Piston Engines: Thrust Augmentation
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Plane Sense
- 1. Federal Aviation AdministrationPlane Sense R1 11/05/2012
- 2. Federal Aviation Administration 2 Plane Sense Introduction • Review the requirements that an aircraft operator/owner must know to make an informed decision about the airworthiness of an aircraft. • Three Objectives
- 3. Federal Aviation Administration 3 Plane Sense Objective - To define the word “airworthy”
- 4. Federal Aviation Administration 4 Plane Sense Objective -To review the requirements that must be met for an aircraft to be “airworthy”
- 5. Federal Aviation Administration 5 Plane Sense Objective – To address the owner/operator and PIC responsibilities for the airworthiness of an aircraft
- 6. Federal Aviation Administration 6 Plane Sense Understanding “airworthiness” • The term “airworthy” is often used but not specifically defined in the regulations • Our understanding of the word may differ depending on whether we are a pilot or a mechanic.
- 7. Federal Aviation Administration 7 Plane Sense CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS • No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. • The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur.
- 8. Federal Aviation Administration 8 Plane Sense CIVIL AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS Section 91.7 • No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an airworthy condition. • The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is responsible for determining whether that aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot in command shall discontinue the flight when unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural conditions occur.
- 9. Federal Aviation Administration 9 Plane Sense AIRWORTHY? • Two conditions must be met: – The aircraft conforms to its type certificate, and has been inspected, maintained, modified and repaired in-accordance-with the regulations. – The aircraft is in condition for safe operation.
- 10. Federal Aviation Administration 10 Plane Sense AIRWORTHNESS CERTIFICATE • Terms and Conditions
- 11. Federal Aviation Administration 11 Plane Sense WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN? Fred’s Flyer – Model A The type design consists of-- (a) The drawings and specifications, and a listing of those drawings and specifications, necessary to define the configuration and the design features of the product shown to comply with the requirements of that part of this subchapter applicable to the product; (b) Information on dimensions, materials, and processes necessary to define the structural strength of the product; (c) The Airworthiness Limitations section of the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness as required by Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35, or as otherwise required by the Administrator; and as specified in the applicable airworthiness criteria for special classes of aircraft defined in Sec. 21.17(b).
- 12. Federal Aviation Administration 12 Plane Sense WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN? Fred’s Flyer – Model A
- 13. Federal Aviation Administration 13 Plane Sense WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN? Fred’s Flyer – Model A
- 14. Federal Aviation Administration 14 Plane Sense www.faa.gov then select “Type Certificate Data Sheets”
- 15. Federal Aviation Administration 15 Plane Sense TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
- 16. Federal Aviation Administration 16 Plane Sense TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
- 17. Federal Aviation Administration 17 Plane Sense TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
- 18. Federal Aviation Administration 18 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILIES • An aircraft operator is responsible for the following items: – Ensuring that the aircraft has a current Airworthiness Certificate and Certificate of Registration in the aircraft. (91.203) – Verifying that the aircraft is airworthy and in compliance with all applicable ADs. (91.403) • A-R-R-O-W
- 19. Federal Aviation Administration 19 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILIES – Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded. – Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations, including weight and balance, are in the aircraft and complied with. – Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
- 20. Federal Aviation Administration 20 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILIES – Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded. – Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations, including weight and balance, are in the aircraft and complied with. – Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
- 21. Federal Aviation Administration 21 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITES – Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded. – Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations, including weight and balance, are in the aircraft and complied with. – Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
- 22. Federal Aviation Administration 22 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITES – Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded. – Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations, including weight and balance, are in the aircraft and complied with. – Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
- 23. Federal Aviation Administration 23 Plane Sense AIRCRAFT OPERATOR RESPONSIBILITES (ARROW) – If the aircraft will be flown outside of U.S. boundaries, a current FCC Radio Station License if radios are installed. – Reporting an aircraft accident to the National Transportation Safety Board in-accordance-with CFR 830.
- 24. Federal Aviation Administration 24 Plane Sense ARROW • A-Airworthiness Certificate • Section 91.203(a)(1) • R-Registration • Section 91.203(a)(2) • R-Radio Station License, when required • O-Operating Limitations • Section 91.9(b)(1)&(2) • W-Weight and Balance • Sections 23-1519, 23-1583, 23-1559 & 91.9
- 25. Federal Aviation Administration 25 Plane Sense WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS BREAK? • The airworthiness certificate is no longer in effect!
