1. The Future of Manufacturing:
A Service Science Perspective
Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer
Director, IBM University Programs
October 3, 2013
Thursday 2-5pm at San Jose State University
For SJSU Lecture to Executive Delegation
2. Welcome to the new age of
platform technologies and
smart service systems
for every sector,
including manufacturing
3. Who I am
• Education & Startups – First Quarter Century
– 1974-78 MIT Physics, Bachelor of Science
– 1978-82 Startup: Verbex (employee #60, bought by Exxon)
– 1982-89 Yale Computer Science, PhD
• Specializing in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
• Consultant for Intelligent Tutoring System startups
– 1989 University of Rome LaSapienza in Italy, visiting scholar
• Silicon Valley & Big Businesses – Second Quarter Century
– 1989-98 Apple Computer
• Distinguished Engineer Scientist Technologist
• Learning Technologies (e.g., EOE, E/W Authoring Tools, WorldBoard, etc.)
– 1998-Present IBM
• User Experience Research (1998-99)
• Founding CTO IBM Venture Capital Group (1999-2002)
• Founding Director IBM Service Science Research Group (2002-07)
• Innovation Champion & Director Global University Programs (Since 2007)
• ISSIP, non-profit Service Innovation Professionals, Board of Directors (Since 2012)
4. Today’s Talk
• Vision: MMaaRRSS
– Modular Manufacturing as a Regional Recirculation Service System
– XaaS = Everything as a Service (value co-creation processes)
– Near zero waste, everything is an input to some process
– Doubling size of economy requires not only higher productivity
construction, but higher productivity deconstruction
• Trends: What’s In The News
– McKinsey, Servitization, My Tweets and Summary
• Innovation Framework: To get us there… and beyond!!!
– Near Future: Platform Technologies and Smart Service Systems
– Far Future: Utility Fog
– More on Silicon Valley, IBM, Universities, and Smarter Planet
– More on Service Science, Service Innovation, and ISSIP.org
5. Vision: MMaaRRSS
• Modular Manufacturing as a Regional
Recirculation Service System
– “I am the stuff that will be made into product X for
customer Y.”
– Stuff = Material, Energy, and Information Flows
– Minimize transport costs (for products and waste)
• The Vision: Circular Economy (~4 minutes)
6. Tomorrow: “I am the block that will be
made into product X for customer Y.”
• McKinsey.com/Insights (June 2013)
– The “Internet of Things” and the future of manufacturing
• Industrial Revolutions: Manufacturing Tech Platforms
– 1. Steam Engine
– 2. Conveyor Belt
– 3. IT and Automation (Phase 1)
– 4. Internet of Things/Logistics (Phase 2)
• “After the fourth industrial revolution, there will no
longer be a difference between information and
materials, because products will be inextricably linked
to “their” information.”
8. Servitization
• Start with ay traditional product that is sold to customers
• Make the product part of a smart service system
– Instrument it (sensors)
– Set-up an intelligent operation center to monitor all products’
performance across their life-cycles
– Use big data analytics to determine how to improve product
performance, efficiency, maintenance, etc.
– Offer customer the “product-performance-as-a-service” with
financing
– Customer benefits from cost-savings, predictability
– Provider benefits margin-improvements, predictability
• The product becomes a platform technology for innovative
university startups that teach about it, and research it
9. My tweets
• rethinking categories of manufacturing as service-like “@McKinsey_MGI: @TheEconomist on
#manufacturing http://t.co/ngsa19EO” Nov 22, 2012
• @auerswald pendulum swinging back now “@Forbes: Manufacturing may be coming back to the
U.S. - for the long term. http://t.co/2KcjdrCX” Sep 22, 2012
• Baxter the $22K manufacturing robot looks like a butler http://t.co/mbfAKtUn Building robots small
& medium-size companies, mini-computers? Sep 19, 2012
• Good read “@wadhwa: Forbes: The End of Chinese Manufacturing & Rebirth of US Industry
http://t.co/vVqD0jFW" watch this http://t.co/SE4uSkB2 Aug 17, 2012
• Automating clothing manufacture http://t.co/H9oOONIH Jul 21, 2012
• transforming manufacturing product and service innovation with people, process and technology
#cisco http://t.co/UYuxB5zz @SamMikhailCPE Jul 21, 2012
• RT @grapealope: "By 2020, everything will be personalized in the manufacturing field." Sophie
Vandebroek (hopefully in healthcare too!) ... Jul 19, 2012
• “@SamMikhailCPE: Apple wants U.S. #manufacturing, but it ain't that easy http://t.co/2ftMXejH”
deeper analysis please beyond dorms unions Jul 04, 2012
• RT @iftf: How Will Employment Change with the Expansion of New Technologies—like Robotics—in
Manufacturing? - http://t.co/24HeSPmV #Robots Jul 03, 2012
• RT @GreenbizStartup: RT @Richard_Florida Japanese revolutionized manufacturing by harnessing
workers' knowledge, now in service http://t ... Jun 27, 2012
• Manufacturing as local recycling service http://t.co/RrcLMipv key part of smarter communities
http://t.co/JmnngFDL Jun 20, 2012
10. My Tweets (Continued)
• RT @4byoung: Tech manufacturing: A disaster waiting to happen? http://t.co/CG3eSR3N Jun
19, 2012
• RT @timoreilly: 5% of manufacturing jobs went unfilled last year due to lack of skilled applicants
http://t.co/WNa3Bzol Jun 19, 2012
• America makes more today than ever. How&what have changed “@SamMikhailCPE: The Rebirth of
American #Manufacturing http://t.co/qVMoTo64” May 27, 2012
• RT @auerswald: RT @emeka_okafor: "Making things with a 3D printer changes the rules of
#manufacturing" http://t.co/ttUZLNYO #3dprinting Apr 20, 2012
• “@auerswald: RT @emeka_okafor: 'success of Local Motors, the first open source car?'
