以太坊介紹@中央資管

1. g
@ncu
2017.01.20
1

2. $ whoami
• 9N J N 和 享 ⽤是
– 3(( N J N (
– 和 享⼩ e⼒
• z t 也 後
– 3 第⽂ 電
– ⼒ 給 加 也 第⽂
• 都 d ⽚ ⽚t ⾝ 出 ⽤
–
– j機 ⼦
• 可⼒ d 實 7:F9
– FN HGF3 得這 e 也
2
C I B ( B A DB

3. u
• +))1 )
– FJ R BJTJ z 同# ⼤ 個本 以
• +))2
– ⽤
– 個本 ⽤
– ) ))) 個本 家fm
• +) )
–
– 3((KR RW P(
3

4. • 點本
• 本 兩
• 本 明
• g⼀p果 #
4

5. b
• w p 點本 多
– 來意 點本 明學
– 來意 點本 名
5

6. 6

7. s
7
⽂ 博
⽂
Secp256k1

8. )A Sd D
8
Alice Bob
點本 ~u 明學
來 eh 7UR N

9. )A Sd D
9
Alice Bob
7UR N ⽂ – 點本
8 K
點本 ~u 明學
來 eh 7UR N
密文

10. )A Sd D
10
Alice Bob
7UR N p 8 K fm 本e
點本 hu 明學
密文

11. S y
11
Alice Bob
8 K re 本k來g
+ 來 7UR N 全
, 來種 m 本 k 明

12. y
12
Alice Bob
#12344
#12345
n 本 ⼀pfm 新e

13. P
13
Alice Bob
#12345
⾼ hgh 7UR N e
+ 7UR N k ⾼
#12345
Alice: 100 -> 99
Bob: 100 -> 101

14. Recap
• ⽂
– 本 名
– 多eg #
• 新
– 沒 本 意
14

15. ZT
• ⽂
– 本 名
– 多eg #
• 新 mlvh果
– 沒 本 意
15
果 全 讓 e全
和 享 8U JRW#

16. )A Sd D
16
Alice Bob
#12345
Alice: 100 -> 99
Bob: 100 -> 101

17. Double-spending
17
Alice Bob
#12345
#12345
Charlie l 來 全

18. l Xkk
18
Alice Bob
#12345
#12345
Charlie
~ 作

19. 19
Alice Bob
#12345
#12345
Charlie
klv r 多 博 7UR N 在 e點本
8 K 9 J URN ou沒

20. 20
Alice Bob
#12345
#12345
Charlie
7UR N 種 k點本 +,-. j會 8 K i

21. Recap
• 來意 作
• 全 e 間
• y l博 多 全
21
Alice
7UR N 有
Sybil aHack

22. S
• 讓 下 h t 讓
• 讓 下 gh t ⻑ 讓
• 讓 下 h fm中 ln
– ⽣全
– 中 le p
22

23. Proof of Work
• 博 多 下
• 多博 們 有 FaKRU J J T#
• ⼤ 的 # 他博 多
• ⽽ #
• 意 全 #
23
和 沒 G

24. 2D
• mlv~說 D bbUN#
– f v~說
• gukl ⽣全如 ⽣和 e如 #
– ⽅
24
r W 45 , el ⽣全

25. SHA-2562(“abc” + “1”) =
158c09e82d88955d8a051934d12f74a53ea205743778165d1140a8903686e1ac
SHA-2562(“abc” + “2”) =
c72b0720d3302d76cd7b6b3f3dcb554d05f14fee8567cdda3ee8b7ff51e02015
.
.
.
SHA-2562(“abc” + “19”) =
005eR2ff3e871185b95bf7c8628e212d15a7d08c42235a381e06caa55856a0c
2D
• ⽽ 博 多 很分
25
Hash(TXs+nonce) < number
00000000000000005b95bf7c8628e212d15a7d08c42235a381e06caa55856a0c

26. SHA-2562(“abc” + “1”) =
158c09e82d88955d8a051934d12f74a53ea205743778165d1140a8903686e1ac
SHA-2562(“abc” + “2”) =
c72b0720d3302d76cd7b6b3f3dcb554d05f14fee8567cdda3ee8b7ff51e02015
.
.
.
SHA-2562(“abc” + “19”) =
005eR2ff3e871185b95bf7c8628e212d15a7d08c42235a381e06caa55856a0c
2D
• ⽽ 博 多 很分
26
算力越強的人越有機會擁有寫帳權
但不代表掌握 70% 算力別人就沒機會，只是概率低

