Uraian tentang aneka ragam sumber daya yang ada dalam organisasi, baik yang tangible ataupun yang intangible; yang kesemuanya diarahkan untuk mencapai keunggulan daya saing (competitive advantage) organisasi.

1. “for competitive advantage”
IAIN
Sunan Ampel Surabaya
2012
Aun Falestien Faletehan

2. Organisational Resources
Total Capital
Tangible Intellectual
Capital (Intangible)
Capital
Monetary Physical Relationship Organisational
Capital Capital Capital Capital
Human Capital
(GÖRAN ROOS AND KRISTINE JACOBSEN, 1999)

3. Monetary Capital
 Sistem funding (Family Funds, Angel Investors, Bank
Financing, etc)
 Reveneu
 Saham publik
 Sponsorship and governance costs
 Corporate Social Responsibility
 Philantrophy Projects; Bill Gates dan Warren Buffett
for „The Giving pledge”

6. Physical Capital
 Fasilitas Kerja
 Peralatan Kantor
 Gudang dan Stock Barang
 Piranti Informasi Teknologi
 etc

7. Bill Gates’ Super High Tech Home

9. Enjoy at Google

10. Enjoy at Google

11. University Town, SIngapura

12. Vatican Library

13. Internet Server System

15. Relationship Capital
 Jaringan kerjasama dengan stakeholder, konsumen,
Kementerian dan Institusi Pemerintahan, Asosiasi
Industri, Research Agencies, agen pasar produk, dsb

16. Domain Entrepreneurial University
Tonit Mets: 2009

17. Organisational Capital
 Structures
 Systems (planning, controlling, coordinating, HR
systems, etc)
 Production Process
 Culture
 Brands
 Intellectual property
 etc

18. Human Capital
 Competencies (Talent, Experience Skills and know-
how)
 Attitude (motivation, commitment, behaviour and
traits)
 Intellectual agility (the ability of organisational
members to be „quick on their intellectual feet‟:
innovation and entrepreneurship, the ability to
formulate and solve problems etc.)
 Personal relationships (the ability to develop, use and
participate in networks)

21. The most important?
Jenis Sumber Daya Bobot Penting
Human Resources 43%
Monetary Resources 19%
Organisational Resources 17%
Relationship Resources 15%
Physical Resources 6%
(GÖRAN ROOS AND KRISTINE JACOBSEN, 1999)

22. Human Capital
 human resources are the collection of intangible
resources that are embedded in the members of the
organisation
 SDM adalah aset yang tidak bisa ditiru
 Bekal untuk menjadi daya saing organisasi
(Competitive Advantage)

23. The VRIO Framework
 Indikator competitive advantage
o Value (bernilai)
o Rareness (langka)
o Imitability (sulit untuk dijiplak)
o Organizational suppport (dukungan sistem organisasi)

24. Value
 Nilai guna bagi konsumen dan naiknya pendapatan
organisasi; melalui:
 Menurunkan harga jual produk atau diferensiasi
produk
 Budaya kerja organisasi
 kasus FedEx; "people first organisation“
 Etc.

25. FedEx
 The corporate philosophy statement :
“People–Service–Profit.”
 Fred Smith, founder dan CEO Fedex, “We
discovered a long time ago that customer satisfaction
really begins with employee satisfaction”
 value muncul dengan fokus pada karyawan lebih
dulu

27. Rareness
 Jika karakteristik SDM kita sama dengan yang
dimiliki kompetitor, maka sulit dianggap memiliki
daya saing
 Resource harus langka, yang mungkin tidak dimiliki
organisasi lain

29. Imitability
 Resource harus tidak bisa ditiru atau sulit dijiplak
oleh kompetitor
 Semisal resep produk, kultur kerja, model
pelayanan publik, etc

33. Organisational Support
 Dukungan sistem dan praktek organisasi yang
bagus
 Visi dan misi, kejelasan core competence, Strategic
branding, Pola rekruitmen, training and development,
manajemen kinerja, sistem penggajian, dsb

34. General Electric’s Vitality Curve