http://t.co/ROIoeQ4D...” manufacturing.” micro-factory Mar 14, 2012
• Fortune 50 original equipment manufacturers, access to powerful computer tools provides
competitive advantage http://t.co/opzhUU0y Mar 11, 2012
• MAKE: An Amercan Manufacturing Movement http://t.co/DjI8nhzr Mar 11, 2012
• RT @autodesk: Story by @wadhwa on future of America’s manufacturing sector & the
developments @carlbass sees in defining new jobs http:/ ... Mar 08, 2012
• @auerswald between 1995 and 2002 US lost 2M manufacturing jobs; during same period China
lost 15M; Weiner was right "The Coming Peosperity" Mar 06, 2012
• Re-industrialize the US? Yes, and here is how - manufacturing as a local recycling service
http://t.co/cIwA2hv7 Mar 05, 2012
• RT @HarvardBiz Manufacturing is being transformed - It's Time to Bring Manufacturing Back to the
U.S. http://t.co/oZOYumXT local recycling Feb 28, 2012
11. My Tweets (Continued)
• RT @KurzweilAINews: Redesigning people: how medtech could expand beyond the injured: The exoskeleton
manufactured by Ekso Bionics in... ... Feb 28, 2012
• @livingarchitect manufacturing jobs 8% 2010 to 7% 2020. Professional services health ed predicted to grow the
fastest http://t.co/Y9h3UHjs Feb 08, 2012
• @went1955 Historically manufacturing jobs seen as one of few sources of well-paying jobs for less-educated
workers http://t.co/KEFmHXZ3 Feb 05, 2012
• RT @went1955: Do Manufacturers Need Special Treatment? – Economist Christina Romer in New York Times –
http://t.co/gUUkYGcJ Feb 05, 2012
• RT @rossdawson: RT @DanyDeGrave: Crowdsourced Capital and On-Demand Digital Fabrication #3D
#manufacturing #crowdsourcing http://t.co/04 ... Feb 04, 2012
• @auerswald @wadhwa old-style manufacturing jobs going (off-shore to China) going (off-people to automation)
gone (3D printable automation) Feb 01, 2012
• RT @auerswald: RT @wadhwa: Over the next few years, we are going to see dramatic changes in manufacturing,
design. Even BYO cars! http:/ ... Feb 01, 2012
• RT @daviding: The structural shift from manufacturing economy to service economy can be denied or encouraged
by so... http://t.co/HlhkXf ... Feb 01, 2012
• RT @ShaanHurley: Watch @carlbass and @wadhwa discuss education, innovation, and future of manufacturing.
#whichwaynext http://t.co/2NbgiIKL Jan 30, 2012
• Future supply chains modular manufacturing with most parts coming from local recycling & a few high-tech
import parts http://t.co/XfuwWbH4 Jan 26, 2012
• Long and slow - but worth watching - return to local manufacturing as a service with mini-mills disruptive
innovation http://t.co/dXlfQYRS Jan 26, 2012
12. My Tweets (continued)
• RT @justinwolfers: Why will Obama single out "an economy built on American manufacturing" in the #SOTU?
What's wrong with those of us wi ... Jan 24, 2012
• RT @KurzweilAINews: Microreactors enable safer, more efficient manufacturing: Manufacturing products and
drugs will be safer and mor... ... Jan 23, 2012
• @timoreilly @johnmaeda @techreview @ydeologi US makes 19.4% world's manufactured goods—second to
China's 19.8% https://t.co/Uk2isnTj Jan 23, 2012
• RT @timoreilly: RT @johnmaeda On the relation between manufacturing & innovation. http://t.co/T5rnzIPv via
@techreview @ydeologi Jan 23, 2012
• RT @KurzweilAINews: Raspberry Pi starts manufacturing an ARM GNU/Linux box for $25: Raspberry Pi, a $25
computer, has gone into prod... ... Jan 16, 2012
• RT @masscustom: Interesting: Difficulties of established #3dprinting manufacturers to mimik disruptive user
innovation @MakerBot: http:/ ... Jan 15, 2012
• RT @auerswald: RT @trueventures: How AI and robotics will change manufacturing http://t.co/HHOqT4Fs from
@wadhwa and VentureBeat Jan 14, 2012
• Smart cities rethink mobility http://t.co/807F5KAY MIT Chin's vision local manufacturing of body, in wheel motor
battery grid Jan 08, 2012
• RT @Richard_Florida: US total compensation for manufacturing workers now 14th (BLS) abt same as Ireland/ Italy
- @erikbryn - http://t.co ... Dec 30, 2011
• RT @erikbryn: My MIT colleague Rod Brooks discusses how America can use robots to compete with China in
manufacturing: http://t.co/JRjx0 ... Dec 23, 2011
• @ireneclng good job! "And service systems are evolving. Future services include manufacturing, future of
manufacturing embedded in services" Dec 18, 2011
13. My Tweets (continued)
• The loss of manufacturing jobs often cited as a marker of America’s decline... Dr.
Atala printed a kidney on stage http://t.co/TQQdqM65 Dec 03, 2011
• RT @KurzweilAINews: Disruptions: the 3-D printing free-for-all: A 3-D printer at
home will not only change the nature of manufacturi... ... Nov 15, 2011
• Building Materials Reuse deconstruction curriculum for community colleges:
manufacturing as a local recycling service http://t.co/1lBuutm Jul 22, 2011 RT
@KurzweilAINews: Manufacturers turn to 3-D printing: This May, General Electric
announced it would “intensify focus” on additive ... ... Jul 22, 2011
• Manufacturing as a Local Recycling Service: Janet Unruh has the right idea in
Recycle Everything. See http://www... http://bit.ly/nxg0qw Jul 09, 2011
• Manufacturing as a Printing Service: Z Corp Burlington MA from National
Geographic on 3D printing of tools. See http://bit.ly/mYyU5m Jul 09, 2011
• Economist Debate: Manufacturing: Can a national economy thrive without a large
manufacturing sector? See the res... http://bit.ly/qfZ0iS Jul 09, 2011
14. My Tweets: Summary
• Renaissance of Regional Economic Development (RED)
• The Observatory of Economic Complexity
15. Innovation Framework
• Z2B = Zero to a Billion in Revenue in a under a Decade
– University startups (e.g., Google, Facebook, etc.)
– Challenge: Find a “Moore’s Law for Service System Scaling”
• Service Science Fundamentals
– Service is the application of knowledge for mutual benefit of
entities (value co-creation processes)
– Service innovations scale the benefits of new knowledge
globally, rapidly, and profitably
– Smart service systems include the customer, provider, and other
entities as sources of
capabilities, resources, demand, constraints, rights, responsibiliti
es in value co-creation processes
– Technology and organizational platforms support rapid scaling
processes (smart phones, franchises, etc.)
