02 test automation functional testing (qtp)

TEST AUTOMATION_FUNCTIONAL TESTING PCSR

Qtp
INDEX: PAGE No:

INTRODUCTION 5
WAYS OF TESTING
MANUAL TESTING
AUTOMATION TESTING
DRAWBACKS OF MANUAL TESTING
DRAWBACKS OF AUTOMATION TESTING
INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION TESTING
NEED OF AUTOMATION TESTING
FRAMEWORK TO LEARN ANY AUTOMATED TOOL
TYPES OF AUTOMATED TOOL
HISTORY OF QTP

BASICS OF QTP 7
ANATOMY OF QTP
RECORD AND RUN SETTINGS
RECORDINGS
RECORDING MODES
CONTEXT SENSITIVE
ANALOG
LOW LEVEL
VB SCRIPT
OBJECT REPOSITORY
TYPES OF OBJECT REPOSITORIES
LOCAL
SHARED
OPERATIONS ON OBJECT REPOSITORY
OBJECT REPOSITORY MANAGER
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF RECORDING AND RUNNING
OBJECT IDENTIFICATION
SMART IDENTIFICATION
OBJECT SPY
TYPES OF OBJECTS
RUN TIME OBJECTS
TEST OBJECTS

QTP LIFE CYCLE 17, 17, 17, 38, 29, 29
PHASE 1: TEST PLANNING
PHASE 2: GENERATING THE BASIC TEST
PHASE 3: ENHANCING THE TEST
INSERTING THE CHECK POINTS
INTRODUCTION
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF CHECK POINTS
TYPES OF CHECK POINTS
STANDARD
BITMAP
DATABASE
TEXT
TEXT AREA
ACCESSIBILITY
XML
PAGE
TABLE
IMAGE

PC SURENDRA REDD Y Page 1


SYNCHRONIZING TEXT EXECUTION
DATA DRIVEN TESTING
PARAMETERIZATION
DIFFERENT WAYS OF PARAMETERIZATION
INSERTING OUTPUT VALUES
INTRODUCTION
OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW
TYPES OF OUTPUT VALUES
STANDARD
TEXT
TEXTAREA
DATABASE
XML
MEASURING TRANSACTIONS
START TRANSACTION
END TRANSACTION
INSERTING THE PROGRAMATIC STATEMENTS
OBJECT CALLS
CONDITION STATEMENTS
LOOPING STATEMENTS
COMMENTS
UTILITY OBJECT STATEMENTS
DEVELOPING THE SCRIPT STATEMENTS MANUALLY
FREQUENTLY USED METHODS
REAL TIME SCENARIOS TO USE METHODS
HOW TO DEVELOP SCRIPTS IN REAL TIME
WORKING WITH DATA TABLES
AVOIDING CHECKPOINTS IN REAL TIME
AVOIDING OUTPUT VALUES IN REAL TIME
CASE STUDIES
PHASE 4: DEBUGGING THE TEST
INTRODUCTION
BREAK POINTS
STEP INTO
STEP OUT
STEP OVER
DEBUG FROM STEP
RUN TO STEP
DEBUG VIEWER PANE
WATCH
VARIABLES
COMMAND
PHASE 5: TEST EXECUTION
NORMAL EXECUTION
BATCH EXECUTION
PHASE 6: RESULT ANALYSIS
ANALYZING THE RESULTS
IDENTIFYING THE DEFECTS

REPORTING MT-Notes
MANUAL DEFECT REPORTING
BUG TRACKING TOOL ORIENTED DEFECT REPORTING
INTEGRATION WITH QUALITY CENTER



ACTIONS 33
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ACTIONS
NORMAL ACTIONS
REUSABLE ACTIONS
EXTERNAL ACTIONS
CREATING NEW ACTIONS
SPLITTING ACTIONS
RENAMING ACTIONS
WORKING WITH DATA TABLE ACTION SHEETS
WORKING WITH INPUT AND OUTPUT PARAMETERS

FUNCTIONS 32
NEED OF FUNCTIONS
CREATING USER DEFINED FUNCTIONS
WORKING WITH UDF’S

LIBRARIES 36
INTRODUCTION
CREATING LIBRARY FILES
ASSOCIATING LIBRARY FILES

ADDITIONAL CONCEPTS 59, 31, 59, 53
FILE SYSTEM OBJECT
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
DATABASE CONNECTIONS
MS ACCESS
SQL SERVER
ORACLE
CREATING LOG FILES

VIRTUAL OBJECT CONFIGURATION 56

RECOVERY SCENARIO MANAGER 29
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF TRIGGER EVENTS
CREATING THE RECOVERY FILES
ASSOCIATING THE RECOVERY FILES
ERROR HANDLING

DESCRIPTIVE PROGRAMMING 60
INTRODUCTION
CREATING DESCRIPTIVE SCRIPTS
ADVANTAGES

REGULAR EXPRESSIONS 56
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

AUTOMATION OBJECT MODEL 58
INTRODUCTION
WORKING WITH AOM OBJECTS
ADVANTAGES



DYNAMIC HANDLING OF OBJECT REPOSITORIES 58

FRAMEWORK IMPLIMENTATION 32
LINEAR
MODULAR
KEYWORD DRIVEN
HYBRID
DATA DRIVEN

FEATURES IN LATEST VERSION 61

WORKING WITH QUALITY CENTER QC-Notes

VB SCRIPT 38
VB SCRIPT LANGUAGE OVERVIEW
VARIABLES
CONSTRANTS
DATA TYPES
ARRAYS
STATEMENTS
CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
IF……..THEN
SELECT CASE
LOOPING STATEMENTS
FOR………..NEXT
DO…………WHILE
DO………….UNTIL
WHILE…...WEND
OTHER STATEMENTS
CALL
DIM
EXIT
WAIT
EXECUTE
OPTION EXPLICIT
SET
WITH
OPERATORS
ARTHEMATIC
COMPARISION
CONCATINATION
LOGICAL
PROCEDURES
SUB PROCEDURES
FUNCTION PROCEDURES
PRE DEFINED FUNCTIONS
DATA AND TIME
STRING
CONVERSION
TRIMMING
OTHER FUNCTIONS

PREPARED BY 62
PC SURENDRA REDDY



QTP
WAYS OF TESTING:

There are 2 ways of Testing:

1.MANUAL TESTING
2.AUTOMATION TESTING

1. MANUAL TESTING: Manual Testing is a process, in which all the phases of STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) like
Test planning, Test development, Test execution, Result analysis, Bug tracking and Reporting are accomplished
successfully and manually with Human efforts.

DRAWBACKS:

1. More no of human resources are required.
2. Time consuming.
3. Less accuracy.
4. Tiredness.
5. Simultaneous actions are almost impossible.
6. Repeating the same task again and again in same fashion is almost impossible.

2. AUTOMATION TESTING: Automation Testing is a process, in which all the drawbacks of Manual Testing are
addressed properly and provides speed and accuracy to the existing testing process.

DRAWBACKS:

1. Automated tools are expensive.
2. All the areas of the application can’t be tested successfully with the automated tools.
3. Lack of automation Testing experts.

Note: Automation Testing is not a replacement for Manual Testing, it is just continuation for Manual Testing.

Note: Automation Testing is recommended to be implemented only after the application has come to a stable stage.

AUTOMATED TOOLS: Automated tool is defined as an assistant of test engineer, which works based on the
instructions and information given by us and finally shows the result.

General framework to learn any automated tool:

1. How to give the instructions?
2. How to give the information?
3. How to use its recording facility?
4. How to use its replay facility (or) play facility?
5. How to use analyze facility?



TYPES OF AUTOMATED TOOLS:

There are 2 types of BLACK BOX TESTING Automated Tools:

1. FUNCTIONAL TOOL (QTP)
2. PERFORMANCE TOOL (LOAD RUNNER)

Apart from these 2 tools the test engineer will use MANAGEMENT TOOL (QUALITY CENTER) for managing the
testing process.

QTP: QUICK TEST PROFESSIONAL.

Introduction of QTP:
Type of the Tool : Functional tool.
Company : Introduced by INTERACTIVE IN CORP. & taken over by HP in the year 2002.
Script language : VB Script (It can understand other scripting languages also).
Versions :
VERSION YEAR OF RELEASED
ASTRA 1998
5.0 2000
5.5 2001
6.0 2002
6.5 2003
8.0 2004
8.2 2005
9.0 2006 FEB
9.1 2007 JAN
9.2 2007 FEB
9.5 2008 JAN



QTP taken by HP in the year 2002 from Mercury interactive in corporation.
WINRUNNER was the first tool of Mercury interactive in corp., all the objects of WINRUNNER are developed by
structured programming language. The script language used is the text Script Language.
To test the functionality of the application we use QTP.
TEST PANE – SCRIPT AREA.
FUNCTIONALITY TESTING: It is a type of testing in which one will perform testing the functionality of an application,
functionality means behavior of the application.

