physiological changes during spotrs

1. Physiological Changes
During Sports and
Exercise
BY
SOWMIYA G

2. Changes during Exercise
• INTRODUCTION
 In ancient world, every individual had hard work
associated with his profession.
 Which is lacking in modern world and hence
inculcating a definite time and regular exercise to be a
part of our life style is a must

3. Definition
• Exercise Physiology is the description and
explanation of functional changes brought about by
single or repeated exercise sessions.
• Exercise is the repeated rhythmic movements
given to body parts to keep it healthy and
develop the body parts.

4. Stages of exercise
According to physiology, there are 3 types of exercises :
• Mild: minimum or no cardiovascular change.
Ex: Walking
• Moderate: No exertion but some cardiovascular changes
can seen
Ex: Jogging
• Severe: Complete exertion
Ex: Swimming

5. BENEFITS OF EXERCISE
 The body becomes light after exercise
 The body relaxes
 The capacity to do work increases
 The digestive power of the individual increases
 There is fat depletion the muscles become
 strong and compact
 The strength, power and endurance is increased

6.  Physical appearance is improved
 Flexibility and mobility of the body increases
 The balance between elimination and nutrition is
established
 The cardiovascular efficiency is improved
 The respiratory capacity of the individual is improved
 The body becomes fit and healthy
 Proper blood circulation for various parts is
established

7. Physiological changes during exercise and
sports
Increase Cardiac
output
5-6 liters of blood is pumped
out of heart/min.
• In moderate-20liters/min.
• Severe exercise- 35
liters/min
EFFECT ON THE HEART

8. EFFECTS ON THE LUNGS
Increase the rate of
respiration
Removal of CO2 is
increased

9. CHANGES IN THE BLOOD
 Mild hypoxia: which increases
CO2concentration will lead to
pH decrease.
 It stimulates the
juxtaglomerular cells to
synthesize erythropoietin.
 So that there is a production
of RBCs.

10. Changes in temperature
• There is increased
heat production
during exercise which
increases the body
temperature
• severe exercise can
even cause
dehydration

11. EFFECT ON MUSCLES
In the muscles end
product of metabolism is
lactic acid which is further
non-degradable is also a
stimulant for
vasodilatation

12. EFFECTS ON ELIMINATION
Skin - Sweating is improved
Kidney - Urine output is increased
Lungs – Carbon dioxide and other unwanted
gases removed
GIT- Excretion of feces is increased due to proper
assimilation and proper digestion

14. LACTIC ACID – AN ENERGY SOURCE?
• Produced during anaerobic effort, or when O2 supply
is limited.
• Accumulates in the muscle and can affect its ability to
perform.
• Increased H+ ion concentration reduces enzyme
activity and ATP production and
contractile force of the muscle fiber.