16. Innovation Framework: Structure
Universities &
Startups
Smart Service
Systems
Technology
Platforms
Integrators &
API Ecology
Customers
MIT, Stanford,
Berkeley, SJSU,
Purdue, UUtah,
UArizona
Tucson,
LinneausU
(Sweden),
Aalto (Finland),
and major
teaching,
research, and
startup
universities in
many nations
globally & their
startups
Smart Phone,
Devices,
Appliances,
Furniture
iPhone,
Android
Apple, Google,
Microsoft,
Samsung, IKEA
Individuals:
Personal and
Employee PSS
& DSS
Smart Vehicles,
Grid, Roads,
Stores, Homes,
Campuses
Driverless Car Google, Toyota,
Audi, Ford,
Deere, IKEA,
Starbucks, Tata
Individuals:
Personal &
Employee PSS
& DSS
Smart Schools,
Hospitals,
Businesses
Watson, CRM,
ERP, HCM,
SCM, PRM, EC2
IBM, HP, Cisco,
SAP, Amazon,
Salesforce
Institutions:
Enterprise PSS
& DSS
Smart Cities,
Regions, States,
Nations, Planet
Smarter City
Intelligent
Operation
Center
IBM, HP, Cisco,
Siemens,
Accenture
Institutions:
Enterprise PSS
& DSS
17. Innovation Framework: Funders
Source Motivation Mechanisms
Government Competitiveness, Close
knowledge gaps
Research and SBIR grants,
IRB’s and Offsets
Venture Capital ROI Equity Investments, Exits
(Go public, acquisitions)
Crowd-funding &
Prospective Customer-
funding
Outcomes Kickstarter.com, X-Prize,
Challenges, Kaggle.com,
Netflix
Industry Funding New Offerings, Platform &
Ecosystem Development
IP Agreements & Open
Innovation Grants
Foundations Social Benefits Grants
RED High Skill/High Pay Jobs Tax incentives, Property
discounts
18. Innovation Framework: Players
Role Supplies Benefits
University Faculty Course content/coaching Course improvements
University Students Learning labor Becomes more T-shaped
Industry Mentors Real-world challenges Talent pipeline
Professional Association Mentorship templates Members development
University Startups Offering for customers Potential customers
Platform Provider Potential to scale New users
Ecosystem & SI Provider Potential to scale New offerings
Customer Demand Outcomes
Funder Investment (See previous funder slide)
Service Science Faculty Orchestration & Expertise Close knowledge gaps
19. And Beyond… Utility Fog
• Ultimate vision of
material and energy
flows inseparable with
information flows
• Universal Building
Block
– Utility Fog:
Manufactured Things
– Cells:
Living Things
20. References
• The Circular Economy (Video) – Ellen MacArthur
Foundationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRKvDyyHmI
• The Internet of Things and the future of manufacturing (Interview)
– McKinsey
http://www.mckinsey.com/Insights/Business_Technology/The_
Internet_of_Things_and_the_future_of_manufacturing?cid=ot
her-eml-alt-mip-mck-oth-1306
• Changing the Dominant Logic: http://blog.egonl.com/?m=200902
• Rolls Royce: http://www.economist.com/node/18073351
• The Observatory of Economic Complexity
http://atlas.media.mit.edu
• Utility Fog: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_fog
• Utility Fog: The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of:
http://www.kurzweilai.net/utility-fog-the-stuff-that-dreams-are-
made-of
21. Students For Smarter Planet:
”I have MET the future, and its students!”
Jim Spohrer
IBM UP Worldwide
PICMET 2013, San Jose, CA
August 1st, 2013
IBM Smarter Planet
IBM SSME Centennial Icon of Progress
Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno
22. Today’s Talk: S4SP
• Some statistics and brief discipline histories
• Some quotes
• Some strategy
– Sciences and Applied Arts: IBM UP Strategy
• Some possible futures
23. Some Short Histories:
Engineering Management Discipline
(service-science.info/archives/3138)
• 1950s & 1960s (Demand and Origins, Al Rubenstein et al.)
– World Events: Engineers promoted into management & executive ranks
– IEEE Transactions of Engineering Management
• 1970s & 1980s (Growth in many places, NSF Erik Block & Richie Henrick, et al.)
– World Events: Oil crisis and competitiveness concerns
– NSF adds engineering emphasis and computer science
– Industrial Engineering (IE) and Management Science (OR) degree programs
– World Events: Japan’s success and competitiveness concerns
– NSF Meeting, Textbooks, Growth in Degree programs and courses
• 1990s to present (Growth, Dundar Kocaoglu, Tarek Kahlil, et al.)
– World Events: Internet growth and business school minor
– PICMET, IAMOT, IRI, and others ( IEEE, IIE, etc.)
– Challenges going forward
• Academic Silos: Engineering (accreditation) and Management (minor)
• Hiring graduates into industry and industry participation in academic communities
– Opportunities going forward
• Strong interest in Asia
24. Information & Computer Science
• “The single strongest impulse for introducing
computers on campuses in the mid-1950s did
not come from the schools themselves or
from any federal agency, but instead from
IBM.”
25. Data Science
• “Data science incorporates varying elements
and builds on techniques and theories from
many fields… with the goal of extracting
meaning from data and creating data
products.”
26. By 2020, 35 Zettabytes per year
• What’s big today will look small in a decade
Google processes
> 24 Petabytes of data
in a single day
Facebook processes
10 Terabytes of data every
day
The Hadron Collider at CERN
generates 40 Terabytes
of data / sec
For every session, NY Stock
Exchange captures 1 Terabyte
of trade information
Twitter processes
7 Terabytes of data every day
250,000,000 tweets
2 Billion Internet users in 2011
By 2013, annual internet traffic
will reach 667 Exabytes
27. Urban Science
• Urban science is an interdisciplinary field that
studies diverse urban issues and problems
28. Service Science
• The transdisciplinary study of service, the
application of knowledge for mutual benefits
(value co-creation phenomena), in an ecology
of interacting many-to-many, nested,
networked viable service system entities.
