Variation within species & mutations and selective advantage
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Variation within species & mutations and selective advantage
- 1. Variation Within Species & Mutations and Selective Advantage Patrick Zisser and Peter Dyloco
- 2. A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring Species
- 3. A part of a chromosome that governs the expression of a trait and is passed on to the offspring; it has a specific DNA sequence Gene
- 4. What is genetic variation?
- 5. Genetic Variation The different allele combinations in a species that cause differently expressed phenotypes and genotypes
- 6. Cause of Genetic Variation Order of bases in nucleotides
- 8. Factors in Genetic Variation Total variety of genetic information Independent Assortment Crossing over/random segregation Mutations Gene flow
- 9. Genetic Diversity: Total Variety of Genetic Information VS.
- 10. A permanent change in the genetic material of an organism, the only source of new genetic variation Mutation
- 12. Causes of Mutation Natural: Errors during DNA replication or meiosis Environmental Mutagens Radiation Viruses Transposons Chemicals
- 13. Natural: occurs during DNA replication or meiosis; when DNA is copied and before cell divides (S phase) 175 mutations vs. parent
- 14. Environmental: Mutagens - Radiation
- 15. Environmental: Mutagens - Viruses
- 16. Environmental: Mutagens - Transposons A segment of DNA that can become integrated at many different sites along a chromosome (especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole)
- 17. Environmental: Mutagens - Chemicals
- 18. Gene Flow The net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of animals
- 20. Cell death Cell malfunction Selective advantage
- 21. Cell Death and Malfunction
- 22. Mutations in somatic cell disappear after death of organism Only mutation in gamete cell may pass trait as new allele Note
- 23. A genetic advantage that improves an organism's chance of survival usually in a changing environment Selective Advantage
- 26. End.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- In some environments, mutations that were once neutral or a disadvatage may become beneficial. This is called a selective advantage. it gives a genetic advantage to the organism over its competitors. For example look at the water flea Daphnia. it normally lives in water that is 20 degrees celsius and it cannot survive in water 27 degrees celsius or higher. But some mutations can survive in temperatures between 25 and 30 degrees celsius.
- Other organisms like bacteria viruses and many insects reproduce very very rapidly. Some bacteria populations can double in under ten minutes. In populations that reproduce that quickly random mutations can be the key to survival. If the organism lives long enough to reproduce and pass on the genetic information then in time the whole population might gain the selective advantage. One mutation can mean the survival of an entire poulation.