Personality and emotions

1. Chapter 4Chapter 4
Personality and Emotions
Prof. Shrinivas V K
Prof. SVK

2. What is Personality ?What is Personality ?
“ The dynamic organization within the individual of
those psychophysical systems that determine his
unique adjustments to his environment”
-Gordon Allport
“The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts with others”

3. Personality determinantsPersonality determinants
 Heredity
 Environment
 Situation

4. HeredityHeredity
 Genetic underpinnings of human behavior and
temperament among young children.
 Research of 100 identical twins who were separated
at birth and raised separately.
 Individual job satisfaction stable over time.

5. EnvironmentEnvironment
 Culture
 Early conditioning
 Norms among our family friends and social groups
 Experience

6. Personality traitsPersonality traits
“Enduring characteristics that describe an individual’s
behavior”

7.  The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
 The Big Five Model

8. HISTORY OF MBTIHISTORY OF MBTI
Based on Swiss psychologist Carl G
Jung’s type theory (1920s)
Behaviour is individual and predictable
Developed by Katherine Briggs (mother)
and Isabel Myers (daughter) 1940s
The most widely used personality
indicator in the world
Approximately 1 to 3 million people are
administered by MBTI each year

9. Prof. SVK
The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

10. THE MBTI DOES NOT MEASURETHE MBTI DOES NOT MEASURE
IQ
Psychiatric disturbances
Emotions
Trauma
Stress
Learning
Normalcy
Maturity
Illness
Affluence

11. PREFERENCE SCALESPREFERENCE SCALES
Extraversion -------------Introversion
Sensing -------------- Intuition
Thinking -------------- Feeling
Judging -------------- Perception

12. E-I DICHOTOMYE-I DICHOTOMY
EXTRAVERSION INTROVERSION
 Attention focused
outward: people, things,
action
 Using trial and errors with
confidence
 Relaxed and confident
 Scanning the environment
for stimulation
 Seeks variety and action
 Wants to be with others
 Live it, then understand it
 Attention focused
inward: concepts, ideas,
feelings
 Considering deeply
before acting
 Reserved and
questioning
 Probing inwardly for
stimulation
 Seeks quiet for
concentration
 Wants time to be alone
 Understand it before, live
it

13. S-N DICHOTOMYS-N DICHOTOMY
SENSING INTUITION
 Perceiving with the 5
senses
 Reliance on experience
and actual data
 Practical
 In touch with physical
realities
 Attending to the present
moment
 Live life as it is
 Prefer using learned skills
 Pay attention to details
 Make few factual errors
 Perceiving with memory
and association (6th
sense)
 Seeing patterns and
meanings
 Innovation
 Seeing possibilities
 Future achivement
 Projecting possibilities for
the future
 Change, rearrange life
 Prefers adding new skills
 Look at big picture
 Identifies complex pattern

14. T-F DICHOTOMYT-F DICHOTOMY
THINKING FEELING
 Decision based on the
logic of the situation
 Uses cause and effect
reasoning
 Strive for an objective
standard of truth
 Can be tough-minded
 Fair- want everyone
treated equally
 Decisions based on
impact on people
 Guided by personal
values
 Strive for harmony and
positive interaction
 May appear tender
hearted
 Fair-want everyone
treated as an individual

15. J-P DICHOTOMYJ-P DICHOTOMY
JUDGING PERCEIVING
 Focuses on completing
task
 Deciding and planning
 Organizing and
scheduling
 Controlling and regulating
 Goal oriented
 Wanting closure even
when data are incomplete
 Wants only the essentials
of the job
 Focuses on starting task
 Taking in information
 Adapting and changing
 Curious and interested
 Open minded
 Resisting closure in order
to obtain more data
 Wants to find out about
the job

16. Prof. SVK

17. ADVANTAGES OF MBTIADVANTAGES OF MBTI
Self awareness for better self-
management
Identification of behaviour trends that
have positive outcomes
Identification of behaviour trends that
have less desirable outcomes
Link trends with other data points to
clarify personal or professional
developmental opportunities

18.  INTJ’s are visionaries
 ESTJ’s are organizers
 ENTP’s are conceptualizers
 Companies like Apple computers, AT & T, Exxon, GE,
3M Co and the U S Armed forces use this model.

19. History of BFMHistory of BFM
 The Big Five was originally derived in 1970.
 Asking thousands of people hundreds of
questions and then analyzing the data.
 In scientific circles, the Big Five is now the
most widely accepted
 Using Big Five to study personality in terms of
how it changes over time and how it relates to
other variables.

20. Prof. SVK
The Big Five Model of Personality DimensionsThe Big Five Model of Personality Dimensions
Extroversion
Sociable, gregarious, and assertive
Agreeableness
Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.
Conscientiousness
Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.
Openness to Experience
Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.
Emotional Stability/Neuroticism
Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed,
and insecure (negative).