30. The Popular View of Silicon Valley
History
1910 1960 1970 1980 20001990
Innovation Networks
Fruit
Orchards
Personal
Computers
Integrated
Circuits
Internet
1930 1940 19501920
Fruit
Orchards
Fruit
Orchards
Steve Jobs
Moore/Noyce
Marc Andreessen
Hewlett & Packard
31. The Real Story of Silicon Valley
History
1910 1960 1970 1980 20001990
Innovation Networks
Microwaves/
Defense
Personal
Computers
Integrated
Circuits
Internet
1930 1940 19501920
Test
Equipment
Vacuum
Tubes
32. Terman and the Cold War
Silicon Valley’s 1st Engine of Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurs
Military
Finance
Crisis ProfitMotivation
Cooperative
Culture Entrepreneurial
Outward-Facing
Tech Universities
Risk Capital
24/7 Utilities
Predictable
Economic System
Infrastructure Stable
Legal System
Technical
Labs/Universities
Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008
Free flow of
People/Information
33. Venture Capital
Silicon Valley’s 2nd Engine of Entrepreneurship
Crisis ProfitMotivation
Cooperative
Culture Entrepreneurial
Outward-Facing
Tech Universities
Risk Capital
24/7 Utilities
Predictable
Economic System
Infrastructure Stable
Legal System
Technical
Labs/Universities
Steve Blank 23 Sept 2008
Free flow of
People/Information
Entrepreneurs
Venture
Finance
34. Some Quotes
• The best way to predict the future is to inspire
the next generation of students to build it better
• The future is already here at universities it is just
not well distributed
• The core values of universities are learning,
discovery, and engagement
• All viable businesses and governments learn to
get smarter at scaling the benefits of new
knowledge to their customers and citizens.
39. 39
Smarter Planet = Smarter Systems
INSTRUMENTED
We now have the ability to
measure, sense and see
the exact condition of
practically everything.
INTERCONNECTED
People, systems and objects
can communicate and
interact with each other in
entirely new ways.
INTELLIGENT
We can respond to changes
quickly and accurately,
and get better results
by predicting and optimizing
for future events.
WORKFORCE
PRODUCTS
SUPPLY CHAIN
COMMUNICATIONS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS
IT NETWORKS
48. 48
48
Identifies entrepreneurs developing
businesses aligning with our Smarter Planet
vision.
SmartCamp finalists raised more than
$50m and received significant press in
Wall Street Journal, Forbes and
Bloomberg
in
Healthcare SmartCamp kickstart - Miami - May 15, 2012
Apply by April 27th
SmarterCities SmartCamp kickstart - New York - May 24, 2012
Apply by May 3rd
North America Regional SmartCamp - Boston - June 20 & 21, 2012
Apply by May 25th
apply now at www.ibm.com/isv/startup/smartcamp
Exclusive Networking and
Mentoring event
North America SmartCamp lead: Eric Apse, eapse@us.ibm.com
University Programs lead: Dawn Tew, dawn2@us.ibm.com
49. 49
What are the trends?
Digital Immigrant
Born: 1988
Graduated College: 2012
Digital Native
Born: 2012
Enters College: 2030
55. 55
55
Example: Leading Through Connections with…
Universities Collaborate with IBM Research to Design Watson
for the Grand Challenge of Jeopardy !
Assisted in the development of the Open
Advancement of Question-Answering Initiative
(OAQA) architecture and methodology
Pioneered an online natural language question
answering system called START, which provided the
ability to answer questions with high precision using
information from semi-structured and structured
information repositories
Worked to extend the
capabilities of Watson, with a
focus on extensive common sense
knowledge
Focused on large-scale
information extraction,
parsing, and knowledge
inference technologies
Worked on a visualization component to visually
explain to external audiences the massively parallel
analytics skills it takes for the Watson computing
system to break down a question and formulate a
rapid and accurate response to rival a human brain
Provided technological advancement enabling a
computing system to remember the full
interaction, rather than treating every question like
the first one - simulating a real dialogue
Explored advanced machine learning
techniques along with rich text
representations based on syntactic and
semantic structures for the Watson’s
optimization
Worked on information retrieval
and text search technologies
http://w3.ibm.com/news/w3news/top_stories/2011/02/chq_watson_wrapup.html
62. 62
Competitive Parity – Achieved.
• The NFL touts parity—the idea
that any team can win on any
given Sunday. But this year,
parity has truly run wild.
• Through six weeks, 11 of the
NFL's 32 teams are 3-3.
• The Journal asked the statistical
gurus of Massey-Peabody
Analytics to run a coin-flip
simulation…
64. Silicon Valley: How many places…?
• Help win a war? Terman
• Help launch new industries? Shockley
• Help launch many sub-industries? RAMAC
• Help improve improvement? Lean Startups
– Steve Blank: Why You Must Test Your Hypotheses
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w-NUOjwMto
• Boast so many great universities!
– Stanford, Berkeley, UCSC, UCSF, SJSU, etc.
65. IBM: How many companies…?
• 1. Make it to 100?
– IBM Centennial Film: 100 X 100 - A century of achievements that have changed the world
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39jtNUGgmd4
• 2. Achieve #1 Patents > 20 yrs in a row?
– Twenty Years
• http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/40070.wss
– Boy And His Atom
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39jtNUGgmd4
• 3. Make computers smarter?
– Watson: Science Behind An Answer
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DywO4zksfXw
– 5 in 5: New Capabilities
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwfJVwknvRo
• 4.Make ~100 acquisitions of big companies in a decade?
– Partnerworld
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iivc-7dLLhw
• 5. Help make a Smarter Planet?
– Nation by nation, state by state, city by city
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2BadLt6XkyA
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuBBGYFonXM
– Internet of Thing
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfEbMV295Kk
66. The Future: My “Mentors”
• The future is already here at universities, it is
just not yet well distributed
– With apologies to Gibson
• The best way to predict the future is to
inspired the next generation of students to
build it better
– With apologies to Kay
69. Questions
• What is ISSIP?
• What is a service platform?
• What is service science?
• What is a T-shaped professional?
• How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?
• What are the important future trends you see?
