2. Invade- enter by force in order to take over
Chariot- two wheeled cart pulled by a horse
Empire- when one group controls many
others
Obelisk- tall stone column built to honor
gods
Tomb-room or grave where someone is
buried
3. The Old Kingdom weakened
◦ The Pharaohs lost power
◦ Kings fought for control of the land
4. New rulers took over and moved the capital
to Thebes
◦ Egyptians focused on art and writing
◦ Built canals
Canals were used to drain swampland
Canals connected the Nile River to the Red Sea
Improved trade
5. The Middle Kingdom only lasted a few
hundred years
◦ Invaded by the Hyksos (1700 BC)
Hyksos easily defeated the Egyptians
Used chariots
•Hyksos were cruel
-burned cities and destroyed temples
6. The Egyptians fought back against the
Hyksos
◦ They used chariots too
◦ The Egyptians drove the Hyksos out of Egypt
Pharaoh Ahmose defeating the Hyksos
7. The Egyptians used their army to expand
their empire
Egypt became one of the strongest and
richest empires in the world
◦ Built temples: for religious worship and schools
◦ Statues: obelisks to honor the gods
8. Pharaoh Hatshepsut was a woman
◦ She often dressed like a man
◦ Her reign (period under her control) was very
peaceful
Increased trade
Repaired damage created by the Hyksos
9. This couple believed that there was only one
god: The Sun God
◦ They built temples to honor The Sun God
The temples are open to let in the sun
The art from this period often shows the Pharaoh and
Nefertiti giving gifts to the Sun God
10. King Tutankhamen (Tut) became pharaoh
◦ He was only 9 when he became the leader of Egypt
◦ He is the most well known of the Pharaohs
His tomb was filled with may riches
It was discovered by archaeologist, Howard Carter
11. Pharaohs began losing power
◦ Egypt became weak
• Egypt was invaded first by the Kush
•Assyrians later controlled Egypt
13. During the Middle Kingdom, the Egyptians
continued to develop their art, writing and
trade
The Hyksos, who rode chariots, defeated the
Egyptians
The Egyptians fought back and drove out the
Hyksos
The New Kingdom became the strongest and
richest of all empires
