1. Delivering on the Promise.
John Carroll University Symposium
May 17, 2012
Pete Metzloff
pmetzloff@skodaminotti.com

2. Delivering on the Promise.
• Lease Accounting
Areas • Revenue Recognition
We Will • Convergence with International Standards
Cover • Big GAAP – Little GAAP
• Other Comprehensive Income
(Accounting)
• Goodwill impairment– qualitative analysis
• Financial Statement Disclosures
• Long Term Receivables
• ERISA - Multiemployer Benefit Plans
• Health Care Organizations
•Offsets
•Principal or Agent (“gross or net”)

3. Delivering on the Promise.
• SAS 70 morphs into SOC 1/2/3
Areas • PCAOB Matters:
We Will • Releases on “audit failures”
Cover • Proposed auditor “MD&A”
(Auditing) • Proposal on related parties
• EC proposal for mandatory five year rotation
and prohibition on other services

4. Delivering on the Promise.
Lease Accounting

5. Delivering on the Promise.
Lease Accounting
• FAS 13 (1976) and many amendments established a rules based, bright line
standard. Only capital leases are reflected on the balance sheet.
• August 2010 ED would require operating leases be reflected on the balance
sheet as a liability and a “right to use” asset. A revised ED is coming.
• Expense pattern would be front loaded (see next slide), because operating
lease rent expense would be replaced by depreciation AND interest expense
(just like the early years of a house mortgage).
• Existing leases would not be grandfathered, although there would not be a
one-time expense charge upon adoption. Rather, the P/L effect on existing
leases would be spread.
• Companies will be inclined to seek leases with short terms, or month-to-month
arrangements. Even short term (1 year or less) leases get recorded on an
undiscounted basis.

6. Delivering on the Promise.
Proposed Lease Accounting
• Graph is a 10 year lease, 8%, $1,000 asset. Annual payment = $149
• For a new lease, record net present value of the obligation as an
asset and a liability of $1,000.
Interest expense
Depreciation expense
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7. Delivering on the Promise.
Other Nuances
• Companies may have to renegotiate debt covenants.
• Leverage and capital ratios will be negatively impacted.
• EBITDA will improve (early adoption of the ED not permitted!).
• For lessors, an assessment of ongoing risk is performed. In many cases, a
“performance obligation method” that mirrors the capital lease accounting
model is used. Ongoing service components within the lease are carved out
and accounted for separately.
Revised ED expected in 2012 to address concerns (960 nasty letters):
• Retroactive implementation burden.
• Front-loading expense pattern is controversial. FASB may create
financing/other than financing model, or just cave in.
• Difficulty of assessing “more likely than not” lease renewals and contingent
rentals, which are included in the initial entry.
• Effective date may be synced with revenue recognition ~ 2015.

8. Delivering on the Promise.
Lease Accounting Action Steps
• Client should determine the potential impact on financials, ratios and
covenants.
• Review existing capitalization policies – an appropriate threshold policy can
avoid undue administrative burden for smaller leases (e.g., office copiers).
• Audit the information flow within the accounting department to ensure all new
leases and any modifications to existing leases are properly evaluated and
recorded.
• Evaluate the impact of the proposed rule on tax accounting, as the new model
will likely result in additional differences for income tax accounting purposes.
There may also be a negative impact on some state and local income taxes if
book amounts are required to be used.
• Watch for the revised ED.

9. Delivering on the Promise.
Revenue Recognition

10. Delivering on the Promise.
Revenue Recognition (Revised ED issued Nov 2011)
• Some 200 industry specific rules in GAAP will be wiped clean.
• Replace rules based with a single model based on clear principles.
• Core criteria for revenue recognition is transfer of control of the asset to the
customer. You record an amount that reflects the consideration expected to
be received.
• Requires identification and segmentation of contract into “performance
obligations” or units of accounting that are distinct/delivered at different times.
• Must consider elements such as: transaction price, credit risk, time value and
variable consideration.
• Contractors will see significant changes (percentage of completion method).
• Revised presentation on the income statement.
• Extensive disclosure requirements.
• Conceptually, the P&L matching concept is effectively replaced with a net
balance sheet approach. (We saw this years ago with income taxes.)
• ED would require retroactive restatement (controversial).

11. Delivering on the Promise.
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12. Delivering on the Promise.
Step 1 - Criteria to Identify a Contract
• Must have commercial substance (can be verbal or implied).
• Parties have approved the contract and are committed.
• Identify enforceable rights.
• Identify terms and manner of payment.
Step 2 – Performance Obligation
• An example of separation into units of accounting is a warranty. A two year
service plan on a TV would be accounted for separately. Instead of recording
100% of revenue with a related estimate of warranty cost, under the ED, you
would record less revenue up front. Some of the gross profit belongs to the
warranty. Another common example is a “free” cell phone with a 2 year
service contract.