76. 76
I am nested in at least 10 systems
Level AKA ~No. People ~No. Entities Example
0. Individual Person 1 10,000,000,000 Jim
1. Family Household 10 1,000,000,000 Spohrer’s
2.Neighborhood Street 100 100,000,000 Kensington
3. Community Block 1000 10,000,000 Bird Land
4. Urban-Zone District 10,000 1,000,000 SC Unified
5. Urban-Center City 100,0000 100,000 Santa Clara
6.Metro-Region County 1,000,000 10,000 SC County
7. State Province 10,000,000 1,000 CA
8. Nation Country 100,000,000 100 USA
9. Continent Union 1,000,000,000 10 NAFTA
10. Planet World 10,000,000,000 1 UN
77. 77
Time
ECOLOGY
~14B
Big Bang
(Natural
World)
~10K
Cities
(Human-Made
World)
sun (energy)
writing
(symbols and scribes,
stored memory
and knowledge)
earth
(molecules &
stored energy)
written laws
(governance and
stored control)
bacteria
(single-cell life)
sponges
(multi-cell life)
money
(governed
transportable value
stored value,
“economic energy”)
universities
(knowledge workers)
clams (neurons)
trilobites (brains)
printing press (books)
steam engine (work)200M
bees (social
division-of-labor)
60
transistor
(routine
cognitive work)
Evolution of Natural Systems & Service Systems
Unraveling the mystery of evolving hierarchical-complexity in new populations…
To discover the world’s architectures and mechanisms for computing non-zero-sum
78. 78
~100 years of US job transformations
Source: US Bureau of Economic Analysis; McKinsey Global Institute Analysis
81. 81
•iPhone/iPad app developer
•wireless marketing director
•microfinance infrastructure designer
•3D content developer for movies, TV
•social network manager
•deploying technology into the cloud
•organic solar cell development
•digital image management
Many top in-demand jobs in 2011 did not exist in 2005!
81
82. 82 82
U.S Department of Labor
estimates that today’s learner
will have 10-14 jobs…
by the age of 38!
83. 83
Estimates are 85% of the jobs today’s learners will be doing
haven’t been invented yet
they'll be using technologies that don't exist
to solve problems we don't yet know are problems
83
91. 91
Measuring Quality-of-Life?
A. Systems that focus on flow of things that humans need (~15%*)
1. Transportation & supply chain
2. Water & waste recycling/Climate & Environment
3. Food & products manufacturing
4. Energy & electricity grid/Clean Tech
5. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT access)
B. Systems that focus on human activity and development (~70%*)
6. Buildings & construction (smart spaces) (5%*)
7. Retail & hospitality/Media & entertainment/Tourism & sports (23%*)
8. Banking & finance/Business & consulting (wealthy) (21%*)
9. Healthcare & family life (healthy) (10%*)
10. Education & work life/Professions & entrepreneurship (wise) (9%*)
C. Systems that focus on human governance - security and opportunity (~15%*)
11. Cities & security for families and professionals (property tax)
12. States/regions & commercial development opportunities/investments (sales tax)
13. Nations/NGOs & citizens rights/rules/incentives/policies/laws (income tax)
0/19/02/7/4
2/1/1
7/6/1
1/1/0
5/17/27
1/0/2
24/24/1
2/20/24
7/10/3
5/2/2
3/3/1
0/0/0
1/2/2
Quality of Life = Quality of Service + Quality of Jobs + Quality of Investment-Opportunities
* = US Labor % in 2009.
“61 Service Design 2010 (Japan) / 75 Service Marketing 2010 (Portugal)/78 Service-Oriented Computing 2010 (US)”
92. Data Science +
Urban Science +
Service Science =
Smarter Planet
Jim Spohrer
Director IBM University Programs
June 17, 2013
93. Sciences & Applied Arts
• All sciences study systems
– Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Information and
Computer Science, Service Science, etc.
• All applied arts change systems
– Management, Engineering, Design Arts, Public
Policy seek to apply rigorous scientific knowledge
to create better worlds to inhabit
94. 942013 ISSIP and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ISSIPIntroductionto
CaliforniaCenterforServiceScience
Yassi Moghddam
Executive Director, ISSIP
yassi@ISSIP.org
twitter: @yassi_moghddam
(408) 318-0332
www.issip.org
September 13, 2013
95. Who….
Charlie Bess,
BOD Member, Vice
President, ISSIP;
HP Fellow, and VP
Ammar Rayes,
President, ISSIP;
Distinguished Engineer,
Cisco Services
Jim Spohrer
BOD Member, Secretary,
Treasure, ISSIP; Director
Global University
Programs, IBM
Yassi Moghaddam
Executive Director, ISSIP;
Formerly Bell Labs, AT&T, Lucent,
Wells Fargo, & several startups
Ana Pinczuk
BOD Member, ISSIP;
SVP Transformation, Cisco
Services
Haluk Demirkan
BOD Member, ISSIP;
Professor University of
Washington
Ralp Badinelli
BOD Member, ISSIP;
Professor Virginia Tech
Founded, July 2012
Jeff Welser
Vice President Elect, ISSIP;
Director Services Research, IBM
96. Why?
• Our world is becoming more
interconnected and complex
• Yet most organizations operate
is silos
• Most professional
organizations do a great job
of focusing on one discipline,
function, or industry sector
ISSIP is a professional society designed
to focus on the interconnected nature
of value co-creation for smart service
systems (tech, biz, social, etc.)
BREADTH
DEPTH
T-Shape
professionals can
innovate across
traditional
boundaries
97. • Professional Development
• Education
• Research
• Practices
• Policy Making
“To promote service
innovations for our
interconnected world.”
Through:
Special
Interest
groups
Committees Chapters
Students
Mentorship
Our Mission
Ambassadors
- Individual Members: > 360
- Institutional members: 3 and growing
- Service Systems: ICT, Education, Healthcare,
Transportation, Financials, Energy,
Government
- Universities: 55+
- Countries: 37+
98. ISSIP Special Interest Groups
• Existing SIGs
– Cloud Mobility
– Education & Research
– Energy and Power
– Service Futures
– Software Defined Networks
– User Experience
• Other topics: must relate to smart services….
Big Data & Analytics, IoT, Globalization,
Innovation Tools & Methods, and more…
• SIGs are proposed by members and
approved by the Board of Directors.
98
Outcomes
•White papers, journal
articles
•Influencing Standards
•Workshops
•Co-sponsoring or
presenting at conferences
•Surveys
•Research best practices for
smart service systems
99. ISSIP Ambassadors
• More than 15 Ambassadors and
growing…
• Link ISSIP to other professional
associations, research centers,
conferences, etc.
