Sc2220 lecture 6 2011

SC2220: Gender StudiesLecture 6: Gender inPopular Culture,[object Object],Eric C. Thompson,[object Object],Semester 2, 2010/2011,[object Object]

Where We Have Been…,[object Object],History of Gender Studies,[object Object],Sex/Gender Distinction,[object Object],Becoming Male or Female,[object Object],Gender socialization; paths to learning gender.,[object Object],Gender Systems,[object Object],Masculinity/Femininity,[object Object],Gender as systems of beliefs and behaviors,[object Object]

Where We Are Going…,[object Object],Gender in Popular Culture,[object Object],Gender in Advertising,[object Object],Popular Culture (TODAY),[object Object],Gender in Social Relations,[object Object],Gender and Power,[object Object],Gender and Work,[object Object],Gender, Here and Now,[object Object],Gender in Singapore,[object Object]

Where We Have Been…,[object Object],History of Gender Studies,[object Object],Sex/Gender Distinction,[object Object],Becoming Male or Female,[object Object],Gender Systems,[object Object],Foundations of Gender Studies,[object Object],How we become gendered.,[object Object],What gender is…,[object Object],1. Systems of Belief and Behavior.,[object Object],2. What we do, not what we are.,[object Object]

Where We Are Going…,[object Object],Gender in art, literature, language, popular culture.,[object Object],Ideas, beliefs about gender.,[object Object],Representations of gender.,[object Object],Gender in Popular Culture,[object Object],Gender in Social Relations,[object Object],Gender, Here and Now,[object Object],Social structure, Economics, Politics, Power. Gender in Practice.,[object Object],Applying Gender Studies to…,[object Object],Singapore,[object Object],Your own life,[object Object]

So Much to Cover!,[object Object],“The scope is pretty large, perhaps a tighter scope would be better?” (IVLE Feedback comment),[object Object],SC2220 is a Survey Class… an overview of an entire field.,[object Object],Other, more narrowly focused courses include:,[object Object],JS2228: Gender and Sexuality in Japan,[object Object],SN2234: Gender and Society in South Asia,[object Object],EN3244: Gender and Literature,[object Object],GE3206: Gender, Place and Space,[object Object],PH3217: Women in Philosophy,[object Object],PS3237: Women in Politics,[object Object],SW3206: Gender Issues in Social Work Practice,[object Object],And many more…,[object Object]

How do I apply this knowledge?,[object Object],Immediate Application,[object Object],How do I write an essay for the final exam?!,[object Object],To be discussed more in the latter part of the course.,[object Object],Lifelong Application,[object Object],How does gender affect my life?,[object Object],Drawing connections, lecture-to-lecture.,[object Object],Questions and “food for thought”.,[object Object]

Today’s Lecture…,[object Object],Masculinity and Femininity in Traditional and Popular Cultures,[object Object],Fathering (Chopra),[object Object],Change over Time,[object Object],Race and Gender,[object Object],Sexuality and Power,[object Object],Male Gaze,[object Object],Female Tease?,[object Object]

“Retrieving the Father” (Chopra),[object Object],Revising Feminist views of Masculinity,[object Object],“Absent” Fathers,[object Object],Father as provider and authority; not caregiver,[object Object],Kopo’i – Father Love,[object Object],Traditional Cultures,[object Object],Fathering in film.,[object Object],Popular Cultures,[object Object],Chopra is arguing:,[object Object],For diverse fathering,[object Object],Father love is masculine and distinct from “mothering”,[object Object]

Transitions Through Time and Space,[object Object],Masculinity and Femininity are constructed differently in different times and places.,[object Object],Two Examples: Traditional Cultures; Popular Culture,[object Object],“Where Have all the Trans-Gender Ritual Specialist Gone?” (Peletz 2006, Current Anthropology),[object Object],Hollywood Images of Masculinity in the Late 20th Century,[object Object]

Examples of Transgender Ritual Specialists in Southeast Asian History,[object Object],Pre-Colonial Southeast Asia: Widespread Evidence of “Trans-Gender” Ritual Specialists,[object Object],Sida-Sida (Peninsular Malay),[object Object],Bissu and others (Bugis),[object Object],Basir and Balian (NgajuDayak),[object Object],HauBralin (Khmer Initiation Ritual),[object Object],Acault (Burma),[object Object],As well as others…,[object Object]

Where have all the Transgender Ritual Specialists Gone?,[object Object],Southeast Asia Today: Less tolerant attitudes; Greater marginalization of transgender practices,[object Object],But still many examples and more tolerance than elsewhere: Pondan (Malaysia), Banci (Indonesia), Khatoey (Thailand), Bakla & Bantut (Philippines),[object Object],Why less tolerance? Modernity? State bureaucratic rationalism? Religion (esp. the spread of Islam and Christianity)? Capitalism? Westernization?,[object Object],Transition from “gender pluralism” to “gender dualism” (see: Peletz, Current Anthropology, 2006),[object Object]

