As the construction is one of the prime activities identified to receive re-cycled waste in variety of forms and materials, using waste material in the construction has a great potential to replace some other material which helps in reducing the cost of construction. This powerpoint talks about reducing the energy usage by manufacturing the materials from the industrial wastes and agro wastes.Moreover it accounts the immense opportunities presented by material composites to replace traditional materials as timber, steel, aluminum and concrete in buildings, their benefits, properties and specific purposes

1. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
International Conference On Human Habitat
Topic-Affordable Housing
SubTopic-Selection Of Building Materials,Use of
Material Composites and Recycling Of Waste in
“Affordable Housing”
Authors-
Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect
Ar,Sarita Deshpande. Professor and Practicing Architect
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

2. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
1.Construction Sector accounts for 5% of the GDP
2.Gross Annual business Volume : Rs.230,000 crores
3.Growth Rate : 6-8% in recent years
4.Construction is the second largest employer after agriculture
5.Employs about 18 million persons directly and 14 million indirectly
6.Doubled its share in total employment from 2.8% in 1983 to 5.4% in 2003-04
7.Recorded highest growth rate in employment in the last two decades
8. About 80 % of the cost of a typical house is on material component and 20% of
the cost on labour component.
9. Activities in building and construction consume about 40% of total global raw
material each year
Construction Sector Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

3. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
24.71
10.56
8.23
7.57
7.18
7.36
6.93
National Building Organisation
Source: National Buildings Organization
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Some Facts –Housing Stock In India Ar,Sarita Deshpande

4. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
23.43
19.86 20.07 19.44
17.24
15.20
12.65 12.82
11.65
9.70
7.25 7.89
6.19
4.66
1.95
Houseless Population In India Ar.Suvarna Lele
Source: Registrar General of India
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

5. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Materials 2001-06 2006-11
Residential Residential
Urban Rural Urban Rural
Cement (ton) 124.26 49.01 195.89 77.26
Steel (ton) 13.64 5.22 21.80 8.23
Timber (cu.m.) 8.40 5.87 13.24 9.26
Bricks (000’ nos) 318.29 281.60 501.76 443.92
Demand for key building materials
Source: BMTPC
Ar.Suvarna Lele
How can we meet this demand? Ar,Sarita Deshpande

6. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Development Life Cycle Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

7. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Building Processes Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

8. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Construction-
Demolition-
Construction
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Material flowMaterials
Life cycle of in a building life Ar,Sarita Deshpande
cycle

9. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Life Cycle of Materials Ar,Sarita Deshpande

10. Cost Effective And Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Energy Efficient Construction. Architecture
STRATEGIES
Pre Buiilding Building Post-Building
Use Material- 1.Schedule Construction 1.Adapt existing structures
1.Made up of Renewable To reduce site impact. To new users and
Sources. Programs.
2.Provide waste seperation
2.Harvested or extracted facilities. 2.Re use building
Without ecological component and materials.
Damage. 3.Use non toxic materials
to protect construction 3.Recycle building
3.Recycled. workers as well as users. Components and materials.
4.Recyclable. 4.Specify regular 4.Reuse the land and
Maintainance with existing infrastructure.
5.Long lasting and low Non toxic cleaners
maintainance. 3.Recycled.
Material Selection in
6.Minimise energy required Ar Suvarna Lele
All Three
For distribution. Ar Sarita Deshpande
Phases of building

11. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Criteria's for Material Selection-
1.Pollution prevention in Manufacturing.
2.Recycling of wastes in Manufacturing
3.Reducing embodied energy and Use of
Natural Materials
4.Use of Local Materials
5.Energy Efficiency.
6.Use of Non-toxic Materials
7.Longitivity,Durability and Maintenance Of
Materials
8.Recyclability and Reusability
9.Biodegrability
Ar Suvarna Lele
Ar Sarita Deshpande

12. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Waste Management
1.Recycling and reuse of construction waste
on the same site or different sites.
2.Recycling and reuse of Agro wastes and
Industrial wastes.
3.Use of wastages in composites.
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Waste Management Ar,Sarita Deshpande

13. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Fundamentals Of Recycling Ar,Sarita Deshpande

14. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Options In Recycling Of Wastes Ar.Suvarna Lele
Demand For Key Building Materials Deshpande
Ar,Sarita

15. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
1.Diversion/Recycling Rates for Local Processing Facilities
2.Construction and Demolition Recycling
3.Design Specifications and Waste Management Plans
4.Build a Successful Diversion/Recycling Program
5.Cost–Effectiveness of Jobsite Diversion/Recycling
6.Design for Disassembly (DfD)
7.Prevent Jobsite Waste
8.Deconstruction and Salvage
A successful Construction RecyclingRecycling
ASuccessful Construction
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

16. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Wastages per sector.
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Estimated Total Annual Waste Arising by Sector
Estimated Total Annual Wastes Arising By Sector
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

17. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Approximate Break-up of total Construction Cost in Materials
and Labour Cement
18%
Iron & Steel
Labour
10%
27%
Bricks
17%
Aggregate
8% Sand Timber
7% 13%
Can we substitute these Energy Intensive Materials?
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Materials and Labour Costs Ar,Sarita Deshpande

18. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Reasons In Generation Of Construction Wastes Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar.Sarita Deshpande

19. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Collection Of Materials Ar.Suvarna Lele
Collection of materials for disposal Deshpande
Ar,Sarita

20. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
From Source To Application
From Source to application
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

21. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Timber planks Bricks
Metal scrap
Plastic scrap Aluminium scrap
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Material Wastematerials attained Sites Ar,Sarita Deshpande
Types Of waste attained From from construction sites.

22. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Wood waste ground into mulch can be
used in a variety of ways on a
construction site:
1.Erosion control material for
disturbed areas
2) Mulch berms to aid silt fencing in
erosion control
3)Protecting Tree Root Zones
4)Road and walkway stabilization for
crews
Recycling Of Wooden Waste5)Landscaping Ar.Suvarna Lele
Re use of wooden waste Ar,Sarita Deshpande

23. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
The main component of drywall is gypsum. This material is a resource that can be
used to help establish the lawn around the new home.
Scrap Brick and Block become usable aggregate that can be used on your job site.
Options In Recycling Of Wastes Ar,Sarita Deshpande
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Gypsum and Brick recycling

24. Resource and Energy Saving through Use of Natural Fibres
and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials
Waste and Commercial product Traditional resource Energy
source using natural fibre fully or partly saved %
& agro-waste
1. Coir fibre Coir fibre-cement Asbestos 10
(coir industry) roofing sheet & panels
2. Rice husk Rick-husk- cement Resin (PF or UF) 20
(Rice mill) building board bonded particle
board timber
3. Ground nut Ground nut- hull- Resin-bonded 20
hulls (Oil mills) cement building board particle board timber
4. Jute fibre Jute-fibre-polymer Timber, metal 10
(Jute mills) bonded panel;
door and window
5. Cotton waste Cotton-lint-cement Gypsum, timber 25
(Textile mills) bonded board
Use Of Natural Fibres and Agro wastes in Building Materials

25. Resource and Energy Saving through Use of Natural Fibres
and Agro-Wastes in Building Materials
S. Waste and Commercial product Traditional resource
Energy
N. source (using natural fibre fully or partly saved %
& agro-waste)
6. Bagasse Bagasse-polymer- Timber fibres 30
(Sugar mills) bonded boards (in insulation board)
7. Corn cobs Corn cobs-cement Timber, polymer 40
(Corn mill) bonded boards
8. Sisal fibre Sisal fibre-polymer/ Asbestos fibre, 20-15
(Sisal plant) cement bonded Timber
roofing sheet, door, window
9. Rice straw Compressed and Timber, Polymer 40
&Wheat straw paper covered
(Farms) board
10. Banana fibre Banana fibre + Timber, Traditional 25
(Banana plant) cotton pulp/paper Timber, Traditional
ulp and polymer light weight mineral
insulation boards viz. vermiculite or mica
Use Of Natural Fibres and Agro wastes in Building Materials

26. Industrial wastes, main chemical constituents, source and
potential use
S. No. Industrial Average Chemical Constituent Source Particulate composite in
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO which used
1 Flyash 55 25 12 2.5 2.0 Thermal power plants Aggregate, cement, brick,
cellular concrete
2 Blast furnace slag 35 15 1.5 40 6 Steel plants Aggregate, cement, block
3 Byproduct
gypsum9 5 1.0 2.0 1.5 0.5 Phosphoric acid Hydrofluoric Gypsum plaster, boards,
acid plants cement additive, block
4 Mine tailings 60 5 10 12 5 Fl, Cu,Zn, Ni, Sn ore Blended cement, filler in
beneficiation concrete, calcium
silicate, cellular concrete, brick
5 Byproduct lime 10 3.5 2.5 80 5 Sugar, paper, leather, Lime, masonry cement,
sludge acety lime lants lime, mortar, plaster
Recycling Of Industrial Waste