13. Delivering on the Promise.
Steps 3 + 4 – Transaction Price, consider:
• Collectability – today, if not reasonably assured, no revenue is recognized.
Under the ED, you would use some sort of probability-weighted estimate, but
would likely record something. Subsequent changes in this assessment may
become elements of income or expense, NOT revenue.
• Time value of money – if there is a material financing arrangement, you
discount the consideration.
• Any noncash consideration – use fair value of what is received.
More use of estimates will be required.

14. Delivering on the Promise.
Other Examples of Changes
• Bill and Hold arrangements – the tough current rules would end up being
relaxed.
• Loyalty programs – would be a separate performance obligation. An airline
would not be able to use the incremental cost model for its frequent flyer
points.

15. Delivering on the Promise.
Action Steps
• Inventory existing sales agreements.
• Consider potential impact on marketing,
bundling, pricing strategy.
• Evaluate existing IT systems and data
collection processes.
• Monitor final standard (~ 1Q 2013) and
effective date, especially if the
retroactive restatement element is
retained.

16. Delivering on the Promise.
Convergence of US GAAP
with
International Standards

17. Delivering on the Promise.
Convergence
• SEC signaled in December 2011 that it’s original timeline for convergence or
acceptance of IFRS for US public company reporting is still “months away.”
• Once staff issues a study, then the SEC will consider endorsement,
convergence or something in between.
• Issues include a “big bang” adoption of IFRS by all companies, or a more
gradual approach based on size, as we saw for SOX requirements.

18. Delivering on the Promise.
Big GAAP vs Little GAAP

19. Delivering on the Promise.
Blue Ribbon Panel for Private Company GAAP
• December 2010 proposal to form a group similar to the FASB, under
the same umbrella foundation.
• Proposed using US GAAP “with exceptions.”
• Financial Accounting Foundation said no to a separate standard
setter in October 2011.
• FASB does seem to be addressing private company concerns now.
– Qualitative assessment (“Step 0”) for goodwill impairment
– Proposal to follow the same process for other intangible assets
– Simplification of OCI
– Another look at Fair Value disclosures (Level 1/2/3 table may go away)
– Less onerous disclosures for revenue recognition matters
• AICPA may take over!
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20. Delivering on the Promise.
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21. Delivering on the Promise.
Other Comprehensive Income

22. Delivering on the Promise.
Other Comprehensive Income
• Will have to show it on the fact of the income statement, not on a statement of
changes in equity.
• Might get rid of the hated “reclassification adjustment” that nobody
understands (2013).

23. Delivering on the Promise.
Goodwill and Intangibles
Impairment:
Qualitative assessments

24. Delivering on the Promise.
Goodwill Impairment -- Qualitative Characteristics To
Consider under ASU 2011-08
Management can now qualitatively assess (“Step 0”) whether it is more likely
than not (50%) that carrying value exceeds fair value. If so, you can stop.
Consider things such as:
• Macroeconomic conditions in the general economy
• Change in the industry, including company trends related to peers
• Cost factors, such as increases in raw materials or labor
• Losses, negative or declining cash flows or EBITDA
• Changes in management, litigation, customer base
Theoretically, it only takes one negative characteristic to “fail” – i.e., require the
mathematical Step 1 computation and possibly the Step 2 analysis.

25. Delivering on the Promise.
Financial Statement
Disclosures

26. Delivering on the Promise.
Long Term Receivables
• ASU 2010-20 (ASC 310.10) was effective for private companies in 2011. Any
long-term receivables (e.g., sales type lease receivables, shareholder loans,
related party receivables) meet the definition. Only short-term trade
receivables are exempted. It requires:
• An accounting policy footnote.
• A table of maturities, disaggregated by broad type of receivables.
• A table of activity for any allowance for bad debts applicable to these
receivables, disaggregated by broad type of receivable.
Sample policy:
As a part of our normal business operations, we enter into agreements with
other parties to pursue business opportunities, including loans and long-
term receivables to certain affiliate and non-affiliate companies. These are
assessed for impairment when events indicate the loan balance may not be
fully recoverable.

27. Delivering on the Promise.
Multiemployer Benefit Plans
• Many of these union or similar plans are significantly underfunded.
• May need to assess and disclose or record a liability for additional
required contributions, if probable.
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28. Delivering on the Promise.
Health Care Organizations
• Can not net a medical malpractice claim liability against a potential
insurance recovery receivable.
• Must now show bad debts as a negative revenue line rather than an
operation expense.
• There is a footnote disclosure table of contractual allowances and
activity in the allowance for bad debts by major payer type.
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29. Delivering on the Promise.
Offsets
• Effective for 2013, the long standing rule for offsets (formerly the 1966 APB10
+ FIN 39) is confirmed, but you will have to disclose the gross amounts in the
footnotes anyway.