21. Prof. SVK

22. Openness to experience
It is one of the "Big Five"
personality factors which
means being creative and open
to new ideas. This factor
indicates how open mind a
person is. They have creative
thinking and have
Flexible attitude.

23. Characteristics of
Openness
High in
openness
 Having unusual ideas
and art
 Imaginative
 Creative
 Curious
 Daring and take risk
 Open to new and
different ideas
 Flexible Attitude
lower in
openness
 Conventional
 Enjoy having
routines
 less creative
 less curious
Down to earth
 No flexibility

24. Sub traits of the
openness
 Imagination
 Artistic interests
 Emotionality
 Intellect
 Liberalism
 Adventurousness

25. Conscientiousness
Conscientiousness is used to describe the degree to
which person is organized, how discipline he or she is
and can also describe how careful a person is in
certain situation.

26. Characteristics of
Conscientiousness
High level of
conscientiousness:
 Hard working
 Deliberated
 Neat and systematic
 Perfectionists
 Highly dependable
Low level of
Conscientiousness:
 Less goal oriented
 Antisocial
 Criminal behavior
 Not very dependable

27. Sub traits of the conscientiousness
 Self efficacy
 Orderliness
 Dutifulness
 Achievement
striving
 Self disciplined
 Cautiousness

28. AgreeablenessAgreeableness
A personality dimension that describe the
individual’s propensity. Someone with
agreeableness factor is good natured
cooperative and trusting.

29. Characteristics of AgreeablenessCharacteristics of Agreeableness
Persons high in
agreeableness:
 Warm and Helpful
 Friendly
 Put aside their own
interests
 Cooperative and
Generous
 Control their
negative emotions
Persons low in
agreeableness:
 Suspicious
 Unfriendly
 Self centered
 Uncooperative
 Manipulate their
social relations

30. Sub traits of agreeableness:Sub traits of agreeableness:
 Trust
 Straight
forwardness
 Altruism
 Compliance
 Modesty
 Tender
mindedness

31. ExtraversionExtraversion
Extraversion is defined as a
behavior where someone
enjoys being around people
more than being alone. An
example of extraversion is
when someone always likes to
be around people and enjoys
being the center of attention.

32. Characteristics of ExtraversionsCharacteristics of Extraversions
People high in
Extraversion:
Highly involved in
social situation
Talkative
Assertive
Active
Energetic
People low in
Extraversion
Less involve in
social situations
Quite
Reserved
Shy
Silent

33. Sub traits of ExtraversionSub traits of Extraversion
 Friendliness
 Gregariousnes
s
 Assertiveness
 Activity level
 Excitement
seeking
 cheerfulness

34. Neuroticism
Neuroticism is the tendency to experience
negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety,
or depression. It is sometimes called
emotional instability.

35. Characteristics of
Neuroticism
People high in
Neuroticism:
 Anxiety
 Self
consciousness
 Depression
 Impulsiveness
 Angry hostility
People low in
Neuroticism:
 Calm
 Even tempered
 Hardy
 Unemotional

36. LOCUS OF CONTROLLOCUS OF CONTROL
ACTIVITY 1
Prof. SVK

37. Prof. SVK

38. BIG FIVE MODELBIG FIVE MODEL
ACTIVITY 2
Prof. SVK

39. Prof. SVK

40. Prof. SVK

41. Prof. SVK
Major Personality Attributes Influencing OBMajor Personality Attributes Influencing OB
 Locus of control
 Machiavellianism
 Self-esteem
 Self-monitoring
 Risk taking
 Type A personality

42. Prof. SVK
Locus of ControlLocus of Control
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they are
masters of their own fate.
Internals
Individuals who believe that they control what happens to
them.
Externals
Individuals who believe that what happens to them is
controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.

43. Prof. SVK
MachiavellianismMachiavellianism
Conditions Favoring High Machs
• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Emotions distract for others
Conditions Favoring High Machs
• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Emotions distract for others
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,
maintains emotional distance, and believes that
ends can justify means.

44. Prof. SVK
Self-Esteem and Self-MonitoringSelf-Esteem and Self-Monitoring
Self-Esteem (SE)/ Narcissism
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking themselves.
Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals
ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors.