Hollywood Images of Masculinity,[object Object],1970s: Clint Eastwood: Independent, Solitary Figure (High Plains Drifter 1973, Dirty Harry 1971),[object Object],1977: Luke Skywalker: The New-Age Spiritual Male,[object Object],1993: Falling Down: Hegemonic Middle-Class, White, American Masculinity Hegemony in Crisis,[object Object],Struggling to come to terms in a changing world.,[object Object],Vigilante (“Dirty Harry”) is now the Bad Guy.,[object Object],1999: “Fight Club”: Reclaiming Masculinity,[object Object]

Falling Down: Notes and Reflections,[object Object],Crisis of Hegemonic Masculinity: White, Middle-Class, English-speaking, Middle-Age, American Family-Man,[object Object],“I’m the bad guy?”: The world turned upside-down.,[object Object],Intersection of Gender, Race, Class, Age,[object Object],Falling Down in Singapore?,[object Object],Chinese, Hokkien-Speaking, Middle-Class, Middle-Age, Singaporean Family-Man?,[object Object],Is there a “crisis of masculinity”?,[object Object],If so, how does it play out?,[object Object]

Fight Club: Notes and Reflections,[object Object],Fight-Therapy (Masculine) vs. Talk-Therapy (Feminine),[object Object],Lack of male role models (divorce culture, absentee fathers, “Our fathers were our models for God. If our fathers bailed, what does that tell us about God?),[object Object],Problematic relationships with women (single mothers; dysfunctional heterosexuality),[object Object],Struggling with symbolic status competition and identity (“you’re not your f***in’ khakis”),[object Object]

Gender, Race and Masculinity,[object Object],The Green Hornet,[object Object],1966-1967 TV series, with Bruce Lee as Kato,[object Object],2011 Movie, Jay Chou (pop star) as Kato and Seth Rogan (comedian) as Green Hornet,[object Object],Who is the leader?,[object Object],Who is the sidekick?,[object Object],Who “gets the girl”?,[object Object],Does Hollywood produce “Asian” masculinity?,[object Object]

A Pop Culture Critique of Pop Culture…,[object Object],“Stupid Girls”,[object Object]

Second & Third Wave Feminism,[object Object],Pink “Stupid Girls”,[object Object],“Second Wave” Feminism,[object Object],Rejection of “Emphasized” Femininity,[object Object],Gain Power through Competing with Men (“What happened to the dream of a girl President…”),[object Object],Spice Girls “Wannabe”,[object Object],“Third Wave” Feminism,[object Object],Assume Equality/Status as a Given,[object Object],Gain Power through leveraging Femininity and Sexuality (“If you want to be my lover, you have got to give…” i.e. you get sex if you do what I want you to do.),[object Object]

Imagery, Representations & Power,[object Object],The “Male Gaze” versus the “Female Tease”,[object Object],How are women represented in popular culture?,[object Object],What sort of power (and vulnerability) do pop culture representations create?,[object Object]

The Male Gaze,[object Object],Women are subject to “the male gaze” through advertising and in public spaces.,[object Object],Gender/feminist theorist argue that the male gaze operates as a form of harassment, discipline and control.,[object Object],Women subjected to the male gaze must learn to control their own bodies in public.,[object Object]

The Female Tease?,[object Object],Third Wave feminist argue that women should assert themselves sexually as a form of power.,[object Object],Does the “female tease” reverses or contests the power of the “male gaze”?,[object Object],Example: Pussy Cat Dolls,[object Object]

Traditional Themes of Feminism and Gender Studies:,[object Object],[object Object]

The “Madonna/whore” complex

Patriarchal culture expects women to be both chaste (Madonna – the ‘virgin Mary’) and sexually available/promiscuous (whore); creating a difficult double standard for women to follow.

Objectification of Women as Sex Objects.

The “male gaze” as agent of objectification.

Oppression of women by patriarchal culture.,[object Object]

Reaction to “Second Wave” Feminism

Largely assumes that women do have or should have equal status.

Rejects the de-feminized and de-sexualized image of “bra-burning feminists”

Represented in Popular Culture by the Spice Girls as a “Girl Power” Pop Group.

For example “Wanna Be” (“If you wannabe my lover, you gotta get with my friends…”; Priority of girlfriends over boyfriends.) ,[object Object]

About the PCD (according to Wikipedia):

Formed as a Burlesque Troupe, 1995-2003.

Gained notoriety after 1999 Playboy pictorial.

Re-cast as Musical Group, 2003-Present.

Second Album (Doll Domination): 2008.,[object Object]

“Don’t Cha”(PCD’s First Hit Single),[object Object],[object Object]

“Don’t cha wish your girlfriend was hot like me… a freak like me… fun like me”

“Fight the feeling. Leave it alone. ‘Cause if it ain’t love, it just ain’t enough to leave a happy home…”,[object Object]

Sc2220 lecture 6 2011

Sc2220 lecture 6 2011

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Sc2220 lecture 6 2011