Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production system - creating target environments for rice breeders

Mapping of abiotic stresses in
rice production systems
Characterization of target environments

Sander Zwart
GIS / remote sensing / water resources

STRASA Phase III - Africa planning workshop
February 28 - March 1, 2014 - Cotonou, Benin

Presentation outline
1. Introduction to spatial analysis at AfricaRice +
link to STRASA
2. Advances and goals for abiotics stress
mapping
3. Partnerships and way forward


Spatial analysis at AfricaRice
AfricaRice GIS unit:
•
•
•

Started in 2010
Basically started from scratch
Currently 1 researcher, 1 PDF, 3 research
assistants


Research priorities at AfricaRice GIS unit:
1. Mapping rice and rice ecologies
(upland/lowland/mangrove/deep water)
2. Mapping the potential for rice development
3. Mapping biotic and abiotic stresses in rice
production systems (current and under
climate change)

Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication,
Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact
assessment
AC6.2 Map rice producing areas affected by
single and multiple abiotic stresses
AC6.2.1 identification of new extrapolation
domains for wet and dry seasons in SSA for
expansion of rice areas using the newly
developed single and multiple stress tolerant
varieties (STRVs)

Objective #6: Scaling up Seed Multiplication,
Dissemination, Varietal Tracking & Impact
assessment
AC6.2.2 Identify areas affected by multiple
stresses (flash flood+ stagnant flood; flash flood
+ drought; flash flood + salinity) using remote
sensing, GIS and ground truthing and shared
with agriculture departments, marketing and
other agencies involved in seed dissemination


Major on-going activities at AfricaRice
• Mapping rice using radar satellite images
• Mapping inland valley / lowland systems
using Digitial Elevation Models
• Mappping potential for development of rice
systems in inland valley systems
• Mapping abiotic stresses in rice production
systems

Mapping rice using so-called radar satellite
images
Cases studies:
• Irrigated rice in Senegal
• Rainfed rice in Benin
Next years expanding to other parts of Africa.


Rice classification:
The rice classified
areas are shown in
pink colour; they are
draped over the
previous RGB colour
composite.

Location of the
validation points:

Dagana

Green pentagons
represent land cover
other than rice.
Yellow dots represent
rice crops.

Mapping rice inland valley systems using digital
elevation models:
• Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Nigeria,
Mali, Burkina Faso
• West-Africa validated country maps and
statistics by 2018


Spatial analysis – Mapping inland valleys

Remote Sensing – Beyond Images
14-15 December 2013, Mexico City

Abiotic stress mapping
Drought
Cold / heat stresses
Submergence
Salinity
Iron toxicity
Options for mapping: survey results or spatial
analysis results using remote sensing and GIS?


Drought
Submergence
Salinity
Iron toxicity

Requires meteorological data from
stations and remote sensing:
• Temperature (minimum / maximum)
• Precipitation
• Evapotranspiration


Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases
- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations
and creating data base (finished)
- Hand-over of adjusted
NASA/POWER data base
from IRRI (finished)


Preparation of inputs: meteorological data bases
- Collecting daily measurements of 300 stations
and creating data base (finished)
- Hand-over of adjusted NASA/POWER data
base from IRRI (finished)
- Downloading / importing / validating of remote
sensing products of precipitation and
evapotranpiration (on-going)

Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons
Where and when is rice growing?
Crop phenology (windows for planting / vegetative
stage / harvest)


Peak of planting date
(Julian day)
Preparation of inputs: rice growing seasons

Where and when is rice growing?
Crop phenology (planting / vegetative / harvest)


Data sources:
• spatial data base of minimum and maximum
temperature (NASA/Power)
• General growing seasons of rice


Heat stress
Thresholds, duration and critical rice growth stage
Daytime heat stress
Nighttime heat stress

Vegetative

Tmax > 35 °C for 10 days
during this period
Tmin > 25 °C for 15 days during this period

Reproductive

Ripening

• 35oC threshold of air temperature is valid for
humid climates
• In dry, Sahelian climates not valid due
transpirational cooling of the plants
• New model is being developed incorporating
relative humidity to derive spikelet temperature


Submergence
• Sub1 gene allows plants to be subermegent up
to two weeks without yields loss
• Type of floods: stagnant floods or flash floods
of several days up to two weeks
• Requires characterization of flood events in
lowland ecology


Submergence
Tools, simple hydrological model that can assess
submergence events based on:
• Digital elevation model
• Lowland area
• Precipitation from remote sensing


Submergence

precipitation

Lowland areas

IHAS
hydrological
model

Digital
Elevation
Model

Floods characterized:
• Timing of event
• Depth
• Frequency


Salinity – no strategy developed yet
Drought – assessment of exisiting drought
indicators and use similar approach as
temperature stress mapping (growing season,
spatial data, assess frequency of drought over last
30 years)


Way forward
• Many efforts have been made on preparation of
input data, not yet on mapping the stresses
• Limited human and financial resources
• (already) strong collaboration with IRRI’s GIS
lab will be intensified to develop, test and
implement common approaches for mapping
abiotic stresses

Partnerships and way forward
• Webmapping is an option to disseminate maps
on occurence and frequency of stresses
• Pro-active approach towards extension
services, agricultural departments, farmer
organizations, seed producers and sellers to
gain interest in the tools and maps that will be
developed


Thank you! Merci!
Center of Excellence for Rice Research

Mapping of abiotic stresses in rice production system - creating target environments for rice breeders

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