30. Delivering on the Promise.
Gross vs. Net
• A November 2011 ED under the guise of tweaking ASC 810 / FAS 167 / FIN
46 on variable interest entities and consolidations would take a fresh look at
whether a decision-making arrangement exists (and if so consolidation might
be required). This could also affect existing accounting for gross versus net
reporting.
• Currently, there are a number of criteria contained in EITF 99-19 that are used
to evaluate the facts; mostly having to do with risk.

31. Delivering on the Promise.
On the more distant horizon …
• Loss Contingencies – an Exposure Draft would revamp FAS 5 to
require booking something, based on weighted probabilities. It
received 380 letters, nearly all negative. FASB has signaled a slow
down for this project.

32. Delivering on the Promise.
Auditing Matters

33. Delivering on the Promise.
SAS 70 Audits = SOC 1
The new types and applicable standards for Service Organization
Control reports are:
• As of June 30, 2011, SAS 70 became SOC 1 or “SSAE 16
Attestations.”
• Management must conclude and assert that all risk areas have been
included in the scope of the project – can’t scope out problem areas.
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34. Delivering on the Promise.
SOC 2
• A SOC 2 engagement that deals with only IT controls where the
third party service provides does not directly affect the financial
statements of the user is now a different sort of report, governed by
different technical standards (AT 101// SSAE 11).
• AICPA published a guide “Reporting on Controls at a Service
Organization Relevant to Security, Availability, Processing Integrity,
Confidentiality, or Privacy (SOC 2).” Appendix B to this guide
contains “Trust Service Principles.” Several hundred pages of “one
size fits all” requirements that don’t seem to make a lot of sense.
• The distribution of both SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports are limited. Like
the former SAS 70 audits, SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports can be either a
type 1 (design only) or type 2 (design and effectiveness for a period
of time).
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35. Delivering on the Promise.
SOC 3
SOC 3 – an entirely new type of report dealing with certain web based trust
principles, where certification is intended to be broadly disseminated to the
general public. It is based on the AICPA’s Trust Services Criteria.
GAAS - Finally, “clarity project” guidance to the auditor on how to use a SOC
report is now found in auditing literature (section AU402).

36. Delivering on the Promise.
PCAOB’s most recent “ding” on auditors: [26/57 were deficient]
• Inadequate physical inventory observations or no expansion of scope to
other locations when significant physical inventory differences existed.
• Presence of going concern indicators not linked to goodwill impairment as a
risk area, or inadequate testing of budget or other assumptions used for
goodwill impairment testing.
• Collectability not considered in assessing revenue recognition.
• Failure to audit “Other Than Temporary Impairment” of investments.
• Failure to test the input of data to an actuary.
• No test of inventory cut-off performed.
• Ineffective general IT controls that should have resulted in increased
substantive testing.
• Failure to test impairment of long-lived assets and related assumptions of
future cash flows.
• Failure to test for impairment of finite life intangibles.
• No test of a construction contractor’s provision for loss contracts.

37. Delivering on the Promise.
PCAOB proposal – auditing related parties
• Proposal would be effective for 2013.
• Expand the auditor’s responsibility to audit accounting & disclosures for
issuers to include specific procedures for each disclosed or significant risk.
• Perform other procedures when a previously undisclosed transaction is
identified. Some examples:
• Buying/selling at prices significantly different than market
• Sales with unusual terms
• Bill and hold // round-trip transactions
• Borrowing/lending at zero interest or no fixed repayment terms; making
loans without collateral or the ability to repay
• Occupying a premise or receiving/providing management services
without consideration
• Guarantees outside the normal course of business

38. Delivering on the Promise.
EC proposals
• In November 2011, the European Commission proposed a 6 year maximum
term for any auditing firm to serve (not just engagement partner rotation).
• No other nonaudit services (e.g., taxes or consulting) could be performed.
• PCAOB is also studying the issue, but with a 10 year term.
• PCAOB has another proposal that would require the outside auditor to include
a sort of MD&A on their thought process on accounting and auditing issues for
the company.

39. Delivering on the Promise.
A few last minute zingers:
• Positive Pay – continued instances of fraudulent checks being presented by
fabricating authentic looking checks
• Form 5500 filed for medical plans – even though these plans generally have
no assets, a filing is required and we are seeing the assessment of fines for
noncompliance
• Common peer review issues:
• Engagement letters (or other documentation) about Rule 101-3 on non-
attest services
• Documentation of required communications with “those charged with
governance” [SAS 114 in 2007]
• Failure to properly consider VIE / FIN 46 / ASC 810 / just issued TIS
9150.29 (just issued GAAP departure language for a compilation/review
engagement […many elements would be materially affected …])

40. Delivering on the Promise.
Questions ?