ANATOMY OF QTP:
VB SCRIPT:

Syntax:
Complete HIERARCHY.OPERATION.”VALUE”
CLASS NAME(“OBJECT NAME”).-------------------.OERATION.”VALUE”
VbWindow(“emp”)VbEdit(“ename”).set”SURI”
VbWindow(“emp”)VbEdit(“eage”).set”26”
VbWindow(“emp”)VbEdit(“esal”).set”40,000”
VbWindow(“emp”)VbEdit(“edesig”).set”SE”
VbWindow(“emp”)VbButton(“submit”).CLICK

VB Script for standard Windows application:
Window(“emp”)WinEdit(“ename”).set”SURI”
Window(“emp”)WinEdit(“eage”).set”26”
Window(“emp”)WinEdit(“esal”).set”40,000”
Window(“emp”)WinEdit(“edesig”).set”SE”
Window(“emp”)WinButton(“submit”).CLICK

VB Script for Java application:
JavaWindow(“emp”)JavaEdit(“ename”).set”SURI”
JavaWindow(“emp”)JavaEdit(“eage”).set”26”
JavaWindow(“emp”)JavaEdit(“esal”).set”40,000”
JavaWindow(“emp”)JavaEdit(“edesig”).set”SE”
JavaWindow(“emp”)JavaButton(“submit”).CLICK



VB Script for .NET application:
SWFWindow(“emp”)SWFEdit(“ename”).set”SURI”
SWFWindow(“emp”)SWFEdit(“eage”).set”26”
SWFWindow(“emp”)SWFEdit(“esal”).set”40,000”
SWFWindow(“emp”)SWFEdit(“edesig”).set”SE”
SWFWindow(“emp”)SWFButton(“submit”).CLICK

VB Script for WEB application:

Browser(“ie”)Page(“yahoo”).WebEdit(“user name”).set”SURI”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“yahoo”).WebEdit(“password”).set”surendra”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“yahool”).Webbutton(“login”).CLICK

Browser(“ie”)Page(“emp”).WebEdit(“ename”).set”SURI”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“emp”).WebEdit(“eage”).set”26”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“emp”).WebEdit(“esal”).set”40,000”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“emp”).WebEdit(“edesig”).set”SE”
Browser(“ie”)Page(“emp”).WebButton(“submit”).CLICK



ADD INN MANAGER: Add inn manager is a feature provided by the QTP, which is used for making the QTP,
compatible with the desired environments.

Add inn manager will show the list of all available add inn’s, while opening the QTP, so that
one can select the desired add inn’s and make the QTP compatible with those environments. With the default
purchase of QTP, 3 built in add inn’s will be provided:

1. ACTIVE X
2. VISUAL BASIC

3. WEB
By default QTP will be always compatible with standard windows environment. Apart from the above add inn’s any
other add inn’s are required, one need to purchase them separately.
Note: HP people also provides single license for all the add inn’s.

PARTS OF QTP:
1.TEST PANE
2.ACTIVE SCREEN
3.DATA TABLE
4.DEBUG VIEWER PANE
5.INFORMATION PANE
6.MISSING RESOURCES PANE
7.TOOL OPTIONS

1. TEST PANE: Test pane is an area provided by the QTP, which is used for developing, viewing, and modifying the
test script.

Test pane shows the script in 2 views:
1. EXPERT VIEW
2. KEYWORD VIEW

1. EXPERT VIEW: Expert view shows the script in VB script format.
2. KEYWORD VIEW: Keyword view shows the script in graphical user interface, which is further divided into 4 parts:

1. ITEM
2. OPERATION
3. VALUE
4. DOCUMENTATION

Note: Any modifications done in one view will be reflected in the other view.

2. ACTIVE SCREEN: Active screen is an a area provided by QTP, which holds the snapshots related to each and every
recorded scripts statements and used for easily understanding and enhancing the scripts.



RECORDING AND RUNNING:

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF RECORDING:
DURING RECORDING QTP WILL DO THE FOLLOWING:
1. It will generate the corresponding script statements related to the user actions.
2. It will store the required and related objects information in the object repository.

OPERATIONAL OVER VIEW OF RUNNING:
DURING RUNNING QTP WILL DO THE FOLLOWING:
1. It will read the instruction (script statement) and understands, what action to be performed on which object.
2. It realizes that it needs some information to identify the object.
3. It will go for object repository and search for required information.
4. If at all the information is available, using that information, it will try to identify the object.
5. If at all the object is identified then it will perform action on it.

RECORD AND RUN SETTINGS:
It is a feature provided by QTP, which is used for making the QTP understand what exactly it need to do, and
how exactly it should behave during recording and running.

NAVIGATION:
a. Activate the menu item Automation.
b. Select the option RECORD and RUN settings.
c. Select the desired Environment tab.
d. Select the required Option.
e. Click on Apply and OK.

RECORDING MODES:
There are 3 types of Recording Modes:
1. NORMAL/CONTEXT SENSITIVE RECODING MODE.
2. ANALOG RECORDING MODE.
3. LOW LEVEL RECORDING MODE.

1. NORMAL RECORDING MODE:
It is used for recording the operations performed on the standard GUI objects in different contexts.
2. ANALOG RECORDING MODE:
This recording mode is used for recording continuous operations.

NAVIGATION:
a) Keep the tool under normal recording mode.
b) Activate the menu item automation.
c) Select the option analog recording.
d) Select one of the following options:
o Record relative to the screen.
o Record relative to the following window.

If at all second option is selected, specify the window title with the help of hand icon, click on start analog
record button.



Ex: Following Script will be produced for Paint Brush depending upon the above Option selected:
Record relative to the screen: Desktop.Runanalog’Track1’

Record relative to the following window: Window(‘PAINT’).Runanalog’Track1’

Where as Track1 is the internal file used for recording the actions performed by the user.

3. LOW LEVEL RECORDING MODE:
It is a special recording mode provided by the QTP, which is used for recording at least some operations on
the non supported environments also.
Usually people avoid this mode, due to the following reasons:
a. All the operations can’t be recorded.
b. The script is not easily understandable and enhance able.

OBJECT REPOSITORY:
It is a storage place, where one can store the object information and it is also acts as an interface between
the Test Script and AUT (Application Under Test), In order to identify the objects during execution.

TYPES OF OBJECT REPOSITORY:
There are 2 types of Object Repositories:
1. LOCAL
2. SHARED

LOCAL REPOSITORY: For each and every action in a Test (SCRIPT FILE). One separate local repository will be created
and managed by QTP automatically. The information present in the local repository can be used by that action.

SHARED REPOSITORY: Whenever we feel that same common objects information need to shared by so many actions
present in the different Tests (SCRIPT FILE), then it is suggested to create a shared repository with that common
information and associate it to all required actions.
By doing like this the advantage is, if any modifications are required in future than it is very easy.
Note: We can associate one (or) more shared repositories to an action apart from its local repository.

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING SHARED REPOSITORY:
Activate the Menu item Resources.
Select the option Object Repository Manager.
Add the required objects information.
Click on SAVE.
Browse the desired location and SAVE with .TSR extension.

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING SHARED REPOSITORY WHENEVER THE INFORMATION ALREADY AVAILABLE IN THE LOCAL REPOSITORY:
Open the Object Repository.
Activate the Menu item File in Object Repository.
Select the option Export Local Objects.
Browse the desired location and SAVE with .TSR extension.
NAVIGATION FOR ASSOCIATING THE SHARED REPOSITORY TO AN ACTION:



Select the option Associate Repositories.
Add the required Repositories to the list.
Select the desired Repository in the list.
Select the desired Action.
Click on the Associate Button.
Click on OK.

NAVIGATION FOR MODIFYING THE INFORMATION IN THE SHARED REPOSITORY:
Select the option Object Repository Manager.
Open the required Object Repository.
Do the required Modifications.
Click on SAVE.

Can you convert Local to Shared Repository?
A: It’s not converting from Local to Shared Repository, Its Copying of the objects from Local to Shared Repository
through Export Object Data from Object Repository File menu.

OPERATIONS ON OBJECT REPOSITORY:
1. NAVIGATION FOR ADDING THE OBJECTS:
Select the option Object repository.
Click on Add Objects to Local.
Click on the title bar of the window.
Click on OK.
Select one of the following Options:
o Select objects only
o Default objects only
o All object types
o Selected object types
If at all the 4th option is selected, then select the desired types of objects, using select button.
Click on OK button.

