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ORGANIC FARMING FOR LIVELIHOOD
SECURITY OF FARMERS IN INDIA
Presented By:
Shivalika Sood
Seminar Incharge:
Dr. Suresh Kumar Gautam
Contents
1. History
2. Introduction
3. Characteristics of Organic Farming
4. Global Scenario
5. Organic Agriculture in India
6. Organic Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh
7. Cost and Economics
8. Constraints
9. Suggestions
History
 The country faced severe food scarcity during
1950s and 1960s.
 To ensure the food security, the government
decided to increase food production in India.
 Green revolution became the most important
programme in the mid sixty.
 Several hectares of land brought under cultivation
by using high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers
and pesticides.
Contd…
 Country reduced its imports every passing year.
 In 1990s, India had surplus of food grains.
 But due to ill effects of chemical farming and
pumping pesticides and fertilizer relentlessly into
soil, crop productivity has either stagnated or
declined .
 Consumers and farmers are now gradually
shifting back to organic farming in India.
INTRODUCTION
 According to Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO), “Organic
Agriculture is a holistic production management system which
promotes and enhances agro ecosystem health, including
biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity”.
 Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and
legally enforced by many nations, based on the standards set
by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture
Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella organization for
organic farming organizations established in 1972.
 Avoids the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and genetically
modified organisms.
Contd….
Main idea behind Organic Farming
 To avoid adverse impact on environment.
Aim of Organic Farming
 protect the earth’s resources and
 produce safe and healthy food.
 India has lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic
products due to various agro climatic regions.
 This holds promise to the organic producers to tap the market
which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the
export market.
Characteristics of Organic Farming
Long-term soil fertility
Nitrogen self sufficiency
Cultural practices
No use of chemical fertilizers
No use of genetically modified crops
Prevention from soil loss and erosion
Organic farming for livelihood security of farmers  in india
GLOBAL SCENARIO OF
ORGANIC FARMING
11
15 17.3
19.9 25.7
29.2
28.3
30.2 31.5
34.5 36.3
35.7
37.5
37.6
43.2
44.4
50.9
57.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Fig. in m ha
Growth of Organic Agricultural Land From 1999-2016
 Organic
agricultural
land in world
has increased
with CGR
7.99% of from
1999 to 2016.
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
Distribution of Organic Agricultural Land in World
 Oceania/ Australia has
the largest share of
organic agricultural
land in the world i.e.
47%
 Europe and Latin
America also
constitutes for a
considerably large
proportion of total
organic land.
Africa,
3%
North
America
, 6%
Asia,
9%
Latin
America
, 12%
Europe,
23%
Oceania
, 47%
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
Distribution of Organic Producers in World
 Asia and Africa
constitutes for
more than half of
organic producers
in world.
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
Top Ten Countries with Largest Area under Organic Agriculture
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book 2018
Top Ten Countries with the Largest Organic Producers
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
Development of the Global Organic Market
17.9
33.2
59.1
81.6
89.7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2005 2010 2015 2016
BillionUSD
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
Global Market for Organic Agricultural Products
Distribution of retail sales value by country
Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book 2018
USA
46%
Germany
11%
France
8%
China
7%
Canada
4%
Italy
3%
UK 3%
Switzerland
3%
Other
15%
Some Facts on International Standards
1) IFOAM : Established in 1972
Headquarter in Germany
Develop international basic standards.
2) CODEX : Established in 1962
Produce a set of standards, guidelines and
codes of practice for organic production.
3) JAS : Japan Agricultural Standards
JAS is the organic standard in force in Japan.
4)Demeter : It is a world wide net work of 19 international
certification bodies in Africa, Australia, Europe etc.
Developed guidelines for biodynamic
preparation.
Organic farming for livelihood security of farmers  in india
Status of Organic Agriculture in India
• India ranks 9th (2%) in terms of World’s Organic
Agricultural land and 1st in terms of total number of
producers (30%).
• Total area under organic certification process is
3.56 million hectare.
• This includes 50% cultivable area (1.78 m ha) and
rest 50% (1.78 m ha) for wild harvest collection of
forest products.