27. 6 .Laterite waste 20 40 30 5 5 Cutting of laterite blocks Building
block, aggregate
roads
7 .Red mud 15 18 35 4 5 Aluminium plants Cement,
Cement, brick paints,
(15 Tio2) tiles,
filler in FRP
8. Metallurgical slag 32 35 10 2.5 1.5 Alloys plants Aggregate,
blended cement
bricks and blocks
9. Broken glass 70 5 2 10 5 Glass, ceramic, brick plants Aggregate,
flooring, roofing
& ceramics
10. Stone quarry
Waste 80 5 5 5 5 Stone quarrying Blocks,
aggregate, flooring
paving
11. Limestone waste 10 7 5 70 3 Limestone quarrying Aggregate,
flooring, masonry
and lime kilns
cement, blocks
Recycling Of Industrial Waste

28. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Building Elements Developed by BMTPC Ar,Sarita Deshpande

29. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Building Elements Developed by BMTPC
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Building Elements by BMTPCfrom Wastes
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

30. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Building Elements Developed by BMTPC Ar,Sarita Deshpande

31. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Building Elements Developed by BMTPC Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

32. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Building Elements by BMTPCfrom Wastes Ar,Sarita Deshpande

33. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Integrity Block Composite Decking and Railing Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer
Integrity Block
(FRP)
(www.archithings.com)
Vast Composite Pavers, The cast steel counterbalance Johnson Hardie Plank
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Some Elements Developed From Composites Ar,Sarita Deshpande

34. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Auroville Earth Center
Compressed Stabilised Earth Blocks Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

35. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
Environment-friendly, Energy-efficient Technologies
Wood substitute Doors Building Materials from Agro-wastes
Jute Polymer Rubber wood
sections Building Materials from Industrial wastes
sections
Are We Ready Toready This?
Are we Use to use?
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

36. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Industrialized house
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

37. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Steel frame
Plain
Exterior
cement
sandwiched
sheet chajja
panels
cut and
case study of a industrialized house
nailed to
Photos showing exterior of the house
the facade
Industrialized house
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

38. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Brief Material
specifications
•M.S. Channel framing
•Sandwiched cement sheet
walling
•Gypsum board paneling from
inside.
•Steel sheet roofing.
•Steel / aluminum windows
•Particle board both side
laminated doors
•Ceramic tile flooring
•Gypsum acoustical and heat
insulated false ceiling.
• Standard finishes and
services.
Industrialized house Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

39. ICHH-2010 Sound and heat College of
Rizvi
Architecture
insulated false ceiling
50 mm thick sandwiched panel
tongued and grooved
Features
•Super structure can be erected in 5-6 days
•Dry construction
•Cost reduction due to mass production
•Cost of constuction is 500/ sft approximately half of the conventional.
Industrialized house Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

40. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
Features
• Super structure can be erected in 5-6 days
• Dry construction, so saving in water.
•.Several recyclable and reusable materials can be
•Used in constructions as recycled steel, particle boards
and wastages of tiles.
• Cost reduction due to mass production
• Cost of construction is Rs500/ sft which is
approximately half of the conventional cost of onstruction.
• Thermal and sound insulation.
• Flexibility of planning and finishing.
• It can be constructed as load bearing structure also.
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Industrialized house Ar,Sarita Deshpande

41. ICHH-2010 Rizvi College of
Architecture
•It becomes necessary to adopt the use of alternative
building materials & Construction technologies due to
adverse effect of using scarce resources carelessly and
eventual rise in the cost of the project.
•The affordable housing should be seen in relation with
the selection of ecological and economical materials, usage
of recycled wastes and composites which can considerably
affect the economy and ecology of construction
•Product selection can begin after the establishment of
project-specific environmental and economical goals.
Conclusion
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande

42. Rizvi College of
ICHH-2010
Architecture
THANK YOU
Ar Suvarna Lele
Ar,Sarita Deshpande
References:
1.www.bmtpc.org
2.www.constructionwaste.sustainablesources.com
3.www.archithings.com
4.Agro wastes and composites-bmtpc
4.Auroville Earth Institute
5.National Conference on ‘Affordable Housing For All’-
By bmtpc,June2,Mumbai.
Ar.Suvarna Lele
Rizvi College Of Architecture
Ar,Sarita Deshpande