• Help ISSIP co-sponsor activities in
other conferences
more...
http://www.issip.org/learningcenter/valuenet
ork/
100. Academia-Industry-ISSIP Students Mentorship
• Goal: Co-create a superior mentorship expience
between ISSIP members including college students
academics, industry professionals, policy makers,
and members of other professional societies
• Focus: projects that address real business and
societal challenges
• Platform: pipeline of smart service projects of
mutual interest to:
• Students that make them more competitive for smart service
jobs
• Academicians, for smart services case development, and
research
• For industry partners to test a vetted pool of talent for hiring
• Participating Universities so far: Hult SF, SJSU
• Participating Companies so far: IBM, Cisco, HP
• Sample outcomes: http://www.issip.org/ISSIP-
student-mentorship-pilot-may to august-2013/
Regions 2.0
San Jose State University,
IBM, Cisco, HP, and ISSIP
now designing new
templates for regional
development through
service innovation!
Mentorship JobInternship
101. Professional Development
• ISSIP Certification, Badges, and Seals
– Certification Committee Chair: Professor Haluk
Demirkan, University of Washington,
– Committee Goals: Lead and define criteria for ISSIP
certifications and badges for
services, solutions, systems, courses and workshops,
– In the short term:
• “ISSIP Reviewed” already granted through Hult
International School of Business
– Courses, workshops, books, etc.
– In the long term:
• Develop BOK
• Develop testing, certification, and auditing criteria
• Offer professional certifications
• Professional Book Series – BEP, Co-editors: Dr. Jim
Spohrer, Dr. Haluk Demirkan
• Developing T-shape assessment instruments -
Professor Lou Freund, SJSU
102. Let’s work together…
1. Register at issip.org:
http://www.issip.org/join-the-
community
2. Inquire about becoming an
institutional member of ISSIP @
execdir@issip.org
3. Join or start a SIG:
www.issip.org/community/special-
interest-groups
4. Become an ISSIP Ambassador:
http://www.issip.org/community/a
mbassadors
5. Join a Committee:
http://www.issip.org/community/c
ommittees
6. Send ideas to execdir@issip.org
102
103. 1032013 ISSIP and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Thank you!
Yassi Moghddam
Executive Director, ISSIP
yassi@issip.org
twitter: @yassi_moghddam
(408) 318-0332
www.issip.org
104. ISSIP Chapters
• Geographic chapters are
proposed by members and
approved by the Board of
Directors.
• First Chapter: ISSIP Germany
• Chapters for Switzerland, Japan,
UK, Italy, Jordan, Australia, and
others are planned.
104
ISSIP Germany
105. Committees
• Conferences Committee
– Oversee ISSIP Conference
activities
• Elections Committee
– Administers ISSIP Elections
• Nominating Committee:
– Administers ISSIP
nominations for various
elected positions
• Operations Committee
– Manages the tactical
operations of ISSIP
• Publications Committee:
– Set guidelines for and
manage ISSIP publications
• Certification Committee
– Leads and define criteria for
ISSIP certifications and badges
for services, solutions, systems,
courses and workshops, develop
BOK, develop testing and
auditing criteria
• Mentorship Committee
– Oversee ISSIP-industry-
academia Student Mentorship
Program
• New Members Committee
– Increase quantity of both Dues
Paying members and Individual
members
Editor's Notes
I have nine patents and over 90 publications (h-index 31) http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=7T2Pz1YAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=aohttp://service-science.info/archives/2233http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_SpohrerContact:IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120 USA spohrer@us.ibm.com 408-927-1928 (office) spohrer@gmail.com 408-829-3112 (iPhone) Skype: james.clinton.spohrerLinkedIn: Jim Spohrer (http://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/) Twitter: @JimSpohrer (https://twitter.com/JimSpohrer) Bio: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Spohrer Blog: http://www.service-science.info Slides: http://www.slideshare.net/spohrerBio: Dr. James (“Jim”) C. Spohrer is IBM Innovation Champion and Director of IBM University Programs (IBM UP). Jim works to align IBM and universities globally for innovation amplification. Previously, Jim helped to found IBM’s first Service Research group, the global Service Science community, and was founding CTO of IBM’s Venture Capital Relations Group in Silicon Valley. During the 1990’s while at Apple Computer, he was awarded Apple’s Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technology title for his work on next generation learning platforms. Jim has a PhD in Computer Science/Artificial Intelligence from Yale, and BS in Physics from MIT. His current research priorities include applying service science to study nested, networked holistic service systems, such as cities and universities. He has more than ninety publications and been awarded nine patents.