• Country produced around 1.70 million MT of
certified organic products (2017-18).
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Area under organic certification process during last 5 years
(Cultivated +Wild Harvest)
4.72
4.89
5.71
4.45
3.56
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
millionha
The area under organic certification has declined with CGR
of 6.32 % per annum.
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Organic Agriculture Land in India
Organic Agriculture in India
Sr. no. States Organic In- Conversion Total area
1 Madhya Pradesh 328.42 284.97 613.40
2 Maharashtra 108.03 127.66 235.69
3 Rajasthan 76.00 132.57 208.57
4 Odisha 61.98 43.63 105.62
5 Karnataka 24.67 62.28 86.95
6 Gujarat 49.30 31.97 81.27
7 Sikkim 74.09 1.98 76.08
8 Uttar Pradesh 39.41 15.79 55.20
9 Uttarakhand 19.75 22.56 42.30
10 Meghalaya 2.58 37.76 40.34
18 Himachal Pradesh 8.07 6.08 14.15
Source: APEDA ,2017-18
Area in ‘000 ha
Top 10 Commodity-Wise Production Details
Sr. No. Product name Organic production
(‘000 tonnes)
1 Oilseeds 539.11
2 Sugar crop 318.40
3 Cereals & millets 284.31
4 Fiber crops 247.44
5 Pulses 67.05
6 Spices 45.64
7 Plantation crops 43.71
8 Fruits 33.45
9 Vegetables 20.63
10 Dry fruits 8.13
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Product-Wise Export from India
S.No. Name of product
% of export by
Quantity
% of export by
value
1. Oilseeds 75 47.65
2. Cereals and millets 11.55 10.44
3. Sugar crops 3.98 2.15
4 Fruit products 2.26 2.89
5. Plantation crop 1.83 8.96
6. Spices 1.23 7.76
7. Pulses 1.22 1.86
8. Dry fruit 0.93 8.88
9. Vegetable Products 0.44 2.22
10. others 0.78 1.40
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Institutional / Organizational Structure
Presently, organic farming is promoted through the following
Ministries:
• Ministry of Commerce
1. National Programme on Organic Production (NPOP)
2. National standards for organic products and processes
and accreditation of Certification Agencies
• Ministry of Agriculture
1. National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF)
2. National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF) along with
Regional centres of Organic Farming under NPOF
3. Network project on organic farming (NePOF) under ICAR
Organic Certification in India
• Organic Certification System is a quality assurance
initiative, intended to assure quality, prevent fraud and
promote commerce, based on set of standards and ethics.
• Organic certification is process oriented and not based on
laboratory research.
• Two types of extant certifying mechanisms:-
A. Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS) - meant for
domestic market allows the farming community to self-certify
their organic produce.
B. The Certification Mechanism - administrated under APEDA
and meant for export purpose only. This is being done by
APEDA under the National Programme for Organic
Production (NPOP), administered by the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
Status of Organic Agriculture
in Himachal Pradesh
Total Area Under Certification Process in State
Sr. No. Status Area (‘000 ha)
1 Cultivated Area 14.15
2 Wild Harvest 156.00
Total Area 170.15
Cultivated Farm Area in the State
Sr. No. Status Area (‘000 ha)
1 Organic Area 8.07
2 In conversion Area 6.08
Total area 14.15
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Status of organic produce in Himachal Pradesh
S. No. Name of product Production (tonnes)
1. Cereals & millets 209.70
2. Dry fruits 17.55
3. Fruits 176.71
4 Oilseeds 17.04
5. Medicinal 6.18
6. Plantation 343.47
7. Pulses 80.50
8. Spices & condiments 1769.47
Source: APEDA, 2017-18
Organic Farm CSK HPKV
• Organic farming was started in COA (CSK HPKV) in the year
2002.
• First “Niche area of Excellence” program on organic farming in
Hill Agriculture in 2006.