2. NAVIGATION FOR DELETING THE OBJECTS:
Right click on the desired object in the Object Repository.
Select the option Delete by right clicking on it.
Confirm the deletion by clicking on YES.

3. NAVIGATION FOR RENAMING THE OBJECTS:
Right click on the desired object in the Object Repository.
Select the option Rename.
Specify the desired Name.



4. NAVIGATION FOR UPDATING THE PROPERTIES LIST:
Select the desired object in the Object Repository.
Click on Add button.
Select the desired properties in the list.
Click on OK.
Select the desired properties in the list, which are to be removed.
Click on the Remove button.

5. NAVIGATION FOR UPDATING PROPERTIES VALUE:
Select the desired object in the Object Repository.
Select the desired property in the properties list.
Click on the ‘Configure the Value’ button.
Specify the desired Value.
Click on OK.

HIGHLIGHTING THE APPLICATION: This option is used for highlighting the corresponding object in the application,
upon selecting the object name in the Object Repository.

LOCATING THE REPOSITORY: This option is used for locating the object name in the Object Repository, upon
specifying the corresponding object in the application.

OBJECT IDENTIFICATION:
The object identification concept is based on 4 types of properties and an Ordinal Identifier.
One can specify a list of properties under Mandatory section, list of properties under
Assistive section, list of properties under the Base Filter section, list of properties under the Optional Filter section
and an Ordinal Identifier.

QTP WILL LEARN THE INFORMATION IN THE FOLLOWING WAY, INCASE OF ONLY NORMAL IDENTIFICATION:
First of all QTP will learn all the Mandatory properties, it will think whether those
properties are sufficient or not, if it feels not sufficient, then it will learn 1st Assistive property, and then once again
think whether all those properties are sufficient for identifying the object uniquely, if it feels not sufficient it will
nd
learn the 2 Assistive property and once again think whether they are sufficient or not, if not sufficient then it will
repeat the same process by learning the next Assistive properties one by one till it feels satisfy, if not all the Assistive
properties are learned, still QTP not satisfy then finally it will learn the Ordinal Identifier, whatever learned during
the above process will be stored in the object repository.

QTP WILL LEARN THE INFORMATION IN THE FOLLOWING WAY, INCASE OF SMART IDENTIFICATION ALSO:
QTP will learn all the Mandatory properties, all the Base Filter properties, all the
Optional Filter properties at a time, stores the Base Filter properties and Optional Filter properties in a secrete place
and will not think about them. It will think whether the Mandatory properties are sufficient for identifying the object
uniquely, if it feels not sufficient, it will learn the first Assistive property and continues the process same as above.



Ex:

OR: OBJECT REPOSITORY.

QTP WILL LEARN THE INFORMATION IN THE FOLLOWING WAY DURING THE IDENTIFICATION:
First of all it will use all the properties present in the object repository and will try to identify the
object, if it fails then it will use Smart Identification mechanism and will try to identify the object finally as follows:
First it will use all the Base Filter properties and will try to identify the object, if at all more then
one objects are found, it will consider those objects and filters all the remaining objects.
It will take the first Optional Filter property and will try to identify the object in the considered
objects, if at all more than one matches are found then it will consider only those objects and filters the remaining
objects, then it will take the second Optional Filter property and repeats the same process till it finds exactly one
match or one object.
In case all the Optional Filter properties are used but still QTP is unable to find exactly one match,
then it will go to Object Repository and check whether the Ordinal Identifier is available or not, if it is available using
that it will roughly identify the object otherwise hands up.

Ex:
While learning the properties it will stops still it satisfies that it is enough for identifying the objects and stores the
information in the Normal Identification, then what the use of Smart Identification?

DISABLE
E
While learning for example in the Login screen first LOGIN and CLEAR buttons are DISABLED.



ENABLE

While identifying the objects, suppose user enters UN and PW, then the LOGIN and CLEAR buttons are ENABLED.
So the properties of LOGIN and CLEAR buttons are varying, so it is difficult to identify the objects with the learned
properties in the Normal Identification, so it will go for Smart Identification for identifying the objects.

Ex:
Why can’t we specify object name as the property for identifying the objects very easily?
Suppose the application has dynamic button, then it will change its behavior depending upon the user action.

BEFORE

AFTER

DYNAMIC BUTTON

So it is difficult for identifying the object with the object name property.



Ex: Configuration of the objects that are identified should not change, it will affect the remaining objects, in case if
any object is not identified, then try to change the properties of those objects in the object repository.

ORDINAL IDENTIFIER:
There are 3 types of Ordinal Identifier’s:
1.LOCATION
2.INDEX
3.CREATION TIME

1. LOCATION: Whenever the Location is selected as an Ordinal Identifier. QTP will generate some numbers like 0, 1,
2, 3………. based on the sequence of the objects located in the application.

2. INDEX: Whenever the Index is selected as an Ordinal Identifier. QTP will generate some numbers like 0, 1, 2,
3………. based on the index of the pages related to those objects.

3. CREATION TIME (FOR BROWSER OBJECT IN WEB ENVIRONMENT ONLY): Whenever the Creation Time is selected as an
Ordinal Identifier. QTP will generate some numbers like 0, 1, 2, 3………. based on the loading time of the objects in
the browser.

NAVIGATION FOR OBJECT IDENTIFICATION CONFIGURATION:
Activate the menu item Tool.
Select the option Object Identification.
Select the desired Environment.
Select the desired class of the Object.
Specify the required properties in the mandatory list and Assistive list.
Select an Ordinal Identifier.
If at all the Smart Identification is also required then, select the checkbox enabled Smart Identification.
Click on configure button.
Specify the required Base Filter and Optional Filter properties.
Click on OK.

OBJECT SPY: It is a handy feature provided by the QTP, which shows complete object information like list of object
properties and values, list of methods, syntax of methods, description of methods of both the Test objects and Run
Time objects then and there on the spot immediately.

NAVIGATION:
Activate the menu item Tools.
Select the option Object Spy.
Specify the desired object in the application with the help of handy icon.

TYPES OF OBJECTS:
There are 2 types of objects:
1. RUN TIME OBJECTS
2.TEST OBJECTS.



1. RUN TIME OBJECTS: All the original objects present in the application are known as Run Time objects.
2. TEST OBJECTS: The reference objects for the original objects present in the object repository are known as Test
objects.

QTP LIFE CYCLE:
QTP LIFE CYCLE CONTAINS 6 PHASES:
1.TEST PLANNING
2.GENERATING THE BASIC TEST
3.ENHANCING THE TEST
4.DEBUGING THE TEST
5.EXECUTING THE TEST
6.ANALYZING THE RESULTS

1. TEST PLANNING:
In this phase the Automation Test Lead will do the following:
He will understand the Requirements.
He will identify the area to be Automated.
He will analyze the dynamism of the application and based on that he will do all the pre configurational settings to
that tool, in such a way that it will be compatible to that application.
He will do the Resource planning (Who has to do what?).
He will do the Scheduling.
He will prepare the Automation Test Plan document with all the above analyzed information.

2. GENERATING THE BASIC TEST:
Script related to basic operation done in the application called Basic Script.
In this phase one will generate the basic script for both the positive and negative flow of the application.

3. ENHANCING THE TEST:
Adding something to the Basic Script called enhancing the test.
One can enhance the test in the following ways:
Inserting the check point statement.
Synchronizing the test by inserting the synchronization point statements.
Parameterizing the test (Data Driven Testing-DDT).
Inserting the output value statements.
Measuring the transactions by inserting transactional point statement.
Inserting the programmatic statements.
Inserting the comments.
Inserting the script statements manually.

CHECK POINT: Check point is a feature provided by the QTP, which is used for checking something during the
execution, at any point of time.

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF CHECK POINT: CHECK POINT works in 2 phases:
1. PRE EXECUTION PHASE
2. WHILE EXECUTION PHASE



1. PRE EXECUTION PHASE:
In this phase it will do the following:
 It will capture the expected value.
 It will generate the corresponding script statement.

2. WHILE EXECUTION PHASE:
In this phase it will do the following:
 It will capture the required Actual value.
 It will compare the Actual value with the Expected value.
 Finally it will show the result as PASS (or) FAIL.

TYPES OF CHECKPOINTS:
1.STANDARD CHECKPOINT
2.BITMAP CHECKPOINT
3.TEXT CHECKPOINT
4.TEXT AREA CHECKPOINT
5.DATABASE CHECKPOINT
6. XML CHECKPOINT (FROM RESOURCE)
7.PAGE CHECKPOINT
8.TABLE CHECKPOINT
9.IMAGE CHECKPOINT
10. ACCESSIBILITY CHECKPOINT

Note: PAGE, TABLE and IMAGE are hidden WEB Checkpoints.
Note: XML, DATABASE CheckPoints are enabled in the menu INSERT because they are not related to application.

