoic anhydride ethanoic acid
(C6H5 –CO-)2O + H2O → 2C6H5 –COOH
Benzoic anhydride benzoic acid

16. Ester heated with dil. H2SO4 undergoes
hydrolysis.
R-COOR’ + H2O → R-COOH + R-OH
Ester acid
Eg.

17. Ethanoic acid(acetic acid) is the most
important organic acid
It is used in vinegar as preservative and
flavourings.

21. Making of drugs, dyes, paints, insecticides,
plastics.
Making of esters.

22. Organic
acid
Where it is found
Lactic acid Sour milk
Oxalic acid Rhubarb plant
Citric acid Limes, lemons
Formic acid Insect bites
Tartaric
acid
Grape juice
Acetic acid Vinegar
Malic acid Apples and pears