2. Anesthesia, or an aesthesia
( from Greek an-, "without"; and
aesthesis, "sensation"),
traditionally meant the condition
of having sensation (including
the feeling of pain) blocked or
temporarily taken away
3. Types of anesthesia
local anesthesia
regionalanesthesia
spinal anesthesia and
epidural anesthesia.
general anesthesia
dissociative anesthesia.
15. local anesthetics
Each of them have the suffix "-caine" in
their names.
procaine
amethocaine
cocaine
lidocaine (also known as Lignocaine)
prilocaine
bupivacaine
levobupivacaine
ropivacaine
mepivacaine
dibucaine
18. Intravenous opioid
analgesic agents
following opioids have short
onset and duration of action and
are frequently used during
general anesthesia:
Alfentanil
Fentanyl
Remifentanil
Sufentanil
19. The following agents have longer onset and
duration of action and are frequently used for
post-operative pain relief:
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Diamorphine, (diacetyl morphine, also known as heroin, not
available in U.S.)
Hydromorphone
Levorphanol
Meperidine, also called pethidine in the UK, New Zealand,
Australia and other countries
Methadone
Morphine
Nalbuphine
Oxycodone, (not available intravenously in U.S.)
Oxymorphone
Pentazocine
20. Muscle relaxants
Depolarizing muscle
relaxants
Succinylcholine (also known
as suxamethonium in the
UK, New Zealand, Australia
and other countries,
"Celokurin" or "celo" for
short in Europe)
Decamethonium
Non-depolarizing muscle
relaxants
Short acting
Mivacurium
Rapacuronium
Intermediate acting
Atracurium
Cisatracurium
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
Long acting
Alcuronium
Doxacurium
Gallamine
Metocurine
Pancuronium
Pipecuronium
Tubocurarine
21. Intravenous reversal agents
Flumazenil, reverses the effects of
benzodiazepines
Naloxone, reverses the effects of
opioids
Neostigmine, helps reverse the effects
of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
Sugammadex, new agent that is
designed to bind Rocuronium therefore
terminating its action
22. Complications and risks
General anesthesia
Vomiting
Chest complications
Thrombosis of leg veins
CO retention (cyanosis)
Pain
Toxic effects
2
23. Spinal anesthesia
Fall in BP due to paralysis of symp.nervous
system
Headache
Meningitis
Vomiting
Toxic reactions
Neurological complications