1. STANDARD CHECKPOINT:
It is used for checking the standard GUI objects properties values.
It can be inserted in 2 ways:
1. Through Application
2. Through Active Screen

NAVIGATION THROUGH APPLICATION:
Keep the cursor in the desired location.
Keep the tool under Recording Mode.
Activate the menu item Insert.
Go to Checkpoint.
Select the option standard Check Point.
Specify the desired object in the application.
Click on OK.
Select the desired properties to be checked and specify the desired expected value.
Click on OK.
Stop Recording.



NAVIGATION THROUGH ACTIVE SCREEN:
Keep the cursor on the desired statement.
So that the corresponding Snapshot will be available in the Active Screen.
Go to Active Screen.
Right click on the desired object.
Select the option insert Standard CheckPoint.
Click on OK.
Select the desired properties to be checked.
Select the desired Expected values.
Select one of the following options:
o Before current step
o After current step.
Click on OK.

BITMAP CHECKPOINT:
It is used for checking the expected pixels are present in the selected area of the application (or) not.
It is also used for checking the complete Bitmap (or) a part of the Bitmap.
One can insert the Bitmap check point through Application (or) Active screen

Keep the cursor in the desired location.
Keep the tool under Recording Mode.
Activate the menu item Insert.
Go to Check Point.
Select the option Bitmap CheckPoint.
Specify the desired Bitmap in the Application.
Click on OK.
If required select the desired part of the Bitmap using select area button.
Select the Checkbox, save only selected area.
Click on OK.
Stop Recording.
 Keep the cursor on the desired statement, so the corresponding Snapshot is available in the Active Screen.
 Go to the Active Screen, right click on the Bitmap.
 Select the option, insert Bitmap CheckPoint.
 Click on Ok.
 If required select the desired part of the Bitmap using select area button.
 Select the Checkbox, save only selected area.
 Select any one of the following option:
o After current step
 Click on OK.

BITMAP: It is a particular area, where it stores some pixels, we can’t do any actions on it.
IMAGE: We can do some actions on it, we can use it as a Hyperlink/Object.



TEXT CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the text present on the specified objects, it can be inserted through
Application as well as through Active Screen.
 Keep the cursor in the desired location.
 Keep the tool under Recording.
 Activate the menu item Insert.
 Go to the CheckPoint.
 Select the option Text CheckPoint.
 Specify the desired object by using hand icon.
 Click on OK.
 Specify the desired expected text in the Application.
 Select the Required option:
Match case Ignore spaces
Exact match Text not displayed
 Click on OK.
 Stop Recording.

 Keep the cursor in the desired statement, so the corresponding Snapshot is available in the Active screen.
 Go to the Active screen.
 Right click on the desired object.
 Select the option insert CheckPoint.
 Click on OK.
 Specify the desired expected Text.
 Select on of the following option:
o After current step.
 Click on OK.

TEXT AREA CHECKPOINT:
It is used for checking the text present in a specified area of the application, it can be inserted only through
application.

 Keep the tool under Recording.
 Go to the CheckPoint.
 Select the option Text area CheckPoint.
 Specify the desired area in the Application
 Specify the desired expected object Text.



 Click on OK.
 Stop Recording.

WIZARD: It is a group of windows, which accepts some information from the user and accomplishes the task in a complex way.

DATABASE CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the contents of a database.
DATABASE: it is a Base (or) a Place, where one can store and retrieve Data.
There are 3 types of Database Testing:
1. Store and Retrieval Database Testing
2. Database Design Testing
3. Database Content Testing

Create a Database and a Table in Access.

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING DATABASE CHECK POINT:
 Go to Checkpoint.
 Select the option Database CheckPoint.
 Select the option-specify SQL statement manually.
 Click on Next.
 Click on Create.
 Click on New.
 Specify the desired Driver/Provider from the list.
 Click on Next
 Specify the Data Source Name (DSN).
 Click on Next.
 Click on Finish.
 Click on Select.
 Browse the desired Database.
 Click on OK.
 Click on OK.
 Click on OK.
 Specify the required SQL statements
 Click on Finish.
 Select one of the following options:
 Click on OK.

XML CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the contents of a XML file.
XML: It is a universal understandable language used for Data Transformation.



Ex: Create a file with .XML with the help of notepad as follows:
<ENVIRONMENT>
<VARIABLE>
<VAR>
<NAME>
SURI
</NAME>
</VAR>
</VARIABLE>
<VARIABLE>
<VAR>
<NAME>
RAVI
</NAME>
</VAR>
</VARIABLE>
</ENVIRONMENT>

DATABASE--------> INFO File:
NAME SALARY
SURI 45000
RAVI 52000
MANJU 22000
GOPI 33000

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING XML CHECKPOINT:
 Go to CheckPoint.
 Select the option XML CheckPoint.
 Browse the desired XML file.
 Click on OK.
 Select the desired contents to be checked and Specify the requested expected values.
 Click on OK.

PAGE CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the properties of a Page.

NAVIGATION:
Keep the cursor on the desired statement.
Right click on the screen.
Select the option insert Standard CheckPoint.
Select the page in the Hierarchy.
Click on OK.
Select the desired properties to be checked.
Select one of the following options:
Click on OK.



TABLE CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the contents of a Table.

NAVIGATION:
 Keep the cursor on the desired statement.
 Go to Active Screen.
 Right click on the screen.
 Select the option insert Standard CheckPoint.
 Select the page in the Hierarchy.
 Click on OK.
 Select the desired properties to be checked.
oBefore current step
oAfter current step
 Click on OK.

IMAGE CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking the properties of an Image.

NAVIGATION:
 Right click on the screen.
 Select the option insert Standard CheckPoint.
 Select the page in the Hierarchy.
 Click on OK.
 Select the desired properties to be checked.
oAfter current step
 Click on OK.

WEB CHECK POINTS: PAGE, TABLE AND IMAGE CHECK POINTS ARE HIDDEN CHECK POINTS, WE CAN USE ONLY THROUGH STANDARD CHECK POINT.

ACCESSABILITY CHECKPOINT: It is used for checking whether the page is developed according to the WORLD WIDE
WEB CONSORTIUM (W3C) standards or not. With the help of these checkpoints one can confirm whether that page
can be accessible all over the world comfortably or not.
NAVIGATION:
 Right click on the page.
 Select the option insert Accessibility CheckPoint.
oAfter current step
 Click on OK.



SYNCHRONIZATION: It is a process of matching the speeds of both the tool and the application in order to keep them
in sync with each other, in order to obtain proper Testing results.
Here the main concept is making the tool to wait, till the application finishes its work, to do the
same we can follow any one of the following way:
1. Inserting the synchronization point statement.
2. Increasing the default time.
3. Inserting the wait statement.

Note: Synchronization point statement affects only one statement, it adds the time specified with the default time.

NAVIGATION FOR INSERTING THE SYNCHRONIZATION POINT:
 Keep the tool under Recording mode.
 Select the option Synchronization point.
 Specify the desired object in the application.
 Click on OK.
 Select the desired property name.
 Specify the desired property value.
 Specify the extra time in milliseconds.
 Click on OK.
 Stop Recording.

To avoid the above navigation, one can directly insert the following statement:
SYNTAX:
HIERARCHY.WAITPROPERTY”PROPETY NAME”, PROPERTY VALUE, EXTRA TIME IN MILLISECONDS
Ex:
WINDOW(“FLIGHT RESERVATION”).WINBUTTON(“DELETE ORDER”).WAITPROPERTY”ENABLED”, TRUE, 14000

NAVIGATION FOR MODIFYING DEFAULT TIME:
Activate the menu item File.
Select the option settings.
Specify the desired Time in object Synchronization Time Out field.
Click on OK.

Note: It effects all the script statements in the script area.

SYNTAX FOR WAIT STATEMENT:
WAIT(TIME IN SECONDS)

Note: It effects only one statement, but it will wait till the time is finished, even though the action is completed.

VARIABLE: It is a name given to the memory location, which can hold some value, it can change values in any
number of times if required.

FLAT FILE: The file without any specific format.



PARAMETRIZATION: It is a process of replacing the constant values with variables in order to increase the scope of
test.

