1. ISO
INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION

2. I.S.O. OR ISO?
• ISO is not an acronym, but was derived from a
Greek word “isos” meaning “equal”. The relation to
standards is that if two objects meet the same
standard, they should be equal.
• The International Organization for Standardization is
a voluntary organization whose members are
recognized standard authorities, each one
representing one country.
• The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is
the United States Representative to ISO.
• ISO Main Headquarters in located in Geneva,
Switzerland.

3. SOME HISTORY
• (AQAP) Allied Quality Assurance Publication..WW11.
A series of publications on everything from
production efficiency to selection of suppliers.
• AQAP Series was adopted by the UK Ministry of
Defense for the British Arms Forces.
• A trickle down effect was more organizations began
to require Quality Assurance Programs from their
Suppliers.
• 1979 British Standard (BS) 5750 adopted based
largely on the AQAP Series. The British version
addressed the diversity issues emerging in the
requirements for different organizations.

4. MORE HISTORY
• BS 5750 was so effective, it was adopted with
very little changes by ISO in 1987 as ISO 9000.
• The formation of the European Union and the
perception that it (ISO) was required in order to
do business with Europe, lead to the
widespread acceptance of the ISO series.

5. MIL-Q-9858 & MIL-I-45208
USA
• ONE SIZE FITS ALL APPROACH
• NO ALLOWANCE FOR INNOVATIONS-
PROCESS MATURITY
• POTENTIAL CUSTOMER COST SAVINGS
LOST
• DETAILED DESIGN SPECS REPLACED
WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED SPECS.
• IN 1996, THESE MODELS WERE
SUPERCEDED WITH ANSI/ASQC Q-9000
SERIES

6. COMMERCIAL- MILITARY
INTEGRATION
1994-Acquisition Reform
• Reduce total ownership costs
• Reduce acquisition time
• Promote standardization of materials,
facilities,and engineering practices to improve
military readiness

7. DEFENSE STANDARDIZATION
PROGRAM
• Gov’t unique specifications were a barrier to
commercial-military integration
• Cancelled or inactivated thousands of
documents
• Greater reliance on the use of non-government
standards

8. EVERY ISO MEMBER BODY IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR:
• Informing potentially interested parties in the
country of relevant international standardization
opportunities/initiatives
• Ensuring that a concerted view of the country’s
interest is presented during international
negotiations leading to standards agreement
• Providing their share of financial support for the
central operations of ISO, through the payment of
membership dues
• Representing vendors, manufacturers, consumers,
professionals and government of it’s country

9. OTHER MEMBERS
• Correspondent Member-usually an organization in a
country which does not yet have a fully developed
national standards activity. Do not take an active part in
the technical and policy development work, but are kept
fully informed about the work of interest to them
• Subscriber Membership-established for countries
with very small economies. Subscribers members pay
reduced membership fees that nevertheless allow them to
maintain contact with international standardization.

10. HOW IS IT FINANCED?
• Membership dues-80%
• Sales of Standards and other Publications-20%
• Subscriptions are expressed in units and calculated in
Swiss francs
• Factors affecting dues: gross national product (GNP) and
Value of imports and exports
• Others expenditures: Voluntary time and travel for
approx. 30,000 experts (several hundred million Swiss
francs per year)

11. WHO DOES THE WORK?
• A highly decentralized hierarchy of some 2850 technical
committees, subcommittees and working groups. Hence the 30000
experts. The premise is that equal partners come together in the
resolution of global standardization problems
• Qualified representatives of;
industry
research institutes
government authorities
consumer bodies
international organizations from all over the world

12. THE GOAL OF ISO
• Enhanced product Quality and Reliability at a
reasonable price
• Improved health and safety and environmental
protection and reduction of waste-(ISO 14000)
• Greater compatibility and interoperability of goods
and services
• Reduction in the number of models and thus,
reduction in costs
• Increased distribution efficiency and ease of
maintenance
• Simplification for improved usability

13. ISO AND WTO
• Strategic partnership-common goal of
promoting free and fair global trading
• WTO agreements require underpinning by
technical agreements (ISO)
• ISO recognized by WTO for special technical
support in relationship to new and
expanded WTO programs

14. REGIONAL PARTNERS
• ISO has recognized regional standards
organizations representing:
Africa
The Arab Countries
Commonwealth of Independent States
Europe
Latin America
The Pacific area
South-East Asia Nations

15. (SOME) ISO “ACHIEVEMENTS”
• ISO Film Speed Code-among
photographic equipment standards, it has been
adopted worldwide to make things simpler for
the user
• Telephone & Banking Cards-
standardization of the format means that they
can be used worldwide
• Internationally Standardized Freight
Container-air, sea railways,highways
packages interface efficiently. Other
standardized documents identifying sensitive or
hazardous cargoes making international trade
cheaper, faster and safer.
• Paper Sizes-With ISO 216, standard paper
sizes allow economies of scale with cost
benefits to both producers and consumers
• Symbols for Automobile Controls-
well designed symbol conveys a clear cut
message in a multi-lingual world. These
symbols are displayed in automobiles over the
world, no matter where they were produced.
• 12,000 International Standards-more
than 300,000 pages in English and
French with terminology provided for
other languages
• Others:
Automobile bumper heights, sizes and colors
of road signs, hygiene and toxicity in the food
industry, nut /bolts combinations, light
measurement in photography, child resistant
packaging,standards for monitoring the state of
the environment and standards for safety of
machinery and protective clothing

16. ISO 9000 SERIES
• ISO 9001-applies to organizations that design, develop, produce, install and
service product (Tenergy Water, for instance)
• 20 sets of Quality System Requirements (Elements)
• ISO 9002-applies to organizations that produce, install and service product
• 19 sets of Quality System Requirements (Elements)
• ISO 9003-applies to organizations that assure Quality through Final Inspection and
Testing.
• 16 sets of Quality System Requirements (Elements)
(missing 4.4, 4.6, 4.9 and 4.19)

17. WHAT EXACTLY IS ISO 9001?
• A series of Standardized Quality System
“Frameworks” which are designed to detect and
prevent Quality problems.
• There are 20 Elements in the ISO 9001 Standard.
Each element outlines Quality issues which the
company is required to address as part of the
Quality System in order to be certified or
compliant.

18. THE ELEMENTS
• 1. Management Responsibility
• 2. Quality System
• 3. Contract Review
• 4. Design Control
• 5. Document and Data Control
• 6. Purchasing
• 7. Control of Customer
Supplied Product
• 8. Product Identification and
Traceability
• 9. Process Control
• 10. Inspection and Testing
• 11. Control of Inspection,
Measuring & Test
Equipment
• 12. Inspection & Test Status
• 13. Control Of Nonconforming
Product
• 14. Corrective & Preventive
Action
• 15. Handling, Storage,
Packaging, Preservation &
Delivery
• 16. Control of Quality Records
• 17. Internal Quality Audits
• 18. Training
• 19. Servicing
• 20. Statistical Techniques

19. WHY THE NEED FOR CHANGE?
• ISO required 5-year standards review
• Difficult for small businesses
• Oriented towards manufacturing
• Proliferation of guideline standards
• Need to reduce documentation

20. SOME CHANGES
• ISO 9001-ISO 9002-ISO 9003 (3 Stds) will
become ISO 9001:2000 (1Std)
• 20 Sections(Elements) Structure will become
main 5 Sections based on 8 Principles
• From a Quality Management System to a
Business Management System