The Circular Economy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRKvDyyHmI
The key is to think of everything in term of the data/information associated with it across it complete life-cycle form cradle-to-cradle, and redo the business model to benefit provider-customer-and-other stakeholdersChanging the Dominant Logic: http://blog.egonl.com/?m=200902Rolls Royce: http://www.economist.com/node/18073351
The Observatory of Economic Complexityhttp://atlas.media.mit.eduRegions that innovate in many areas gain an innovation advantageT-Shaped or Pi-Shaped or M-Shaped regions…Specialization, plus BreadthLocal material flows and global information flowsSpecialized regions make profit by exporting information about their specialized areas and improvements (smarter service systems) for others to copy
API (Application Programmer Interface)PSS (Performance Support System)DSS (Decision Support System)CRM (Customer Relationship Management)ERP (Enterprise Resource Management)HCM (Human Capital Management)SCM (Supply Chain Manaagement)PRM (Performance and Risk Management)EC2 (Elastic Cloud Computing)
RED (Regional Economic Development)ROI (Return on Investment)SBIR (Small Business Innovation and Research)IRB (Industrial and Regional Benefits)
T-shaped students have depth and breadth, which increases both their innovation capacity and adaptive capacity – making them more employable and better potential entrepreneurs
Utility Fog: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility_fogUtility Fog: The Stuff That Dreams Are Made Of: http://www.kurzweilai.net/utility-fog-the-stuff-that-dreams-are-made-of
Request to use: spohrer@us.ibm.comAlso downloadablefrom:http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/picmet-20130801-v2
Kids today are increasingly empowered to contribute to discoveries and change the worldhttp://www.kartendesign.com/5740/fast-company-covers-karten-designs-project-with-the-da-vinci-design-school/
See http://www. service-science.info/archives/3138
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_sciencePagerank (map-reduce & hadoop) – helping people find what they are most likely looking forRecommendation systems – helping people find what they most likely want to buyData Science Manhttp://m.computing.co.uk/ctg/news/2274485/unknown-unknowns-are-the-future-of-data-science
35 Zettabytes - IDC
http://www.santafe.edu/research/cities-scaling-and-sustainability/Cities get larger wealth creation and innovation get faster2x size in city 15% increase wealth, innovation, negative effectsCities shrink time and space, and concentrate and accelerate social interactionsNetwork constraints …
Ricardo’s law of association of comparative advantage (beyond division of labor, includes learning curve effects – do more of what you do best, less of what you do least well)Outsourcing and self-service upward spiral of capabilities (employee productivity improvements lead to customer-self-service)Improve strongest and weakest network links capabilities (swim-lane competitions accelerate learning and balance routine (boredom) and challenge (anxiety))
- What is a T-shaped professional?T-shaped professionals have both depth and breadth.An I-shaped professional may be an expert, but lacks skills for interacting with other disciplines, sectors, and/or regions/cultures.Pi-shapes and M-shapes have depth in two or three areas, but most employees today are I-shapes.An organization or nation with more T-shapes is more likely to have higher performance teamwork as well as more boundary spanning innovations.The T-shaped metaphor has been used for at least a couple decades, but ISSIP is working on making the concept more rigorous.=======From I to T to Pi-shapes … and beyond! IBM needs graduates who can work on multidisciplinary, multisector, multicultural teams… T-shapes have depth and breadth … Disciplines from computer science to marketing to social sciences to arts & humanitiesSectors from transportation to energy to healthcare to governmentCultures from US to Europe to China to India to Latin America to Africa to Middle East and more!!
- What is ISSIP?ISSIP = the International Society of Service Innovation ProfessionalsISSIP is pronounced I-ZIPISSIP was founded by industry and academic collaborators to promote service innovations for an interconnected world.AmmarRayes, a Cisco DE, is the founding President of ISSIP.Charlie Bess, an HP Fellow, is the founding Vice President of ISSIP.Jeff Welser, Director IBM Almaden Service Research, is the VP elect for ISSIP.I am one of the founding Board members, as well as chair of the ISSIP SIG Education and Research.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the quantity and quality of service science related courses and degree programs.ISSIP SIG Education and Research aims to increase the number of T-shaped service innovators in business and society.
- What is a service platform?A service platform provides access to places and entities to scale the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.IBM’s Watson natural language and question answering capability will become available for smart phone app developers as a service platform.Watson specializes in ranking queries that related semantic classes and instances, so for the classes “Explorers” and “Dates” - the instance “Columbus” is highly correlated with “1492″ and less so with “1506″ and “1451″.IBM Smarter Cities Intelligent Operations Center is a service platform for scaling business solutions that improve the performance of urban regions.IBM itself can be viewed as a service platform for scaling businesses and solutions with some 120 acquisitions in the last ten years alone.Pharmaceutical companies be viewed as service platforms for scaling the benefits of new molecules.Franchises are service platforms for scaling the benefits of new knowledge globally and rapidly.Cities with high use airports can become negative-service platforms when they scale human viruses negative consequences globally and rapidly.
- What is service science?ISSIP embraces the service-dominant-logic definition of service.Service is defined, not as the tertiary economic sector, but more generally as the application of knowledge for mutual benefits.Service innovations scale the benefits of new knowledge, globally and rapidly (and for businesses profitably).Service innovations includes technology platforms (e.g., smart phones), organizational platforms (e.g., franchises) and others platforms for scaling.Service science is the rigorous study of service systems and value co-creation phenomena, both collaborative and competitive mechanisms.Value co-creation is a kind of win-win outcome – for example, when customers build their own furniture they can get higher quality components, but lower costs.Performance measures of service systems include quality, productivity, compliance, and innovativeness.Types of service systems entities include people, businesses, universities, cities, states, and nations.Performance measures of a service ecology include resilience, sustainability, competitive parity, and quality-of-life (learning rates & knowledge burden).
- How is this related to your work at IBM with universities?At IBM I helped start IBM’s Venture Capital Group, Service Research area in IBM Research, and now run IBM’s University Programs worldwide.IBM University Programs is concerned with the 6 R’s – research, readiness (skills), recruiting, revenue (universities are like small cities), responsibility, and regions.Part of IBM Smarter Planet strategy is to help universities increase the quantity and quality of start-ups (Smart Camps).IBM also wants to help start-ups scale up globally and rapidly.Universities are the most important drivers of innovation in a knowledge economy, and more and more startups come from universities.Many businesses instead of hiring a student with a new degree, would rather hire that same student after they have entrepreneurial experience, even if the start-up failed.Most start-ups fail, but they create T-shaped people – which is what businesses want to improve performance of teams and boundary spanning innovations.IBM acquires about one company a month for last ten years (see the IBM M&A wikipedia page)By one estimate, 2/3 of these acquisitions started in a university-based entrepreneurial ecosystem.SSME (Service Science Management and Engineering), Smarter Planet, Big Data Analytics, Data Science, Smarter Cities, and Urban Science – are all related.IBM University Programs uses the 6 R’s to advance IBM’s Smarter Planet strategy, and increase the number of T-shaped innovators.
