6. In this model the client is
the individual, group,
family or community.
Neuman considers any
internal and external
factors that affects patient
as stressors.
7. According to Neuman 5 factors
causes stress to an individual
1. Physiological stressors.
2. Psychological stressors.
3. Socio-cultural stressors.
4. Developmental stressors.
5. Spiritual stressors.
9. Psychological - Refers to mental
processes and emotions.
E.g. Loss of employment,
Money problems,
Exams,
Being scolded by your teacher,
Victim of rape or other crime.
10. Socio-cultural - Refers to
relationships and
social/cultural expectations
and activities.
E.g. Marital disagreements,
dysfunctional relationships
Change of culture
11. Spiritual - Refers to the
influence of spiritual
beliefs.
E.g. Change of religion,
Imposing beliefs.
12. Developmental - Refers to
those processes related to
development over the lifespan
E.g. Beginning of school,
Changing physique,
Marriage,
Physical changes of ageing.
14. 1.
•Asses the stressor and patients
response to the stressor,
2. •Identify nursing diagnosis
3. •Plan patient centered care
4. •Implement interventions
5. •Evaluate the patients response
6. •Determine if the stressor is resolved