45. Prof. SVK
Risk-TakingRisk-Taking
 High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quicker decisions
– Use less information to make decisions
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations
 Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to make decisions
– Require more information before making decisions
– Exist in larger organizations with stable environments
 Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

46. Type A PersonalityType A Personality
 The theory describes Type A individuals as
ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-
conscious, sensitive, impatient, take on more
than they can handle, want other people to get to
the point, anxious, proactive, and concerned with
time management.
 People with Type A personalities are often high-
achieving "workaholics", push themselves with
deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence.
Prof. SVK

47. Type B personalityType B personality
 They typically work steadily, and may enjoy
achievement, although they have a greater
tendency to disregard physical or mental stress
when they do not achieve.
 When faced with competition, they may focus
less on winning or losing than their Type A
counterparts, and more on enjoying the game
regardless of winning or losing.
 Unlike the Type A personality's rhythm of multi-
tasked careers, Type B individuals are sometimes
attracted to careers of creativity: writer,
counsellor, therapist, actor or actress.
Prof. SVK

48. SIGMUND FREUDSIGMUND FREUD
(1856-1939)
Prof. SVK
Psychoanalytic TheoryPsychoanalytic Theory

49. LAYERS OF MINDLAYERS OF MIND
Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious
Prof. SVK

50. Prof. SVK

51. Conscious MindConscious Mind
Includes
everything we
‘re aware of
Awareness of
our own mental
process(Though
ts and Feelings)
Rational
Prof. SVK

52. Preconscious MindPreconscious Mind
Represent
Ordinary
Memory
Fact Stored
are available
for future use
E.g. (Phone
No, Address)
etc.
Prof. SVK

53. Unconscious MindUnconscious Mind
 Contains feelings,
thoughts and
memories beyond
our Awareness
 Continuous
Influence on our
Behavior and
Action
 (Dreams and
wishes)
Prof. SVK

54. ExampleExample
Prof. SVK

55. STRUCTURE OF
PERSONALITY
STRUCTURE OF
PERSONALITY
Id, Ego And Super Ego
Prof. SVK

56. IDID
 Present from Birth
 Animalistic and
Childish Desires and
no values
 Operates on Pleasure
Principle, to gain
Pleasure and avoid
pain
 Immediate
Satisfaction
 I Want it and want it
right now
 Exists in Unconscious
mindProf. SVK

57. Super EgoSuper Ego
 Develops from 5 to 6
age
 Opposite of the Id
 Operates on Moral
principle
 Differentiate b/w Good
and Bad
 If we follow it , We feel
proud and if not
,then , We feel guilty
 Exists in
Preconscious Mind
Prof. SVK

58. EgoEgo
 Develops After Birth
 In the middle of Id
And Super Ego
 Organized and
Rational
 Reality Principle
 Responsible for
Dealing with Reality
 Exists in Conscious
Mind
Prof. SVK

59. ExampleExample
Prof. SVK

60. Prof. SVK

61. Erikson’s personalityErikson’s personality
Erikson suggested that there are
8 developmental stages as we
grow from childhood to
adulthood and at each of these
stages we face the trauma of
resolving certain critical
conflicts
Prof. SVK

62.  Stage 1: Infancy(0-1yr); Trust Vs Mistrust
 Stage 2: Early childhood(1-3yrs); Autonomy Vs shame
and doubt
 Stage 3: Play age(3-5 yrs); Initiative Vs Guilt
 Stage 4: School Age(5-11yrs); Industry Vs Inferiority
 Stage 5: Adolescence(12-19); Identity Vs Role Diffusion
 Stage6: Early adulthood(young adulthood); Intimacy
Vs Isolation
 Stage 7: Adulthood; Generativity Vs Stagnation
 Stage 8:Mature Adulthood; Ego Integrity Vs Despair
http://prezi.com/uitvsffccb2o/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medi
Prof. SVK
Erikson’s personalityErikson’s personality

63. Erickson’s eight stages of Human
Development
Erickson’s eight stages of Human
Development
Stage 1 Infancy
•Depend on others
•Trust their parents
Stage 2 Early Childhood
Learn to walk, use toilet,
development of self
confidence, self control.
Stage 3 Play age
•Found new power
•Childish fantasies, eagerness,
control
Stage 4 School age
•Learn to make things
•Development of intellectuals
•Seeks success

64. Stage 5 adolescence (12-!8)
•Ready to plan the future
•Strong identity, sexual orientation, etc….
Stage 6 Young Adult (18 to 40)
•Committed
•Achievement oriented
•sharing
Stage 7 Middle adulthood (40 – 65)
•Generous
•Caring, helping, parental touch
Stage 8 Late adulthood( 65 – death)
•Fear death
•pleasure
Erickson’s eight stages of Human
Development
Erickson’s eight stages of Human
Development

65. Prof. SVK

66. Type TheoryType Theory
 Sheldon Theory of Body Types
Sheldon’s Somatotype Character Shape
Picture
Endomorph
(VISEROTONIC)
•Relaxed
•Sociable
•Tolerance
•Comfort
•loving
Mesomorph
(somatotonic)
•Active,
•Assertive,
•Vigorous
•Combative
Ectomorph
(cerebrotonic)
•Quite,
•Fragile
•Restrained,
•Non- assertive
•sensitive
Plump, buxom, developed
visceral structure
Muscular
Lean, delicate, poor muscles.

67. Prof. SVK