WBC RBC

4.  The RBC are circular , non – nucleated ,
biconcave disc shaped cells .
 They have a mean diameter of 7.2µ .
 The thickness is 2.2µ .
 The central portion of the cell is much thinner
than the circumference which appears as a rim
around a central depression.
This constructive gives the cell a biconcave
contour or roughly dumbbell shaped outline when
viewed edgewise.

5.  The Red cells shows a tendency to
adhere to one another by their flat
surfaces.
 The arrangement resembles a group
of coins , toppled over and is spoken
as the roleoux and the process is
called roleoux formation.

7. LIFE SPAN OF THE RBC
 The average life span of the RBC is (110 to 124
days).
 There are no specific means provided for its
destruction.
 It simply wears out as a result of stress and
strain to which it is subjected and breaks down in
the blood stream.

8. NORMAL VALUES OF RBC
 The average number of RBC in the cubic
mm of blood is 4.6 to 5.2 millions in men and
4.2 to 5 million in women.
 AT birth and infancy they are more in
number.

9.  Transport oxygen bound to hemoglobin
molecules; also transport small amount of
carbon dioxide.
 Help to maintain acid base balance.
 Help to maintain ionic balance.
 RBC helps to maintain the viscosity of the
blood.
 Transport nutrients and waste products.

10. WBCs, also called
leukocytes, are an important part of
the immune system. These cells help
fight infections by attacking bacteria,
viruses, and germs that invade the
body. White blood cells originate in
the bone marrow but circulate
throughout the bloodstream.

13.  It is a larger size of the lymphocytes.
 The nucleus may be round , oval and kidney
shaped.
 These are about 12µm.
SMALL LYMHOCYTES
 These are about 7.5µm.
 These are smaller than the large
lymphocytes.

14.  These are 10 to 18 µm in diameter.
 It posses relatively large amount of
cytoplasm.
 These cells constitute about 5 to 10 %of the
total cells.
 They are considered to be derived from
reticulo endothelial cells.

15.  The cytoplasm is packed with coarse granules.
 It is stained with acid dye.
 The nucleus is two lobed.
 These cells constitute 2 to 3 % of the
leucocytes population.
BASOPHILS
 The granules are stained with basic dyes.
 Basophil is scarce in normal blood (not more
than 0.5%).

16.  They are about 10µ in diameter.
 They are stained with neutral dye.
 The majority of the neutrophil possess nuclei
which are divided into 2 to 5 lobes.
 The number of lobes depends upon the age
of the cell.

18.  An average normal range is between 3,500
and 10,500 white blood cells per micro liter
of blood (mcL). Infants are often born with
much higher numbers of WBCs, which
gradually even out as they age.
 The average number of WBC is 6000 to
8000 per cubic millimeter.
 The average ratio of WBC and RBC is 1:700.

19. Type of WBC Normal percentage
overall WBC count
Neutrophil 45 to 75 percent
Lymphocyte 20 to 40 percent
Eosinophil less than 7 percent
Monocyte 1 to 10 percent
Basophil less than 3 percent

20. LOW WBC COUNT
 A low number of WBCs is called leukopenia. A
count less than 4,500 cells per microliter (4.5 ×
109/L) is below normal.
A lower than normal WBC count may be due
to:
 Bone marrow deficiency or failure.
 Cancer treating drugs, or other medicines.

21.  Disease of the liver or spleen.
 Radiation treatment for cancer.
 Cancers that damage the bone marrow.
 Very severe bacterial infections.
 Severe emotional or physical stress (such
as from an injury or surgery).

22.  A higher than normal WBC count is called
leukocytosis.
It may be due to:
 Certain drugs or medicines .
 Cigarette smoking.
 After spleen removal surgery.
 Infections, most often those caused by bacteria
 Inflammatory disease (such as rheumatoid
arthritis or allergy).
 Tissue damage (for example, burns).

23.  Form a protective, movable army that help
defend the body against damage by bacteria,
viruses, parasites, and tumor cells
 Active phagocytes; number increases rapidly
during short term or acute infections
 Allergic response & attack parasites
Kill parasitic warms; increase during allergy
attacks; might phagocytes antigen-antibody
complexes and inactivate some inflammatory
chemicals

24.  Release histamine in allergic attack & first
response until more WBCs arrive
Granules contain histamine which is
discharged at sites of inflammation.
 Role is to attack infections, virus & early
stage cancer.