27. a
27
Alice
#12345
#21397
#81345
#22345

28. 28
Block 1
...
Block 2
...
Block 3
...
Block 4
...
r和
Hash( Block 3 | TXs | nonce)
o e
區塊

29. AD @ C
29
Block 4
...
Block 5
...
Block 6
...
Block 7
...
Block 8
...
Block 9
...
NJW3 c ) 地 D R W MR RK R W#
Block N
... ………
困難度 (Difficulty)
區塊高度 (Block height) 區塊深度 (Block depth)
w m h

30. Recap
• 來意 作
– D 作 ⽅
– 多博 信r想m為
– 有下 看 ⾏⽔ j
• 全 e 間
• y l博 多 全
30
Alice
7UR N 有

31. Blockchain
• Demo
31

32. Ethereum 101
32

33. cWP Ethereum?
33
Vitalik Buterin
“Bitcoin was designed to be a SMTP. It’s a protocol
that is very good at one paracular task. It is good
for transferring money, but it was not designed as a
foundaaonal layer for any kind of protocols to be
built on top.”

34. cWP Ethereum?
34
Vitalik Buterin
“The need for a technology that was more
expansive, and that replicated the funcaonality of
Turing-complete programming languages in a way
that would be so powerful as to describe any
blockchain applicaaon.”

35. Bitcoin Ethereum
Creator Satoshi Nakamoto Ethereum
Player type cryptocurrency
Smart contract platform
with own cryptocurrency
Liquidity decent decent
currency code Bitcoin/ /BTC Ether/ /ETH
Public/Private blockchain public public
User identity pseudonymous pseudonymous
Consensus algorithm PoW PoW/PoS/Casper
Scripting language
Bitcoin Script
Language
Solidity
Smart contracts yes (limited) yes
Turing completeness no yes
Governance (development decisions, etc) Core team Ethereum Foundation
Transaction speed >10.0m 15s
Rapid payments Lightning Network Raiden Network
Processing cost (CPU,GPU,ASIC) high high
Other features UTXO GHOST
35

36. Components
• A cryptographic token
• An address system
• A network of validators (miners)
• A consensus algorithm
• A blockchain ledger
• The Ethereum Virtual Machine
• A set of programing languages
• Complex economic structures
36

37. Technology Stack (1/2)
37
• Full node
– go-ethereum (Golang)
– Parity (Rust)
– cpp-ethereum (C++)
– EthereumJ (Java)
– pyethereum (Python)
– ruby-ethereum (Ruby)

38. Technology Stack (2/2)
38
• Smart contract programming
– Solidity (JavaScript-like)
– Serpent (Python-like)
– LLL (Lisp-like)
– Viper
– Bamboo

39. ru t
• Ethereum has a blockchain
• Ethereum is public and permissionless
• Ethereum has Proof-of-Work (PoW) mining
– Ethash
• Ethereum has an inbuilt cryptocurrency (Ether)
39

40. ru t
• Ethereum’s block ame is shorter (15 seconds)
• Ethereum has smaller blocks
– 2,000,000 gas per block
– Limited by the gas à (2,000,000/x) transacaons
• The Ethereum Virtual Machine can run smart contracts
• ETH token issuance
40

41. ETH token issuance
G JU G 5 D N RWN 8U T N J M HW UN N J M HW UN NON NW RWP N J M
• D N RWN3 太還沒 0+)) m 本 有 e
g fe太還 要 1)) m 本
• 8U T N J M3 們 fm和 的 h.m 本 fm和 e ⼿ -動 家發
f k++. m和 ,/. +- /) /)( -# +. m 本
• HW UN N J M3 j z k 和 j f gh j
享s 裡 HW UN和 個本ze 和 C JW KU T# 和
~ e和 說了 和 e的 的 e 要
. 0(1#5- ,0.m 本 HW UN和 e沒 ⽅ f ⼿k 0)) m 本
• HW UN NON NW RWP N J M3 jHW UN和 e和 ) . 本
f#
• 的 e= U . NNMa NJ RN 1K N NM K NN#41

