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Seedlings - Nursery
1.
2. Seedlings - Nursery
Chief Editor : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
E-mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : January 15, 2017
Serial No : 3 of 54
3.
4. Every farm needs a permanent nursery to raise
seedlings & saplings
Off season vegetables can also be grown in nurseries e.g.
Coriander, Methi in summer etc.
Why?
6.
Nursery – Raised Beds
6-8 inches high, 3 feet wide with 1.5 feet walkways
between adjacent beds
Never walk on the beds only in the walkways
Beds take an entire season to stabilize (3-4 months)
Beds should never be dismantled only repaired
Keep length same e.g. 15 feet so you can start keeping the
exact count of the seed
Contd.
Bed Preparation
7.
Nursery – Raised Beds
Making Bed
Pure, sieved leaf mould compost best for nursery beds – has no
pathogens
First time or whenever the beds are empty broadcast & grow variety of
green manure crop for 25 days, cut & use as mulch
This is like feeding nutritious salad for the bed
Horse gram, Moong , Cow pea etc. will decompose in 5-10 days & bed is ready for
sowing
Makes soil soft and workable and allows roots to go deep enough
Make Bed->Add leaf compost-> Work it in -> Add more leaf compost
Edges can be stabilized with wooden planks but not really required
Bricks not the best – Expensive & will disintegrate
Bed Preparation
10.
Nursery Beds - Seed Sowing
Prepare the seeds for sowing
Wash thoroughly if seeds have been chemically treated
Soak in Cow Urine for 30 minutes
Shade Dry
For Tomatoes etc. sprinkle Trichoderma to protect against root rot
Sowing Depth is 4 times the seed thickness
Make depression to required depth using a straight rod
Contd.
Sowing
11.
Nursery Beds - Seed Sowing
Sow the seed at the specified spacing
Space occupied by the seedling at 4-6 leaf (transplanting)stage determines spacing
If spacing too close, the seedlings will be thin, unhealthy & because of poor aeration prone to
pest attacks
Proper spacing will usually take care of pest and disease
Fill the depression with leaf mold compost
Will help even if seeds buried deeper by mistake
Water using garden hose, rose can or micro sprinkler to water twice
a day for 10-12 days
Drip is not suitable
Too much pressure can uproot the seedlings
Cover with paddy straw (or thin leaves or net) till seeds start
germinating
Keeps the seeds warm & provide the required darkness
esp. Celery, Leek & Onion
Remove cover after germination
Sowing
13.
Nursery Beds – Seedling Care
After 10-12 days (2-4 leaf stage), water only once a day
This hardens the seedlings and they have better root formation
Evening watering can cause fungal problems
For snail problems use thin layer of Hydrated Lime (Chunna) around
the nursery or in the alleys
For other pest problems, neem oil spray or gliricidia liquid manure
will usually suffice
Contd.
Sowing
14.
Nursery Beds – Seedling Care
For Thinning don’t pull out
Disturbs the roots of the seedlings
Either nip or cut with scissors
Weeding very essential.
At least 2-3 weedings required before transplanting
Fill soil around the seedlings at the time of the weeding
With Leaf Mold Compost, less weeds
Harden the seedlings by removing the shade net at least 6-7 days
before transplanting.
Otherwise you will lose 15-20%
Seedlings will be too thin. They will droop and not come up properly
Sowing
16.
Transplanting
Best time to transplant when 4-6 leaf stage
Harden by removing shade-net from top for at least 2 days to
acclimatize the plant
Remove seedlings so that the roots are surrounded by the original soil &
Micro-Organisms.
Transplant in evening after 4:00 p.m. (2 hours before sunset) & during
descending
Plant gets whole night to recover
Otherwise seedling takes 7-8 days to recover instead of 5 days
Spacing depends on size that it spreads eventually
Water immediately
If oversize, nip off the leaves to reduce transpiration losses
Cabbage, Cauliflower can go way inside
When Sowing & Transplanting you have to personally monitor
Transplanting
22.
Vegetables are picked every day or every other day so lunar
rhythms are difficult to apply
Picking should be done in morning when temperatures are low
say before 8:30 a.m.