MAINLY WE FOLLOW 5 STEPS IN RETESTING (MANUAL TESTING):
1. REQUIREMENTS
2. TEST CASES
3. OPTIMIZATION
4. EXECUTION
5. RESULT ANALYSIS

MAINLY WE FOLLOW 5 STEPS IN DATA DRIVEN TESTING (QTP):
1. DATA TABLE
2. SCRIPT STATEMENTS
3. OPTIMIZATION
4. EXECUTION
5. RESULT ANALYSIS

DATA DRIVEN TESTING: It is a concept introduced in automation in order to implement Retesting.
Steps to follow to perform DDT:
1. Collect data into Data Table.
2. Generate the basic Test.
3. Do the required Enhancements and parameterize the test.
4. Execute the list.
5. Analyze the Result

PARAMETRIZATION: It is a process of replacing the constant values with variables or parameters, in order to increase
the scope of test.
Parameterization can be done in 3 ways:
1.DATA DRIVEN WIZARD
2.KEYWORD VIEW
3.MANUALLY

NAVIGATION THROUGH DATA DRIVEN WIZARD:
Activate the menu item tools.
Select the option Data Driver.
Select the desired constant value in the list.
Click on Parameterized button.
Next.
Click on Parameterized options button.
Select the desired column name.
Click on OK.
Click on Finish and then OK.

NAVIGATION THROUGH KEYWORD VIEW:
Go to Keyword view.
Select the desired constant value to be parameterized.
Click on configure the button.
Select the option parameter.
Select the desired column name.
Click on OK.



TO AVOID THE ABOVE NAVIGATION, PARAMETERIZATION CAN BE DONE MANUALLY IN THE FOLLOWING WAY:
Ex:
X=DATA TABLE(“V1”,I)
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBEDIT(“VALUE1”).SET X
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBEDIT(“VALUE2”).SET DATATABLE(“V2”,I)
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBEDIT(“ADD”).CLICK

NAVIGATION FOR PARAMETERIZING THE CHECKPOINT:
 Right click on the CheckPoint statement.
 Select the option CheckPoint properties.
 Select the option Parameter.
 Click on Parameter options button.
 Select the desired column name.
 Click on OK.
 Click on OK.

OUTPUT VALUES: It is a feature provided by the QTP, which is used for capturing a value from an application (or)
from a Data Base (or) from a XML files and stores it under a desired column in the Runtime Data table.

TYPES OF OUTPUT VALUES:
1. STANDARD OUTPUT VALUE: It is used for capturing the standard GUI objects properties values, it can be perform
through an Application or Active screen.
2. TEXT OUTPUT VALUE: It is used for capturing the text present on the objects.
3. TEXT AREA OUTPUT VALUE: It is used for capturing the text present in the specified area.
4. DATABASE OUTPUT VALUE: It is used for capturing a value from Database.
5. XML OUTPUT VALUE: It is used for capturing a value from XML file.

NAVIGATION FOR STANDARD OUTPUT VALUE THROUGH APPLICATION:
Keep the cursor in desired location.
Keep the tool under Recording mode.
Activate the menu item insert.
Go to OutPut value.
Select the desired object in the Application.
Click on OK.
Select the desired properties to be captured.
Modify the name if required.
Click on OK.
Stop Recording.

Keep the cursor on desired statement, so that the corresponding Snapshot is available in Active Screen.
Right click on desired object.
Select the object, Insert OutPut value.
Click on OK.
Select the desired property to be captured.
Modify the name if required.
Select one of the following option:



Click on OK.

MEASURING TRANSACTIONS: It is a concept provided in QTP used for calculating the Time taken by an Application
approximately to perform a Task. (Or) Execution Time of block of script statements, to do the same QTP has
introduced START TRANSACTION & END TRANSACTION POINTS.

NAVIGATION FOR START TRANSACTION:
 Keep the cursor in desired location.
 Activate the menu item insert.
 Select the option START TRANSACTION.
 Specify the desired Transaction name.
 Click on OK.

NAVIGATION FOR END TRANSACTION:
 Keep the cursor in desired location.
 Activate the menu item insert.
 Select the option END TRANSACTION.
 Specify the desired Transaction name.
 Click on OK.

Ex:
SERVICES. START TRANSACTION <TRANSACTION NAME>
-----------------------------
-------------------------------
-------------------------
SCRIPT STATEMENTS
---------------------------
---------------------------------
--------------------------------
SERVICES. END TRANSACTION <TRANSACTION NAME>

INSERTING THE PROGRAMMATIC STATEMENTS:
Any VB Script contains the following types of Programmatic Statements:
1.NORMAL STATEMENTS (or) OBJECT CALLS
2.CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
3.LOOPING STATEMENTS
4.UTILITY STATEMENTS

Apart from the above Programmatic statements Comments also will be available in a program.



COMMENTS: Comments are used for increasing the readability of the script. It starts with single quote (‘).
Ex: ‘This Program is for Normal Recording.

SYSTEM UTIL UTILITY OBJECT: This utility object is mainly used for invoking the Application with the help of Run
method.
Syntax: SYSTEMUTIL.RUN “PATH”

Note: One can even invoke the application with the help of invoke application statement.
Syntax: INVOKEAPPLICATION “PATH”

REPORTER UTILITY OBJECT: It is used fro sending an extra result step to the result window.
Syntax: REPORTER.REPORTEVENT STATUS, “STEPNAME”, “DETAILS/MSG”
Ex:
REPORTER.REPORTEVENT MICDONE, “MYREP”, “ADD IS SUCCESSFUL”
(Or)
REPORTER.REPORTEVENT 0, “MYREP”, “ADD IS SUCCESSFUL”

Note: MIC-MICROSOFT INTEGER CONVERSION.

STATUS: 0-PASS
1-FAILED
2-DONE
3-WARNING

4. DEBUGGING THE TEST:
It is a process of executing the script in a user desired passion with some temporary breaks, in order to
identify the Errors.
To do the same QTP has provided Breakpoint feature and Step commands.

BREAKPOINT: It is a feature provided by QTP which is used for breaking the execution temporarily.

STEP COMMANDS:
1. STEP INTO: It is used for executing a single step, if that step is a functional call step then it will make the pointer
step into the function and breaks the execution at the first statement.
2. STEP OUT: It is used only after entering into the function, it will execute all the remaining statements inside the
function from the position of the pointer and breaks the execution after stepping out of the function.
3. STEP OVER: This statement is used for executing any step until it is finished, for example if it is a functional call
statement it will execute all the statements inside the function and then breaks the execution.
4. RUN TO STEP: This is used for executing all the statements up to the before statement, where the cursor is
available.
5. DEBUG FROM STEP: This is used for bringing the pointer to a desired statement without executing any of the
previous statements.



Ex:
FUNCTION MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “HAI”
MSGBOX “HELLO”
MSGBOX “BYE”
END FUNCTION

‘ MAIN PROGRAM

MSGBOX “WELCOME”
CALL MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “SEE U”
MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “TA TA”
MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “TAKE CARE”
MSGBOX “HAPPY WEEKEND”

4. DEBUG VIEWER PANE: It is an area provided by the QTP, which is used for Viewing, Modifying (or) Setting the
current values of variables (or) expressions during the execution break with the help of 3 tabs by name WATCH,
VARIABLES & COMMAND.

WATCH: Quick result search.
VARIABLES: List of variables
COMMAND: To modify the values.

Ex:
DIM A, B
A=10
B=20
MSGBOX A ---------------10_______COMMAND A=40
MSGBOX A ----------------40_______WATCH A*B
MSGBOX A ----------------800

5. EXECUTING THE TEST: In this phase one will execute the Test.
6. ANALYZING THE RESULT: In this phase one will analyze the Result.

RECOVERY SCENARIOS: During the execution sometimes QTP may face some problematic statements, where in it
need to recover by itself and should continue the execution, to do the same the test engineer need to define a
solution well in advance and attach it to the corresponding test before starting the execution.

Usually QTP may face the following types of problems:
1. Problems related to POP UP WINDOWS.
2. Problems related to OBJECT STATE.
3. Problems related to TEST SCRIPT EXECUTION.
4. Problems related to APPLICATION CRASH.



To define the solutions for above problems QTP has provided 4 Trigger Events:
1. POP UP WINDOW
2. OBJECT STATE
3. TEST RUN ERROR
4. APPLICATION CRASH

NAVIGATION FOR OBJECT STATE PROBLEM:
 Activate the menu item resources.
 Select the option Recovery Scenario Manager.
 Click on new scenario button.
 Click on next.
 Select the Trigger event as Object State.
 Click on next.
 Specify the desired object in the application.
 Click on Ok.
 Click on next.
 Specify the required properties.
 Click on next.
 Click on next.
 Specify the recovery operation as function call.
 Click on next.
 Browse the desired library file.
 Specify the desired function name.
 Write the required script inside the function.
 Click on next.
 Remove the check box (Add another recovery operations)
 Click on next.
 Specify the scenario name.
 Click on next.
 Select the required check boxes:
o Add scenario to current test
o Add scenario to default test settings
 Click on finish
 Save the file with .qrs extension
 Click on close.