42. 圖片來自 https://bitsonblocks.net
42

43. 沒 ⽂ /- ( ,+ Ka N #
+ ⽂ 到 9:F7 下 +1 ( /- Ka N #
, -) (+) Ka N #
– /- Ka N
– – J J e成下 @N JT +./ J J ,+ Ka N
– ,+ Ka N e + Ka N 現 於 e +) Ka N oh -) #
• N WJU JMM N N #
• ⼿ 9 W J JMM N N #
43

44. Timeline
44
H r E H pn lO
,D )HH @ +1, DE D B GE

45. 45
hHps://etherscan.io/block/3000000

46. 46
hHps://etherscan.io/block/3000000
hHps://etherscan.io/tx/0xb95ab9484280074f7b8c6a3cf5ffe2bf0c39168433adcdedc1aacd10d994d95a

47. Ether & Gas
• Ether: token
• Gas: computaaon cost
47

48. Gas
• n所 多 JW J R W# 看 ⼿ W J # j N N s 主
e 要y m 樣看y m ⼀p⾞ e 因時
fm vu ⾞ e PJ 明每e ⼀p ⾞事ye
下 ⼀e PJ
• PJ m 有 h p種 ⼿~ gu
e ⾞
48

49. Gas
• j 8R RW z f⾼ 多⼀p 所 hx 多et
JW J R W RbN#因 j N N e e 下
j和 享 s ⼀pe
• n j N N z m ⼿ ⽤ t g k ~
e⽤ ⾞ e PJ 主 e y 定r J,因
j 8R RW 多就才e y et t 事
49

50. 50
Total cost = gasUsed * gasPrice

51. Gas price
• PJ R N m PJ 上 y N N PJ R N u能這 ⼀不被
• PJ R N e h NR NR 5 ) 1 N N
• PJ R N e 之
51

52. 52

53. 53
韩梅梅 李雷
0.319 BTC
Fees 0.001 BTC
0.32 BTC
1AnLpMkAmf7jy2BNkP3oYw1phzhNuLws7M (0.32 BTC) 1GJYiog3ato17SSTFCCdkZ44H6LdkW9j1V (0.319 BTC)
Tx Fee: 0.001 BTC
u
Bitcoin Unconfirmed Transacaon ( ) !!!

54. 54
{
"hash":"7c4025...",
"ver":1,
"vin_sz":1,
"vout_sz":1,
"lock_ame":0,
"size":224,
"in":[{
"prev_out":{
"hash":"2007ae...",
"n":0
},
"scriptSig":"304502... 042b2d..."
}],
"out":[{
"value":"0.31900000",
"scriptPubKey":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 a7db6f OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
}]
}
metadata
Input(s)
output(s)
• 交易 ID (流水號)
• 版本
• Input 數量
• output數量
• 區塊鎖定時間
• 交易大小
hHps://blockchain.info/rawtx/7c402505be883276b833d57168a048cfdf306a926484c0b58930f53d89d036f9

55. 55
{
"hash":"7c4025...",
"ver":1,
"vin_sz":1,
"vout_sz":1,
"lock_ame":0,
"size":224,
"in":[{
"prev_out":{
"hash":"2007ae...",
"n":0
},
"scriptSig":"304502... 042b2d..."
}],
"out":[{
"value":"0.31900000",
"scriptPubKey":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 a7db6f OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
}]
}
metadata
Input(s)
output(s)
hHps://blockchain.info/rawtx/7c402505be883276b833d57168a048cfdf306a926484c0b58930f53d89d036f9
• 之前的交易 ID (pointer)
• 第幾個 ouput
• 簽名 scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>

56. 56
{
"hash":"7c4025...",
"ver":1,
"vin_sz":1,
"vout_sz":1,
"lock_ame":0,
"size":224,
"in":[{
"prev_out":{
"hash":"2007ae...",
"n":0
},
"scriptSig":"304502... 042b2d..."
}],
"out":[{
"value":"0.31900000",
"scriptPubKey":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 a7db6f OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
}]
}
metadata
Input(s)
output(s)
hHps://blockchain.info/rawtx/7c402505be883276b833d57168a048cfdf306a926484c0b58930f53d89d036f9
• 轉出金額
• bitcoin script

