Biomass and standing Crops Biofuels, biodiesel, Pollution

1. TOPIC- BIOMASS &
STANDING CROP
Presented By:-
Shreeya Panda
Subject- Plant Ecology & Phytogeography

2. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE SOURCES OF BIOMASS.
3. THE USES OF BIOMASS.
4. FOOD AS BIOFUELS
5. THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
6. BIOMASS IN THE FUTURE.
7. CONCLUSION.

3. WHAT IS BIOMASS?
• THE TOTAL MASS OF LIVING MATTER WITHIN A GIVEN UNIT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL AREA.
• PLANT MATERIAL, VEGETATION OR AGRICULTURAL WASTE USED AS A FUEL OR
ENERGY SOURCE.

4. BIOMASS RESOURCES
 WOOD AND AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS (WOOD LOGS, CHIPS, SAWDUST, BARK AND
OTHER ORGANIC MATERIAL.
 SOLID WASTE, BY BURNING GARBAGE HEAT AND ENERGY IS PRODUCED.
 LANDFILL GAS, METHANE GAS IS PRODUCED BY THE BACTERIAL DECAY OF
DEAD PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
 ALCOHOL FUELS, WHEAT, CORN AND OTHER CROPS CAN BE CONVERTED INTO A
VARIETY OF LIQUID FUELS INCLUDING ETHANOL AND METHANOL.

5. CONVERTING BIOMASS ENERGY
INTO A USEABLE ENERGY SOURCE
 DIRECT INCINERATION
 BACTERIAL DECAY. (METHANE GAS PRODUCED BY THE BACTERIAL DECAY OF DEAD
PLANTS OR ANIMALS.
 FERMENTATION, ADDING A YEAST TO BIOMASS PRODUCES AN ALCOHOL CALLED
ETHANOL.
 CONVERSION, BIOMASS CAN BE CONVERTED INTO GAS OR LIQUID FUELS BY USING
CHEMICALS OR HEAT.

6. USES OF BIOMASS
 80% OF BIOMASS ENERGY IS PRODUCED FOR RESIDENTIAL USE.
 79% OF THE BIOMASS WE USE TODAY COMES FROM BURNING WOOD AND
CHIPS.
 BIOMASS IS USED TO HEAT HOMES, WOOD IS BURNED IN OPEN FIRES OR WOOD
PELLET BOILERS AND STOVES.
 18% OF BIOMASS IS PRODUCED FOR INDUSTRIAL USE.
 2% OF BIOMASS ENERGY IS PRODUCED FOR TRANSPORT.

7. ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
 THE MAIN ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS ARE:
1. BIOMASS IS A RENEWABLE FUEL SOURCE.
2. BIOMASS ENERGY PRODUCTION RESULTS IN MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
3. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION IN RURAL AREAS.
4. ALCOHOL FUELS ARE EFFICIENT AND CLEAN BURNING.
5. THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOMASS FUELS IS UNIVERSAL.

8. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
1. WHEN COMBUSTED TO PRODUCE ENERGY IT CONTRIBUTES DIRECTLY TO
GLOBAL WARMING.
2. AN EXPENSIVE SOURCE TO PRODUCE AND CONVERT.
3. ON A SMALL SCALE THERE IS A LIKELY NET LOSS IN ENERGY; AS ENERGY MUST
BE PUT IN TO GROW THE PLANT MASS

9. THE FUTURE OF BIOMASS
 INFINITE FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCES ARE DEPLETING.
 OUR DEPENDENCY ON OIL MUST BE REDUCED.
 RENEWABLE FORMS OF ENERGY GENERATION WILL BE REQUIRED TO SERVE THE
GLOBAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS.
 IRELAND HAS A GOAL OF 16%USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY BY2020 (3.9% IN 2008)
 TODAY IT ACCOUNTS FOR 10% OF THE WORLDS ENERGY CONSUMPTION.

10. STANDING CROPS
• A STANDING CROP IS THE TOTAL DRIED BIOMASS OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS PRESENT IN
A GIVEN ENVIRONMENT.
• STANDING CROP IS THE TOTAL ABOVE-GROUND PLANT BIOMASS ON THE SITE AT A
PARTICULAR POINT IN TIME.
• STANDING CROP INCLUDES CURRENT YEAR'S PRODUCTION TOGETHER WITH THAT
PRODUCED IN PREVIOUS YEARS.
• STANDING CROP AT A SITE FLUCTUATES WITHIN AND AMONG YEARS, DEPENDING ON
SEASONAL CONDITIONS AND UTILIZATION BY GRAZING ANIMALS.

11. PYRAMID OF A STANDING CROP
Biomass of Carnivores
Biomass of Herbivores
Biomass of Producers
A pyramid of standing crop indicates how much biomass is
present in each tropic level at any one time

12. CONCLUSION
• THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STANDING CROP AND SIMPLY BIOMASS IS A
MATTER OF ACCUMULATION (BIOMASS) RELATIVE TO TOTAL AMOUNTS OF
ACCUMULATION (STANDING CROP).

13. THANK YOU