2. Nerina age 42, paralyze as a result of
motorbike accident 5 years ago. She is
proposing for a RM 250,000 endowment
policy.
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3. Age
โข Stage 2
Paralyse
downwards
โข Paraplegia
Medical
report from
the doctor
โข current
medical status
โข how bad
โข past history
โข other illnesses
โข effect
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4. This stages of life
(Stage 2) show that
protection is vital as
the death of either
spouse during these
periods would cripple
any family financially.
Here, term insurance
and small amount of
permanent cover
(whole of life) provide
the cover required.
Disability income
insurance is also an
important benefit to
be considered for
both of these and the
next stage.
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5. Paraplegia, paralysis of the lower part of
the body, commonly affecting both legs
and often internal organs below the
waist.
When both legs and arms are affected,
the condition is called quadriplegia.
Paraplegia and quadriplegia are caused
by an injury or disease that damages
the spinal cord, and consequently
always affects both sides of the body.
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6. While some people with
paraplegia can walk to a
degree but it may not be
good for the hip, many
are dependent on
wheelchairs or other
supportive measures.
Depending on the level
and extent of spinal
damage, people with
paraplegia may
experience some, or
complete loss of
sensation in the affected
limbs.
Impotence and various
degrees of urinary and
faecal incontinence may
also occur.
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7. Due to the decrease or
loss of feeling or function in
the lower extremities,
paraplegia can contribute
to a number of medical
complications including
pressure sores (decubitus),
thrombosis, and
pneumonia.
Physiotherapy and various
assistive technologies,
such as a standing frame,
as well as vigilant self-
observation and care, may
aid in helping to prevent
future complications and
mitigate existing
complications.
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8. Interventions
The treatment of paraplegia seeks to
restore proper spine alignment,
stabilize the injured spinal area,
decompress any involved neurologic
structures, and rehabilitate the patient
as quickly as possible.
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9. When the paraplegic patient
progresses from bed rest to use of a
wheelchair, the nurse is alert to any
signs of orthostatic hypotension.
Special binders and ant embolism
hose are used to help the patient
adjust to the transition from bed to
wheelchair.
Prevention of pressure sores is an
important priority.
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10. Because rehabilitation
is the ultimate goal for
a paraplegic patient,
the patient care during
the early stages of the
disorder must be
particularly concerned
with preventing
complications that may
stand in the way of
successful
rehabilitation.
These complications
include pressure
ulcers, respiratory
disorders, orthopedic
deformities, urinary
tract infections or
calculi, and
gastrointestinal
disorders.
The psychological and
emotional aspects of
paraplegia also must
be considered.
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11. The type of bed used and the positioning
of the patient with paraplegia will depend
on the cause and extent of the paralysis
and the preference of the health care
provider.
Patients with spinal cord injuries may be
placed in traction or the spinal cord may be
hyperextended by placing the patient's
head at the foot of the bed and adjusting
the bed.
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12. Hypostatic pneumonia and
other respiratory problems are
guarded against by deep
breathing exercises.
The patient should be protected
from respiratory infections, such
as the COMMON COLD, which
can have serious complications
in a paraplegic who is confined
to bed.
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13. Until the patient is allowed
out of bed and can
engage in some form of
physical activity, range of
motion EXERCISES for
all joints should be
performed frequently.
Proper positioning of the
feet and legs will help
prevent contractures,
footdrop, and ankylosis.
A program of therapeutic
EXERCISE, including
passive and active
exercises, is initiated to
maintain any remaining
muscle function and to
restore as much muscle
activity in the affected
parts as possible.
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14. URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS and the
formation of CALCULI, particularly in the
bladder, present real problems for the
patient with paralysis.
If there is no control over urination, an
indwelling CATHETER may be the
technique of choice for keeping the patient
dry, but it also predisposes to infection.
A thorough assessment of the patient's
status and potential for achieving bladder
control should be made before a final
choice is made.
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15. A flaccid bowel produces
abdominal distention and
predisposes the patient to
faecal impaction.
The patient may have
faecal INCONTINENCE
as well as frequent
accumulations of flatus
and faecal material in the
lower intestine.
Rehabilitation of the
patient then requires
working out some method
of bowel control so that
regularity of defecation
can be accomplished.
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16. There are two types of spinal
cord injuries.
Complete spinal cord injuries
refer to the types of injuries that
result in complete loss of
function below the level of the
injury.
while incomplete spinal cord
injuries are those that result in
some sensation and feeling
below the point of injury. SNH
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23. CLASS EXAMPLE
Class 1 โ Minimal accident/health
risk
- Professional, administrative, clerical
workers.
Class 2 โ Slight accident/health
risk
- Moderate level of manual work; semi-
skilled occupations involving a small
level of manual work.
Class 3 โ Moderate accident - Skilled occupations of a predominantly
manual nature.
Class 4 โ Appreciable accident - Certain unskilled occupations in which
the physical and moral hazards
appears acceptable.
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28. In Rasheed case, he
asks for RM 100,000.
Seeking large
amounts of insurance
can disproportionately
increase his premium.
The insurance
company looks at his
income and why he
needs the insurance.
For example, he might
want it to cover living
expenses for
dependents.
The company then
determines how much
insurance would cover
these expenses.
Asking for insurance
substantially above
this value will indicate
he is in bad risk and
result in high
premiums or denial of
higher coverage
levels.
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29. Credit to my great friends Muhammad Hamdi Puteh, Norazuin Jonit and Natasha
Ismail!! ๏
Credit to Google images
Credit to http://www.pptbackgroundstemplates.com
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