Big Data in business has grown over 60 years from ~10MB to 100PB or a billion times :MB -> GB -> TB –> PB All that Big Data from 1950 can easily be handled by one person’s smart phoneService science is now taught in over 500 universities that we know of and probably at least 2x more that we don’t know about…The number of service science conferences and service science related journals has also expanded
From IBM Christopher BishopGlobally interconnectedData from embedded devicesDriving new and evolving business models
From IBM Christopher Bishop
Why service scientists are interested in universities…. They are in many ways the service system of most central importance to other service systems…Graph based on data from Source: http://www.arwu.org/ARWUAnalysis2009.jspAnalysis: Antonio Fischetto and Giovanna Lella (URome, Italy) students visiting IBM AlmadenDynamicgraphybased on Swissstudents work:http://www.upload-it.fr/files/1513639149/graph.htmlUS isstill “off the chart” – China projected to be “off the chart” in lessthan 10 years: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 30,3 % US % of WW GDP: 23,3 %CorrelatingNation’s (2004) % of WW GDP to % of WW Top-Ranked UniversitiesUS isliterally “off the chart” – butincluding US make high correlationevenhigher: US % of WW Top-RankedUniversities: 33,865 % US % of WW GDP: 28,365 %
http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htmhttp://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/student-loan-debt-hell-21-statistics-that-will-make-you-think-twice-about-going-to-collegePosted below are 21 statistics about college tuition, student loan debt and the quality of college education in the United States....#1 Since 1978, the cost of college tuition in the United States has gone up by over 900 percent.#2 In 2010, the average college graduate had accumulated approximately $25,000 in student loan debt by graduation day.#3 Approximately two-thirds of all college students graduate with student loans.#4 Americans have accumulated well over $900 billion in student loan debt. That figure is higher than the total amount of credit card debt in the United States.#5 The typical U.S. college student spends less than 30 hours a week on academics.#6 According to very extensive research detailed in a new book entitled "Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses", 45 percent of U.S. college students exhibit "no significant gains in learning" after two years in college.#7 Today, college students spend approximately 50% less time studying than U.S. college students did just a few decades ago.#835% of U.S. college students spend 5 hours or less studying per week.#950% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to write more than 20 pages.#1032% of U.S. college students have never taken a class where they had to read more than 40 pages in a week.#11 U.S. college students spend 24% of their time sleeping, 51% of their time socializing and 7% of their time studying.#12 Federal statistics reveal that only 36 percent of the full-time students who began college in 2001 received a bachelor's degree within four years.#13Nearly half of all the graduate science students enrolled at colleges and universities in the United States are foreigners.#14 According to the Economic Policy Institute, the unemployment rate for college graduates younger than 25 years old was 9.3 percent in 2010.#15One-third of all college graduates end up taking jobs that don't even require college degrees.#16 In the United States today, over 18,000 parking lot attendants have college degrees.#17 In the United States today, 317,000 waiters and waitresses have college degrees.#18 In the United States today, approximately 365,000 cashiers have college degrees.#19 In the United States today, 24.5 percent of all retail salespersons have a college degree.#20 Once they get out into the "real world", 70% of college graduates wish that they had spent more time preparing for the "real world" while they were still in school.#21Approximately 14 percent of all students that graduate with student loan debt end up defaulting within 3 years of making their first student loan payment.http://www.citytowninfo.com/career-and-education-news/articles/georgetown-university-study-shows-a-bachelors-degree-in-stem-pays-off-11102002About 65 percent of individuals with bachelor's degrees in STEM subjects commanded greater salaries than those with master's degrees in non-STEM fields, according to a Georgetown press release. Likewise, 47 percent of college graduates with bachelor's degrees in STEM fields earn higher wages than those with doctoral degrees in non-STEM subjects.
Edu-Impact.Com: Growing Importance of Universities with Large, Growing EndowmentsRecently visited Yang building at StanfordOne of the greenest buildings on the planetBut if it does not evolve in 20 years it will not be the greenest buildingVisited supercomputers – we have two at IBM Almaden – there was a time they were in the top 100 supercomputers in the world – not any more ….So a Moore’s law of buildings is more than cutting waste in half every year, it is also about the amount of time it takes to structural replace the material with newer and more modern materials that provide benefits…
What are the largest and smallest service system entities that have the problem of interconnected systems?Holistic Service Systems like nations, states, cities, and universities – are all system of systems dealing with flows, development, and governance.=============\Nations (~100)States/Provinces (~1000)Cities/Regions (~10,000)Educational Institutions (~100,000)Healthcare Institutions (~100,000)Other Enterprises (~10,000,000)Largest 2000>50% GDP WWFamilies/Households (~1B)Persons (~10B)Balance/ImproveQuality of Life, generation after generationGDP/CapitaQuality of ServiceCustomer ExperienceQuality of JobsEmployee ExperienceQuality of Investment-OpportunitiesOwner ExperienceEntrepreneurial ExperienceSustainabilityGDP/Energy-Unit% Fossil% RenewableGDP/Mass-Unit% New Inputs% Recycled Inputs
The Up-Skill CyclePeople flow through the system of entities… As they flow they are upskilled….Entities:Mature IBM Business Unit: From mature-business unitAcquired-IBM Business Unit: From IBM “acquired company” business unitUniversity: From university roleVenture: From venture that spun off from a universityOther: None of the aboveOne possible pathA long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutThe IBMer moves to a new IBM acquisition to help the new acquisition adopt/learn IBM finance proceduresAfter that the IBMer moves to a university as an IBMer on CampusThe IBMer might work in a department/discipline, in the university incubator, or a university start-up, or even be a student at the universityEventually the IBMer signs up to be pat of a new venture that is spinning off from the universityThe new venture is aligned with IBM via HW, SW, or other IBM offerings/strategyIBM helps scale up the new venture globalIBM might decide to acquire the new ventureThe IBM in the acquired new venture helps the new venture become a high growth business unit of IBMAfter the new IBM business unit asymptotes on revenue and profit improves, it has become a mature business unitNow the IBMer is back in a mature business unit, and the cycle repeats…A long-time IBMer is in an IBM business unit doing, say “finance”The IBMer’s business unit receives the 5% annual budget cutTransitions:Self-loop IBMer stays in mature business unitIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a newly acquired IBM acquisitionIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a university roleIBMer transitions from mature business unit to a new venture that spun off from a universityIBMer transitions from mature business unit to an entity not mentioned above (some where else)
Permission to use granted on request to: spohrer@us.ibm.comReference presentation as:Spohrer, JC (2013) Data Science + Urban Science + Service Science = Smarter Planet. Milano, Italy. Monday June 17, 2013. URL: http://www.slideshare.net/spohrer/data-urban-service-science-20130617-v2
The sciences that study systems that nature has evolved do not include the word “science”The sciences that study systems that our species has designed do include the word “science”Complexity Science, Organization Science, Social Sciences study both naturally evolved and human designed systemsSystems Science is perhaps the most general of the sciences – and studies all types of systems from a transdisciplary perspective.Both sciences and applied arts are driven by imagination, data and experience play a role, but imagination (i.e., creativity) is the fundamental driver of progress (i.e., better explanation of systems) and change (i.e., better change that does more with less).