57. 57
{
"hash":"7c4025...",
"ver":1,
"vin_sz":1,
"vout_sz":1,
"lock_ame":0,
"size":224,
"in":[{
"prev_out":{
"hash":"2007ae...",
"n":0
},
"scriptSig":"304502... 042b2d..."
}],
"out":[{
"value":"0.31900000",
"scriptPubKey":"OP_DUP OP_HASH160 a7db6f OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG"
}]
}
metadata
Input(s)
output(s)
hHps://blockchain.info/rawtx/7c402505be883276b833d57168a048cfdf306a926484c0b58930f53d89d036f9

58. 58
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7

59. 59
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7
<pubKey>

60. 60
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7
<pubKey>
<pubKey>

61. 61
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7
<pubKey>
<pubKeyHash>

62. 62
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7
<pubKey>
<pubKeyHash>
<pubKeyHash>

63. 63
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
<sig>
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7
<pubKey>

64. 64
scriptSig: <sig> <pubKey>
scriptPubKey: OP_DUP OP_HASH160 <pubKeyHash> OP_EQUALVERIFY OP_CHECKSIG
True
a7db6ff121871c65a8924b8e40f160d385515ad7

65. Turing-complete
programming languages
65

66. cWP
• )
– (
–
–
•
•
• (
–
–
66
圖片來自 https://bitsonblocks.net

67. ir
67
• 合約的執行會依據不同時間的事件或設定的規則，而更新狀態或價值

68. Blockchain is the Internet's society,
and smart contracts are its laws.

70. 70

71. • f
– ⼈ N N URNW
– URMR a ⽣ ⼿
– URMR a RUN
– NK, S ⼿在 更
• ⼀pk年 享看 享 年 #
• 前每
71
• Full node
– go-ethereum (Golang)
– Parity (Rust)

72. Truffle + Testrpc
• Truffle
– hHps://github.com/ConsenSys/truffle
• Testrpc
– hHps://github.com/ethereumjs/testrpc
• ⾼
– hHps://cl.ly/iqCw/ETH_dev.html
– hHps://cl.ly/i7Sd/truffle.html
• g⼀p更開 分為
• j 年 主 ⼿
• 分
• 說對 BR T e⾼ t ⽤ #
– 3(( NMR (6 NM T
72

73. 73

74. Data carrier for DApps
74
• Oraclize: hHp://www.oraclize.it/
– hHps://github.com/oraclize/ethereum-examples/tree/master/solidity
•

75. Ethereum Alarm Clock
• Schedule transacaons to be executed at a later ame.
• Enare service operates as smart contracts on the Ethereum
blockchain, with no priviledged access given to any party.
– hHp://www.ethereum-alarm-clock.com
75

76. Ethereum ComputaSon Market
• The computaaon market is a service for Ethereum that allows
for verifiable off-chain execuaon of computaaons that would
be otherwise prohibiavely expensive to execute within the
EVM.
– hHp://www.ethereum-computaaon-market.com
76

77. zeppelin-solidity
• A Framework to Build Secure Smart Contracts
– Common contract security paHerns
– In the Solidity language
– hHps://openzeppelin.org
77

78. Ethereum Dev (1/2)
無開 N N ⽂k享
+ m W MN
, ⾯ PN J JF R 9 W UN
- 開 全 開 多 KU T
. ⽂k享e RWN
/ ED9 U 到
0 N N 8U T N U N
1 F J 9 W J W N N
2 AR
) F URMR a
:7 P J RWP
78

79. Ethereum Dev (1/2)
• Track 1
1. Introducaon to Smart Contracts
2. Seng up the development environment with truffle and testrpc
3. Reading documentaaon and reference resources
4. Watching tutorials on building Smart Contracts
5. Smart contract security and tesang
• Track 2
1. Seng up a development environment with ReactJS and Firebase
2. ReactJS and firebase Hello World
3. Research on Ethereum and Dapp
4. Development of a non-trivial Smart Contract Applicaaon
5. Building user-centric interfaces
6. Should have a keen interest on building beauaful yet simple UI 79

80. • 三以
– hHp://gavwood.com/Paper.pdf
• 可
– hHps://github.com/EtherTW/Taipei-Ethereum-Wiki/wiki/Learning-Resources
• 成過
– hHps://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8CB0ZkvogP7tnCTDR-zV7g/videos
80

81. g
• GJR NR N N ANN
– 3(( NN (GJR NR N N ANN (
• <J NK T
– 3(( OJ NK T (P (--,0. )0+-1-0,2(
81

82. Q & A
Thanks for your listening!
82