Note: .QRS-QUICK RECOVERY SCENARIO.

NAVIGATION FOR ASSOCIATING THE EXISTING RECOVERY SCENARIO TO THE CURRENT TEST:
Activate the menu item file.
Select the recovery tab.
Click on add button.
Browse the desired recovery scenario.
Click on add scenario
Click on apply.
OK.



ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES:
Whenever some common values need to be used in multiple scripts then it is suggested not to declare the
local variables in all tests individually, it is better to declare all the common variables in a separate environment file,
attach it to all the required tests and use those variables inside those test.
By doing this the advantage is in future if the environment is changed and some of the values of those
variables need to be updated in order to make the scripts compatible with that environment, then with minimum
efforts, we can update the values in the environment file instead of updating all the script files.

There are 2 types of Environment Variables:
1. BUILT IN VARIABLES
2. USER DEFINED VARIABLES

1. BUILT IN VARIABLES: These variables by default will be available with every new test, so any one can use them
directly in any test using the following syntax:

Syntax: ENVIRONMENT.VALUE(“BUILT IN VARIABLE NAME”)
Ex: MSGBOX ENVIRONMENT.VALUE(“ProductName”)&(ENVIRONMENT(“ProductVer”)

2. USER DEFINED VARIABLES: Whenever we feel that we no need some common variables, to develop number of
scripts depending upon our application, then we must declare the user defined variables in a separate environment
file, attach that file to the required test and use those variables inside those tests.

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING AN ENVIRONMENT FILE WITH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES:
Activate the menu item File.
Select the Environment tab.
Select the variable type as User Define.
Add all the required variables and values.
Click on Export.
Browse the desired location and save with .XML extension.

To avoid the above navigation one can directly develop the environment file as follows:

 Open the Notepad
 Develop the script as follows and Save the file with .XML extension.
<ENVIRONMENT>
<VARIABLE>
<NAME>A</NAME>
<VALUE>10</VALUE>
</VARIABLE>
<VARIABLE>
<NAME>PATH</NAME>
<VALUE>”C:CAL.EXE”</VALUE>
</VARIABLE>
</ENVIRONMENT>



NAVIGATION FOR ASSOCIATIONG AN ENVIRONMENT FILE TO THE REQUIRED TEST:
 Activate the menu item File.
 Select the option settings.
 Select the Environment tab.
 Select the variable type as User Define.
 Select the check box load variables and values from external file.
 Browse the desired Environment file.
 Click on apply and OK.

To avoid the above navigation one can directly write the script statements with following syntax:
ENVIRONMENT.LOADFROMFILE”PATH OF ENVIRONMENT FILE”

Ex: ENVIRONMENT.LOADFROMFILE”E:envfile.xml”
PATH=ENVIRONMENT.VALUE(“PATH”)
X=ENVIRONMENT(“A”)
Y=ENVIRONMENT(“B”)
SYSTEMUTIL.RUN PATH
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBEDIT(“VALUE1”).SET X
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBEDIT(“VALUE2”).SET Y
VBWINDOW(“CALCULATOR”).VBBUTTON(“SUB”).CLICK

Ex: DEBUG FROM TEST :
FUNCTION MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “HELLO”
MSGBOX “HAI”
END FUNCTION

MSGBOX “WELCOME”
MYFUNC()
MSGBOX “BYE”

FRAMEWORK: It is defined as a generic work or a set of guidelines to perform a task in an effective, efficient and
optimized way.

Types of Frameworks:
1.LINEAR FRAMEWORK
2.MODULAR FRAMEWORK
3.KEYWORD DRIVEN FRAMEWORK
4.HYBRID FRAMEWORK
5.DATA DRIVEN FRAMEWORK

1. LINEAR FRAMEWORK:
Generate the basic script for the required end to end scenario.
Enhance the script.
Debug the script.
Execute the script.
Analyze the script.



2. MODULAR FRAMEWORK:
Develop the individual components for the tasks which need to be repeatedly perform.
Make them as reusable components.
Prepare the driver scripts for the end to end scenarios.
Execute the driver scripts.
Analyze the results.

ACTION: it is a set of instructions to perform a specific task.

Types of Actions:
1. NORMAL
2. REUSABLE

Reusable Actions called in another test are known as External Actions.
External Actions are non editable.

NAVIGATION FOR INSERTING NEW ACTION:
Activate the menu item Insert.
Select the option Call to New Action.
Specify the desired Action name.
Select one of the following options:
o At the end of the test
o After the current step
Click on OK.

NAVIGATION FOR SPLITTING AN ACTION INTO 2 ACTIONS:
 Save the Action.
 Keep the cursor on the first line of the second part.
 Activate the menu item Edit.
 Go to Action.
 Select the option Split Action.
o Independent of each other
o Nested
 Specify the desired names for the Actions.
 Click on OK.

NAVIGATION FOR RENAMING ACTION:
 Go to Action.
 Select the option rename Action.
 Specify the desired name.
 Click on OK.



NAVIGATION FOR MAKING AN ACTION AS REUSABLE ACTION:
 Go to Action.
 Select the option Action properties.
 Select the checkbox Reusable Action.
 Click on OK.

NAVIGATION FOR CALLING AN EXISTING ACTION:
 Select the option Call to Existing Action.
 Browse the desired test.
 Select the desired Action.
oAt the end of the test
oAfter the current step
 Click on OK.

Ex:
Record the Flight reservation application.
Split the script as Action1 (LOGIN), Action2 (INSERT ORDER), Action3 (OPEN ORDER), Action4 (LOGOUT).
Save the script.
Open a new file.
Call the existing Actions.
Enhance the script if necessary.
Run the script.

Difference between Functions and Actions:
1. We can use Actions with in QTP where as we can use functions anywhere (i.e. outside QTP also).
2. We can call Functions with in Actions but we can't call Actions with in Functions.
3. Generally Functions are saved with ".vbs" extension, where as Actions will save with ".mts".

3. AUTOMATION TESTING PROCESS WITH KEYWORD DRIVEN FRAMEWORK:
Q: What is Automation Testing process?
A: Create the Folder structure as follows:



PROJECT NAME_AUTOMATION

TD

REP

LIB

REC

ENV

TEST

LOG

TD-TEST DATA
REP-REPOSITORY
LIB-LIBRARY
REC-RECOVERY
ENV-ENVIRONMENT
TEST-SCRIPT FILES
LOG-HIGH LEVEL RESULT FILES

TEST LOG: It is a chronological record of all relevant details about the execution of a Test.
NAVIGATION:
 Develop the required Test Data Files, Repository Files, Library Files, Recovery Files and Environment Files and
save them in corresponding folders.
 Open the main Test and associate all the required resources.
 Develop the script in such a way that it is executed based on the keywords specified in the Data Table.
 Save the script in the corresponding folder.
 Whenever required open the script.
 Specify the desired keywords.
 Execute the script and analyze the result.
 Add objects information in the object repository through Add Objects to Local or through Shared Repository.
 For invoking the application we use SYSTEMUTIL.RUN statement.
 Create a library file with .VBS extension through notepad as follows:

FUNCTION LOGIN()
Dialog("Login").Activate
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Agent Name:").Set "suri"
Dialog("Login").WinEdit("Password:").SetSecure "4b55acb065483d2d7c0ba692c91a3baabd597428"
Dialog("Login").WinButton("OK").Click
END FUNCTION

FUNCTION INSORD()
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Button").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").ActiveX("MaskEdBox").Type "111111"
Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly From:").Select "Denver"



Window("Flight Reservation").WinComboBox("Fly To:").Select "Los Angeles"
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("FLIGHT").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Flights Table").WinList("From").Select "6252 DEN 12:48 PM LAX 03:48 PM AA $100.80"
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Flights Table").WinButton("OK").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").WinEdit("Name:").Set "suri"
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Insert Order").Click
END FUNCTION

FUNCTION OPNORD()
Window("Flight Reservation").WinButton("Button_2").Click
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinCheckBox("Order No.").Set "ON"
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinEdit("Edit").Set "5"
Window("Flight Reservation").Dialog("Open Order").WinButton("OK").Click
END FUNCTION

FUNCTION LOGOUT()
Window("Flight Reservation").WinMenu("Menu").Select "File;Exit"
END FUNCTION

 Write the script in QTP Test Pane as follows:

SYSTEMUTIL.RUN "C:PROGRAM FILESMERCURY INTERACTIVEQUICKTEST PROFESSIONALSAMPLESFLIGHTAPPFLIGHT4A.EXE"
VAR=DATATABLE("KEYS",1)
SELECT CASE VAR

CASE "L1"
CALL LOGIN()

CASE "L2"
CALL INSORD()

CASE "L3"
CALL OPNORD()

CASE "L4"
CALL LOGOUT()

END SELECT

4. HYBRID FRAME WORK: It is a mixture of two or more frameworks is known as Hybrid Framework.

5. DATA DRIVEN FRAME WORK: DATA DRIVEN TESTING.

LIBRARY FILES: It is an area provided by QTP, where one can develop and store the user define functions.