- 26. Federal Aviation Administration 26 Plane Sense WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS BREAK? Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and Equipment • Minimum Equipment List – MEL – Developed for a specific aircraft – Letter of authorization from the FSDO required – Must be used by everyone who flies the aircraft – Training and records required
- 27. Federal Aviation Administration 27 Plane Sense Minimum Equipment List
- 28. Federal Aviation Administration 28 Plane Sense WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS BREAK? Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and Equipment • NO MEL decision chain – Regulations – TCDS and 91.205 – Manufacturer – equipment list – Remove or deactivate, and placard – Determination of safety
- 29. Federal Aviation Administration 29 Plane Sense WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS BREAK? Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and Equipment • NO MEL decision chain – Regulations – TCDS and 91.205 – Manufacturer – equipment list – Remove or deactivate, and placard – Determination of safety
- 30. Federal Aviation Administration 30 Plane Sense WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THINGS BREAK? 91.213 Inoperative Instruments and Equipment • NO MEL decision chain – Regulations – TCDS and 91.205 – Manufacturer – equipment list – Remove or deactivate, and placard – Determination of safety
- 31. Federal Aviation Administration 31 Plane Sense PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- 32. Federal Aviation Administration 32 Plane Sense PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- 33. Federal Aviation Administration 33 Plane Sense PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- 34. Federal Aviation Administration 34 Plane Sense PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- 35. Federal Aviation Administration 35 Plane Sense PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
- 36. Federal Aviation Administration 36 Plane Sense SPECIAL FLIGHT PERMIT • A Special Airworthiness Certificate may be issued and or….. • Faxed Special Flight Permit which includes operating limitations for intended flight. • Aircraft may be flown without required equipment or inspections performed. • Aircraft must be in a condition for safe operation
- 37. Federal Aviation Administration 37 Plane Sense SPECIAL AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE
- 38. Federal Aviation Administration 38 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 39. Federal Aviation Administration 39 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 40. Federal Aviation Administration 40 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 41. Federal Aviation Administration 41 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 42. Federal Aviation Administration 42 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 43. Federal Aviation Administration 43 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 44. Federal Aviation Administration 44 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 45. Federal Aviation Administration 45 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171
- 46. Federal Aviation Administration 46 Plane Sense REQUIRED INSPECTIONS • Annual inspection 91.409(a) • 100 hour inspection 91.409(b) • Progressive inspection 91.409(d) • Pitot-static/Altimeter 91.411 • Transponder 91.413 • ELT 91.207 • 30-day VOR check 91.171 • Current GPS data base 91.103 / 91.7
- 47. Federal Aviation Administration 47 Plane Sense FORM 337
- 48. Federal Aviation Administration 48 Plane Sense SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES Limitations and Conditions: The installation should not be incorporated in any aircraft unless it is determined that the interrelationship between this installation and any previously approved configuration will not introduce any adverse effect upon the airworthiness of the aircraft. The approval of this modification applies to the above-noted aircraft model series only. A copy of this STC must be included in the permanent records of the modified aircraft.
- 49. Federal Aviation Administration 49 Plane Sense
- 50. Federal Aviation Administration 50 Plane Sense AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
- 51. Federal Aviation Administration 51 Plane Sense AD COMPLIANCE RECORD
- 52. Federal Aviation Administration 52 Plane Sense Responsibilities • 14 CFR part 91, section 91.417 states that an aircraft owner/operator shall, keep and maintain aircraft maintenance records. • 14 CFR part 43, sections 43.9 and 43.11 state that maintenance personnel, however, are required to make the record entries.
- 53. Federal Aviation Administration 53 Plane Sense What Must Be In The Maintenance Records? • Description of the work performed • Date the work was completed • Signature and certificate number of the person approving the work In addition Section 43.9 includes: • The name of any person working on the aircraft and the certificate type of the approving person Ι χερτιφψ τηατ τηισ αιρχραφτ ηασ β εεν ινσπεχτεδ ιν αχχορδανχε ωιτη α ν αννυαλ ινσπεχτιον ανδ ωασ δετερ µινεδ το βε ιν αν αιρωορτηψ χονδιτι ον SIGNATURE ΙΑ 4456782435
- 54. Federal Aviation Administration 54 Plane Sense
- 55. Federal Aviation Administration 55 Plane Sense
- 56. Federal Aviation Administration 56 Plane Sense
- 57. Federal Aviation Administration 57 Plane Sense
- 58. Federal Aviation Administration 58 Plane Sense REVIEW OF RESPONSIBILITIES • DOCUMENTS – Airworthiness – Registration – Radio License – Operating Limitations – Weight & Balance • AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES • REQUIRED MAINTENANCE RECORDS • INSPECTIONS – Annual - Transponder – 100-hour - ELT – Pitot-static - VOR and GPS data base · ACCIDENT and SAFETY REPORTING
- 59. Federal Aviation Administration 59 Plane Sense REVIEW OF RESPONSIBILITIES
- 60. Federal Aviation Administration 60 Plane Sense
- 61. Federal Aviation Administration 61 Plane Sense
- 62. Federal Aviation Administration 62 Plane Sense
- 63. Federal Aviation Administration 63 Plane Sense Summary • Defined Airworthy • Discussed Airworthy Requirements • Discussed Owner/Operator/Pilot-in Command Airworthiness Responsibilities • Accident and Safety Reporting
- 64. Federal Aviation Administration 64 Plane Sense YOUR TIME FOR: Questions?? Comments….
- 65. Federal Aviation Administration 65 Plane Sense THANK YOU!! The FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) is dedicated to Quality Customer Service and we would value your feedback. Please provide your feedback at: www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/qms
