1. Regulation of Blood Sugar During Exercise

2. Diabetes Adequate amount of insulin is not produced Insulin not used effectively due to tissue insensitivity

3. Insulin transports glucose (blood sugar) into cells throughout the body for energy Without insulin, glucose is unable to enter the cell, so it remains in the bloodstream Accumulation is eventually excreted by the body If uncontrolled can result in blood vessel, heart, nerve, feet, eye, and kidney problems Insulin & glucose

4. Exercise has an insulin-like effect Stimulates glucose transport and metabolism Increases blood flow to exercising muscles More glucose to enter the muscle to be burned up for energy Exercise lowers glucose levels

5. Reduction in abdominal fat Increase in muscle mass Increased number of insulin receptors Improved skeletal muscle insulin action Improved glucose tolerance Exercise improves insulin sensitivity

6. Exercise can reduce insulin requirements by 30-50% Improved insulin sensitivity lasting 1 – 2 days after each bout of exercise Insulin is more effective in glucose uptake Improved cardiovascular and psychological well-being Must be regular exercise and long-term to keep improvements Type 1 Diabetes

7. Regular exercise leads to long-term improvements in diabetic control For obese type 2 diabetics, the combination of diet and exercise can reduce insulin requirements up to 100% Type 2 Diabetes

8. American Diabetes Association. (2002). Diabetes mellitus and exercise. Diabetes Care, 25(suppl. 1). doi:10.2337 /diacare.25.2007.S64 Durstine, J.L., Moore, G. E., Painter, P. L., & Roberts, S.O. (Eds.).(2009). ACSM’s exercise management for persons with chronic diseases and disabilities (3rd Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Sources