NAVIGATION FOR CREATING THE LIBRARY FILES:
 Open the Notepad
 Develop all the required Functions in it.
 Save it with .VBS (VISUAL BASIC SCRIPT) extension.
Activate the menu item New.
Select the option Function Library
Develop all the required Functions
Save it with .QFL (QUICK FUNCTION LIBRARIES) or .VBS extension.



NAVIGATION FOR ASSOCIATING THE LIBRARY FILE TO THE REQUIRED TEST:
 Activate the menu item File.
 Select the option Settings
 Select the Resource tab.
 Click on add button.
 Browse the desired Library file.
 Click on Apply and OK

DIFFERENCES:
a) Win runner is a Functional testing tool
b) Load runner is Performance tool
c) Test director is Management tool
d) Silk test is a Functional testing tool

a) Win runner:
1. You can record the script automatically or manually you can write scripts.
2. This is mainly use for Regression testing.

b) Load runner:
1. This tool is mainly used for Performance testing.
2. We can also use this tool for Load testing and Stress Testing

c) Test director:
1. This is a Management tool.
2. Test director tool contains:
a. Test Plan
b. Test Cases
c. Time estimation
d. Schedule documents
e. Bug Lists

d) Silk test:
1. Silk Test is a tool specifically designed for doing Regression and Functionality testing.
2. It is developed by Segue Software Inc.
3. Silk Test is the industry’s leading functional testing product for e-business applications,
whether Window based, Web, Java, or traditional client/server-based.
4. Silk Test also offers test planning, management, direct database access and validation, the
flexible and robust for Test scripting language.
5. A built in recovery system for unattended testing, and the ability to test across multiple
platforms, browsers and technologies.



VB SCRIPT

VARIABLE: It is a name given to a memory location, which can hold a value and that can be changed any number of
times in future if required.

Naming conventions of a Variable:
 Variable name should be a meaningful name.
 Variable name should always start with an Alphabet.
 It should not exceed 255 characters long.
 It should not include periods (.).
 It should not be same as Keywords or Reserved words.

Declaration of a Variable:
One can declare the Variables in VB Script using the following Keywords:
DIM
PRIVATE
PUBLIC

DIM X : By default it is PRIVATE
PRIVATE X : This Variable scope is limited to particular block
PUBLIC X : we can use Variable in any block, this scope is Global.

Option EXPLICIT: Option EXPLICIT statement restricts the usage of new variables in the program without declaration.
Whenever a new variable is found during the execution immediately an error will be shown, if at all the option
Explicit statement is not used any misspelled variable name also will be treated as new variable.

Ex: Option Explicit
Dim apppath
Apppath=”d:........................”
------------ appapth
------------
------------ appath It shows error
------------
------------ apppath

If we don’t use option Explicit, it will not show any Error.

CONSTANT: It is a name given to a memory location , which can hold a value that can’t be changed in future.

Ex: CONST pi=3.15

ARRAY: It is a special type of variable, which can hold many values.
There are 2 types of Arrays:
1.Single dimension array
2.Multi dimension array
Arrays can declared as fixed length arrays as well as dynamic arrays.



Ex: Fixed length Arrays:
DIM a(10)
-----------------
------------------
a(0)=’---------`
a(1)=’---------‘
---------
-----------
a(9)=’-----------`
a(10)=’------------`

Ex: Dynamic Arrays:
Dim a()
--------------
----------------
REDIM a(20)
-----------------
--------------
REDIM PRSERVE a(30)
--------------
Note: Dynamic arrays can be resized any no of times, while resizing if at all we want to preserve the previous
locations, than we need to use PRESERVE keyword along with REDIM keyword.

OPERATORS:
1. ARTHIMATIC OPERATORS:
+ Ex: a+b
- Ex: a-b
* Ex: a*b
MOD Ex: 20 MOD 7=6
^ Ex: 10 ^ 2=100

2. ASSIGNMENT OPERATOR:
= Ex: a=10

3. CONCATINATION OPERATOR:
& Ex: var=”Suri”
Msgbox ‘My name is:”& var

4. COMPARISION OPERATORS:
<
>
<=
>=
=
<>



5. LOGICAL OPERATORS:
AND
OR
XOR
NOT

TRUTH TABLES:

AND
EXP1 EXP2 RESULT
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F

OR
EXP1 EXP2 RESULT
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F

XOR
EXP1 EXP2 RESULT
T T F
T F T
F T T
F F F

NOT
EXP RESULT
T F
F T

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS:
1. IF---THEN---ELSE: It is used for executing either TRUE block or FALSE block of statements based on the condition.
Syntax: IF <CONDITION> THEN
---------------------
-------------------
ELSE
----------------
------------------
ENDIF



2. SELECT-CASE STATEMENT: Whenever we want to execute a particular block of statements among many blocks
then we will choose select case statement.
Syntax: SELECT CASE var
CASE1
-----------
---------
CASE2
---------
----------
ELSE CASE
----------
----------
END SELECT

LOOPING STATEMENTS:
Looping statements are used for executing a certain block of statements repeatedly and continuously for some
number of times.

1. FOR---NEXT: It is used for executing a block of statements repeatedly for certain number of times.
Syntax: FOR I=1 TO 10 STEP 1
----------------
-------------
NEXT

2. WHILE-----WEND: It is used for executing a block of statements repeatedly as long as the condition is being
satisfied.
Syntax: WHILE <CONDITION>
------------
------------
WEND

3. DO WHILE---LOOP: It is used for executing a block of statements repeatedly as long as the condition is being
satisfied.
Syntax: DO WHILE <CONDITION>
----------------
--------------
LOOP

4. DO-----LOOP WHILE: It is used for executing a block of statements repeatedly as long as the condition is being
satisfied, but first time execution will be done without checking the condition.
Syntax: DO
-------------
--------------
LOOP WHILE <CONDITION>



5. DO UNTIL----LOOP: This loop is used for executing the block of statements repeatedly as long as the condition is
not being satisfied.
Syntax: DO UNTIL <CONDITION>
------------
-----------
LOOP

6. DO----LOOP UNTIL: This loop is used for executing the block of statements repeatedly as long as the condition is
not being satisfied, but first time execution will be done without checking the condition.
Syntax: DO
-----------
------------
LOOP UNTIL <CONDITION>

PROCEDURES: Procedures are used for reusability, whenever we want a task need to be performed again and again
many number of times in different situations and also may be in different programs then we will prepare one
procedure for that task and call that procedure any number of times in any number of programs.

There are 2 types of PROCEDURES:
1. FUNCTION PROCEDURES
2. SUB PROCEDURES

1. Function Procedures can return a value, but Sub Procedures can’t returns a value.
2. Sub Procedures will be executed more faster then Function Procedures, so whenever we no need to return any
value, it is better to use Sub Procedure.

Ex: Function Procedure:
FUNCTION ADD(a,b)
RESULT=A+B
ADD=RESULT
END FUNCTION

MAIN PRG:
VAR=ADD(10,20)
--------------
---------------
VAR1=ADD(20,30)
---------------
------------------

Ex: Sub Procedure:
SUB LOGIN(UN,PW)
------------- SET UN
------------- SET PW
------------- LOGIN, CLICK
END SUB



MAIN PRG:
---------------------
------------------
LOGIN(“SURI”,”TESTING”)
----------------
----------------------
LOGIN(“RAVI”,”ENG”)
--------------
-----------------

Difference between Functions and Procedures:
1. Function returns a value, but a procedure may return or may not return a value.
2. Function can take only input arguments, but procedure may take both input and out put parameters.