Put in cold water preferably ice cold especially leafy vegetables
Dip and take out
Less you wash the better from storage point of view
Put in a crate in shade immediately
Don’t leave the crate in the sun otherwise heavy wilting due to
transpiration
Pack in thin wrap
Wilting because of transpiration
Chilling is done at 4 degree centigrade
Introduction
23.
Beans
Need to be picked before the seeds inside swell unless you want the seeds
as vegetable
Broccoli
Tie it just before it flowers. It swells up
Pick Broccoli with tender nutritious leaves on the sides.
Cut only the top portion
In 25 days, it will have side shoots – very small broccoli come on the sides
Cauliflower
Should not be exposed to sun i.e. people prefer white
Tie two leaves (break but still attached) around the head (should cover the
top portion where the sun comes in) to prevent yellowing.
Picking Tips
27.
Cabbage
Pick when they feel like a hard ball
After cutting 8-9 small button cabbages come out
Leave only two opp. each other. You will get 500 gms. Together
Give a Nitrogen boost by giving additional compost
This is possible for early cabbage sown in early November & you will
harvest in late march
Beet
For storage, Remove all leaves except the center one (will last longer 5-6
days)
Otherwise excessive transpiration losses
Beet root can be left in the field for longer time
Picking Tips
28.
Tomatoes
Will crack up if too much or too less water
Critical period for watering is when they begin to ripen
Pick as soon as they turn red
If some unripe tomatoes are still left at the end, remove plant with the roots
an hang it upside down & harvest over many days as they turn red
If tomato gets blight (burning & curling of leaves), remove & the tomatoes
as well as the plant
Picking Tips
30.
Carrot
Pick when the place where the leaf is coming out elongates i.e. becomes
like a stem
Remove all leaves except the center one
Radish
Pick when the place where the leaf is coming out elongates i.e. becomes
like a stem
Cool quickly after harvest
Remove all leaves for storage (except for immediate sale). Else it will wilt.
Picking Tips
33.
Sweet Corn
21 days (25-26 days) after silk comes out, you can harvest (break ) it.
Should be in milk stage. Open one and when pressed, it should splash
Sweetness deteriorates very quickly (within 2 hours) so best to pick when
you need it
To preserve, don’t remove sheath and dip in ice cold water
Blanching (dip in boiling water for 2 minutes) & store in deep freezer to
preserve for longer (6-8 months) periods
Brinjal
Pick when you press it, it should bounce back. That is the first time to pick
Picking should be done every second day, else production falls
Picking Tips
35.
Garlic
When the leaves start drying (50%), they can be pulled out
Shade dry for 4-6 weeks
Form plaits and hang as a bunch with a string
Keep big ones for next year’s seeds
Never remove skin of garlic
Spring Onions
Harvest when nice & green
Remove any burnt tips for marketing & put in water
Picking Tips
36.
Onions
Harvested when the leaves are totally dry
They can be pulled out or by digging parallel to the line
Take to a shaded area and cut the leaves leaving 4” & put them there for
drying
If you cut leaves right to the bottom, they will start rotting
Onions normally stored in wooden framework where air can go in. Also
can be hung like garlic but not generally done because of more space
requirement. Best is to adopt local cultural practices
Outer skin v.imp. for good storage
Picking Tips
37.
Peas
Best to pick just before you consume it for max. sweetness
For preserving put in ice water & refrigerate
Spinach
All leafy veg. should be picked first thing in morning
Pick outer leaves which will be uniform (3” or 4” long)
As soon as Spinach bolts it becomes bitter so last harvest before
bolting
Picking Tips
39.
Potatoes
Best storage if not washed
Harvested after 110 days
Don’t give any water for last 20 days – there will be no soil
attached to it and hence no cleaning
Protective skin builds up
Picking Tips
41. ISKCON Daiva Varnasrama Ministry
Promoting Rural Development in India
www.iskconvarnasrama.com
OM Sri Surabhi Campaign
www.srisurabhi.org
42.
43.
ABOUT THE
EDITOR
Name HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
Age and Gender 71, Male
Country/Province of Origin Canada, Ontario
Educational Degree and Year B.A, 1968, M.Ed., 2004
Educational Institution State University of Yogyakarta
Professional Work/Experience Social Worker/Counselor
Affiliation with ISKCON Since 1974
Present Service in ISKCON Minister, IDVM-India
