This presentation focuses on eco-city development initiatives in developing countries towards developing low carbon society. Rapid urbanization in developing countries may be the most significant demographic transformation in our century as it restructures national economies and reshapes the lives of billions of people. At the same time, urbanization has also contributed to environmental and socioeconomic challenges, including climate change, pollution, congestion, and the rapid growth of slums. But as a major style of residential environment, city, has been endowed new contents by new ideas ever emerged in the history and eco-city development has emerged as a way to address climate change issues in the context of developing sustainable cities in developing countries. Eco-cities have the potential to address many of the problems like climate change and socio-economic aspects associated with urban development, as does the concept of sustainable development in an urban setting. Drawing on lessons learned from the planning and development process of several low-carbon eco-cities, this paper explores the potential of an integrated urbanism approach for developing countries. The objective is not only to mitigate factors contributing to climate change, but to manage risk, maximize resilience, and promote the successful economic and social growth of the urban eco community in developing countries. An integrated urbanism approach to planning may give us the tools to leapfrog the environmental and public health costs of economic progress and create a new model for cities across the developing world.

1. WELCOME to THE PRESENTATION on Eco-CityDevelopment in Developing Countries : An initiative towards low carbon society* Presented by: Group 5 Md. Saidur Rahman, Bangladesh (Group Leader) Brando CabigasRazon, Philippines Syahyadi, Indonesia L Changhe, China Hinohara Hiroyuki, Japan MengMeng, China BRM, ADB 8 September 2011 * Presented in the 3rd Summer Course 2011 of Hiroshima University, Japan at Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China during 4-14 Aug 2011

3. The 2nd Summer Course 2010 jointly with Bogor Agricultural University at Bogor, Indonesia

5. reviews of technological options for key sectors - energy supply, transportation and energy devicesPaper will be published as ‘ Research Note’ in the Journal of International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Japan in March 2012 Issue

6. Technical Visits China produced 48% of the world's solar panels in 2010 – eqvt. to13 gigawatts electricity [China Daily] Solar power can deliver all the energy the world requires. Even in northern latitudes such as Cambridge, UK, enough radiation hits the city in 20 minutes to produce its entire power requirements for that day. Yingli Solar , Baoding, China

12. Way Forward-------------

13. Emerging Eco-City Concept One Point Linear Perspective:“The Ideal City“ in 1470 by Piero della Francesca "Moving into eco-cities does not mean people will sacrifice modern conveniences and go back to a primitive relationship with nature. It is a lifestyle that does little harm to the environment while meeting the human race's increasing demand for a better life." - Professor Wang Rusong, DG, Ecological Society of China. Howards’s Garden City (1898) inspired by the Utopian novel ‘Looking Backward’

15. Emphasis on public spaces and greenery

16. Comprehensive land use planning

17. Compact and geometrically integrated

18. Integrated with publictransport

19. zoning - setting of various facilities, community development etc

20. Usage of renewable energy

21. Application of new ICT management

22. Ensure public participation

23. Innovation of local technologies

25. Eco-City: Planning Issues & New-Urbanism Feet First Pedal Next PT Third Car May Be

27. high density commercial and residential development

29. Case Study 2: Sino-Singapore Tianjin, China City Profile Area: 34.2 km2 Population: 11.76 million (3rd largest) Location: 40km from Tianjin City and 150 km from Beijing An emerging eco-city in China A JV initiatives between the Government of Singapore and the Tianjin municipal government Features of the SSTEC Master Plan Integrated mixed-use zones in an “eco-cell” layout, a modular 400m by 400m grid Relatively high-density city enabling TOD 3-tiers integrated public transport ‘leading-edge’ green technology to public transit Energy consumption is at least 20% lower than the national average Solar energy be 30.7% of total renewable energy Efficient water use and solid waste management

31. Deserted saltpans, saline-alkaline non-arable land and polluted bodies of water made up a third of the area.

32. But now this land is full of greenery and offers a comfortable environment to work and liveKEY Indicators KPI 5: Carbon emissions per unit of GDP: ≤150 tonsper one million US$ GDP KPI 7: Proportion of Green Buildings: 100% KPI 11: Per capita domestic waste generation: ≤ 0.8 kg per day (by 2013) KPI 12: Proportion of Green Trips: 90% KPI 13: Solid waste recycling rate: 60% KPI 19: Renewable energy usage: 20% KPI 20: Water supply from non-conventional sources: at least 50% A solar photovoltaic power station in Golmud, Qinghai province.

33. Case Study 3: Dongtan, China Located on an estuary tidal flat at the east end of Chongming Island at the mouth of the Yangtze River, about an hour’s ferry ride from Shanghai Have the potential to tap renewable energy sources such as solar and wind The start-up area of 6.5 km2, housing 80,000 people. Targeted for completion in 2020, to have covered 30 km2 with a population of 500,000 by 2050. 1st eco-city in China (2003) proclaimed world’s first purpose-built carbon neutral city (ADB, 2010) 1st phase was scheduled to complete in 2010 before Shanghai World Expo However, it largely failed to materialize Problems and pitfalls Ill-designed in rural areas Questinable economic sustainability displaced farmers were not likely to be able to afford housing at the eco-city site, even with 20% of dwelling units designated as affordable housing Management problems confusion between design firm and state-owned developer Unplanned funding Political will and lack of citizen participation

34. Japan’s Eco-Model City Innitiatives

35. Japan’s Eco-Model City Innitiatives

36. Stockholm, Sweden Hammarby Model (1995)

37. Stockholm, Sweden Key Features City council aimed to be two times more sustainable than Swedish best practices (as of 1995) on a range of indicators: most notably, energy efficiency per square meter also water conservation, waste reduction and reuse, emissions reductions, reduced hazardous materials in construction, use of renewable energy sources, and integrated transportation solutions A project team was formed to integrate these efforts into a single directionled by a project manager and an environmental officer with key representatives from different city departments This model streamlines various systems of infrastructure and urban service delivery, and provides the foundation and blueprint for achieving many of the sustainability targets Initial Outcomes (World Bank 2010) 30% reduction in non-renewable energy use 41% reduction in water use 29% reduction in global warming potential 41% reduction in photochemical ozone creation production 36% reduction in acidification potential 33% reduction in radioactive waste

38. Lessons Learned for Developing Countries Many solutions are affordable even if budgets are limited many creative, practical, & cost-effective solutions simultaneously achieve greater benefits Success is achievable through existing proven technologies and new innovations depends less on new technologies and more on appropriate technologies Think globally, act locally approach city authorities should first look at the innovation taking place within own city boundaries Many solutions benefit the poor indirectly and directly fiscal gains in city expenditures & utility payments can free up money for social investment Leadership and continuity Strong leadership with technical backgrounds and political will Citizen ownership and eco-consciousness people’s active participation in city programs Local characteristics local situation, including its budget, capacity, social conditions in devising urban strategies Opportunities to Capitalize many opportunities created by rapid change and successful innovation

39. Achieving the Harmonies of Eco-City in Developing Countries

40. Achieving the Harmonies of Eco-City in Developing Countries

43. Thank You For Kind Attention ?