REAL TIME SCENARIO WITH METHODS:

1. CAPTURE BITMAP: It is a method used for capturing the snapshot of any object and storing it in the desired
location during the execution.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.CAPTURE BITMAP ”PATH OF THE LOCATION WITH FILE NAME.BMP EXTENSION”
Ex: WINDOW(“FLIGHT RESERVATION”)DIALOG(“OPEN ORDER”)WINBUTTON(“OK”).CAPTUREBITMAP “D:SURIDEFECT.BMP”

2. EXIST: It is a method used for checking whether the object is existing or not, if at all the object is existing than it
will return a value TRUE otherwise it will make the QTP wait till the object exists, soon after the object exists it will
return a value TRUE and allows the QTP for further execution. In case the object doesn’t exist till the maximum time
(Default time + Extra time) specified than finally it will return FALSE and allows the QTP for further execution.
Syntax: VAR=OBJECT HIERARCHY.EXIST[(TIME IN SECONDS)]
Ex: VAR=OBJECT HIERARCHY.EXIST(15)

3. WAIT PROPERTY: It is a method used for making the tool to wait based on the objects properties value or up to
the maximum time.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.WAIT PEOPERTY ”PROPERTYNAME”
Ex: WINDOW(“FLIGHT RESERVATION”).WINBUTTON(“DELETE ORDER”).WAIT PROPERTY “ENABLED”,TRUE,1400

4. WAIT: It is a method used for making the tool to wait till the specified time is elapsed.
Syntax: WAIT(TIME IN SECONDS)

5. CLICK: It is a method used for clicking on a desired object.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.CLICK [X,Y,[BUTTON]]
0-LEFT
1-RIGHT
2-CENTRE

6. DBL CLICK: It is a method used for double clicking on a desired object.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.DBLCLICK[X,Y,[BUTTON]
0-LEFT
1-RIGHT
2-CENTRE



7. SET: It is a method used for performing operations on the following objects:
1. EDIT BOX
2. CHECK BOX
3. RADIO BUTTON

EDIT BOX: It is a method used for setting any value into the edit box.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.SET “VALUE”
Ex: SURENDRA

CHECK BOX: It is a method used for selecting or deselecting the check box.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.SET “ON/OFF”

Ex:

RADIOBUTTON: It is a method used for selecting a radio button in a group of radio buttons.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.SET

Ex:

CASE STUDY 1:
Develop the script for entering CID, CNAME, CAGE, CPHNO and click on SUBMIT.

VBWINDOW(“CUST”).VBEDIT(“CID”).SET “001”
VBWINDOW(“CUST”).VBEDIT(“CNAME”).SET “SURI”
VBWINDOW(“CUST”).VBEDIT(“CAGE”).SET “26”
VBWINDOW(“CUST”).VBEDIT(“CPHNO”).SET “9985621122”
VBWINDOW(“CUST”).VBBUTTON(“SUBMIT”).CLICK

CASE STUDY 2:
Develop the script for selecting the STE, ISTQB, and SQL SERVER check boxes and clicking on NEXT button.



SRSS:

STE
QTP
LR
LIVE PROJECT
ISTQB
SQL SERVER

NEXT

VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“STE”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“ISTQB”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“SQL SERVER”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“NEXT”).SET “ON”

CASE STUDY 3:
Develop the script for deselecting the STE check box, selecting the QTP and LIVE PROJECT check boxes and clicking on
NEXT button.

SRSS:

STE
QTP
LR
LIVE PROJECT
ISTQB
SQL SERVER

NEXT

VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“STE”).SET “OFF”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“ISTQB”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“SQL SERVER”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“SRSS”).VBCHECKBOX(“NEXT”).SET “ON”

CASE STUDY 4:
Develop the script for entering the COUNTRY, AGE, GENDER, selecting the check box PHOTO PROFILES ONLY and
clicking on SEARCH button.



MATRIMONY:

COUNTRY:
AGE:
MALE
FEMALE

PHOTO PROCESS ONLY

SEARCH

VBWINDOW(“MATRIMONY”).VBEDIT(“COUNTRY”).SET “INDIA”
VBWINDOW(“MATRIMONY”).VBEDIT(“AGE”).SET “26”
VBWINDOW(“MATRIMONY”).VBRADIOBUTTON(“FEMALE”).SET
VBWINDOW(“MATRIMONY”).VBCHECKBOX(“PHOTO PROCESS ONLY).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“MATRIMONY”).VBBUTTON(“SEARCH”).CLICK

8. SELECT: It is a method used for selecting an item from a combo box or list box.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.SELECT “ITEM”

CASE STUDY 5:
Develop the script for entering TRAIN NO, TRAIN NAME, and selecting the STARTING POINT and DESTINATION, entering the DOJ,
selecting the CLASS, BIRTH, selecting the BREAKFAST, LUNCH, or DINNER checkboxes and clicking on NEXT.

RESERVATION:

TRAIN NO:
TRAIN NAME:
FROM:
TO:
DOJ:
FIRST A/C UB
SECOND A/C MB
SLEEPER LB
BREAKFAST
LUNCH
DINNER

SEARCH

VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBEDIT(“TRAIN NO”).SET “1234”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBEDIT(“TRAIN NAME”).SET “RAYALASEEMA”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBCOMBOBOX(“FROM”).SELECT “HYD”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBCOMBOBOX(“TO”).SELECTT “KMP”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBEDIT(“DOJ”).SET “121210”



VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBRADIOBUTTON(“FIRST A/C”).SET
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBRADIOBUTTON(“UB”).SET
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBCHECKBOX(“BREAKFAST”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBCHECKBOX(“LUNCH”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBCHECKBOX(“DINNER”).SET “ON”
VBWINDOW(“RESERVETION”).VBBUTTON(“NEXT”).CLICK

9. ACTIVATE: It is a method used for activating a dialog or a window.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.ACTIVATE

10. CLOSE: It is a method used for closing a window.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.CLOSE

11. TYPE: It is a method used for performing the keyboard related operations
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.TYPE “KEY VALUE”
Ex: OBJECT HIERARCHY.TYPE MICTAB

12. SET SECURE: It is a method used for setting the encrypted data into the edit box.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.SET SECURE “ENCRYPTED STRING”

NOTE: To generate the encrypted string QTP has provided special tool by name PASSWORD ENCODER.
NAVIGATION: START------>PROGRAMS-------->QTP-----TOOLS----------->PASSWORD ENCODER.

13. GET RO PROPERTY: It is A method used for getting the run time objects properties value during the execution.
Syntax: VAR=OBJECT HIERARCHY.GETROPROPERTY (“PROPERTY NAME”)

14. GET TO PROPERY: It is a method used for getting the test objects properties value.
Syntax: OBJECT HIERARCHY.GETTOPROPERTY (“PROPERTY NAME”)

CASE STUDY 6:
Develop the script for clicking on OK button, if it is existing and enabled.

FORM:

OK



VAR=VBWINDOW(“FORM”).VBBUTTON(“OK”).EXIST
IF (VAR=TRUE) THAN
VAR1= VAR=VBWINDOW(“FORM”).VBBUTTON(“OK”).GETROPROPERY (“ENABLED”)
IF (VAR1=TRUE) THAN
VAR=VBWINDOW(“FORM”).VBBUTTON(“OK”).CLICK
ELSE
REPORTER.REPORTEVENT 3,”MYREP”,”OK BUTTON IS DISABLED”
ENDIF
ELSE
REPORTER,REPORTEVENT 3,”MYREP”,”OK BUTTON IS NOT EXIST”
ENDIF

CASE STUDY 7:
Develop the script for selecting the PID, entering the QUANTITY, PNAME, RATE, clicking on CAL button and checking
whether it is working fine or not.

PRODUCT:

PID:
PNAME:
PRATE:
QUANTITY:
AMOUNT:

CAL

VBWINDOW(“PRODUCT”).VBCOMBOBOX(“PID”).SELECT “007”
Q=6
R= VBWINDOW(“PRODUCT”).VBEDIT(“PRATE”).GETROPROPERY(“TEXT”)
EV=R*Q
VBWINDOW(“PRODUCT”).VBEDIT(“QUANTITY”).SET Q
VBWINDOW(“PRODUCT”).VBBUTTON(“CAL”).CLICK
AV= VBWINDOW(“PRODUCT”).VBEDIT(“AMOUNT”).GETROPROPERTY(“TEXT”)
IF(EV=AV) THEN
REPORTER.REPORTEVENT 0,”MYREP”,”CAL BUTTON WORKING PROPERLY”
ELSE
REPORTER.REPORTEVENT 1,”MYREP”,”CAL BUTTON NOT WORKING PROPERLY”
ENDIF

CASE STUDY 8:
Develop the script for selecting the PID, entering the QUANTITY, PNAME, RATE, clicking on CAL button, if it is existing
and enabled and checking whether the CAL button is working properly or not.


02 test automation functional testing (qtp)

02 test automation functional testing (qtp)

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