• Model organic farm spread over an area of about 20 hectares
• Currently, under Experiential learning programme three trials are
being conducted on :
– Garlic, Onion and Potato
• Organic Inputs produced – Vermicompost, Nadep compost,,
Panchagavya, Vermiwash , Matka khad, Himsol, Agniastra,
Jeevamrit, Beejamrit etc.
Cost and Economics of Organic
vs Inorganic Crops in India
Organic vs Conventional Input Costs
Source: Mukherjee et al. 2017
Rs./ha
Cost Involved in Chilli Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic Farms (Rs./ha)
Particulars Organic Farm Inorganic Farm
Variable cost Cost % to total cost Cost % to total cost
Seeds 930 2.03 1227.5 2.57
FYM 4555 9.94 5652.5 11.83
Green manuring seeds 1110 2.42 - -
Vermicompost 3592.5 7.84 - -
Biofertilizers 405 0.88 - -
Biopesticides 1862.5 4.06 - -
Chemical fertilizers - - 4717.5 9.87
Plant Protection Chemicals - - 2775 5.81
Human Labour 12785 27.89 14225 29.77
Bullock Labour 7122.5 15.54 5202.5 10.89
Machine Labour 2262.5 4.94 9467.5 19.81
Interest on working capital 2422.5 5.28 2547.5 5.33
Sub total (A) 37047.5 81.00 38935 81.00
Fixed Cost
Land revenue 62.5 0.14 62.5 0.13
Rental value of land 6250 13.63 6250 13.08
Depreciation 1165 2.54 1172.5 2.45
Interest on fixed capital 1317.5 2.87 1365 2.86
Sub total (B) 8795 19.00 8850 19.00
Total cost of cultivation 45842 100.00 47785 100.00
Source: Naik et al. 2012Location: Karnataka
Economics of Chilli Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic Farms
Source: Naik et al. 2012Location: Karnataka
Particulars
Organic
farm
Inorganic
Farm
Yield (tonne/ha) 10.25 12.15
Market price (Rs./tonne) 9830 6300
Transportation Cost (Rs/tonne) 265 285
Commission Charges (Rs/tonne) 644 432
Total Marketing Cost (Rs/ha) 9315 8712
Gross Returns (Rs./ha) 100758 76545
Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 45843 47785
Net Returns (Rs./ha) 54915 28760
B:C 2.19 1.60
Particulars Organic Farm Inorganic Farm
Variable cost Cost % to total cost Cost % to total cost
Seeds 733.58 1.03 1284.83 1.62
FYM 3553.08 4.97 1845.93 2.33
Green manuring seeds 1942.53 2.72 - -
Vermicompost 1400.70 1.96 - -
Biofertilizers 3269.58 4.58 - -
Biopesticides 1048.98 1.47 - -
Chemical fertilizers - - 11272.53 14.23
Plant Protection Chemicals - - 7841.73 9.90
Human Labour 14616.50 20.45 10237.75 12.92
Bullock Labour 931.78 1.30 538.05 0.68
Machine Labour 9410.75 13.17 10965.08 13.84
Irrigation charges 250.00 0.35 250.00 0.32
Interest on working capital 2601.00 3.64 3096.50 3.91
Subtotal (A) 39758.45 55.63 47332.38 59.73
Fixed Cost
Land revenue 125.00 0.17 125.00 0.16
Rental value of land 26250.00 36.73 26250.00 33.13
Depreciation 2563.60 3.59 2747.50 3.47
Interest on fixed capital 2766.98 3.87 2787.30 3.52
Subtotal (B) 31705.58 44.37 31909.80 40.27
Total cost of cultivation 71464.03 100.00 79242.18 100.00
Cost Involved in Paddy Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic farm (Rs./ha)
Source: Kondaguri et al. 2014Location: Karnataka
Economics of Paddy cultivation on organic and inorganic farms
Sr. No. Particulars
Organic
Farm
Inorganic
Farm
1 Yield/ha
a. Main Product (q/ha) 67.40 82.30
b. By Product (q/ha) 5.97 9.45
2 Market Price
a. Main Product (Rs./q) 1786 1394
b. By Product (Rs./q) 833 486
3 Total marketing Cost (Rs/ha) 776.15 1042.85
4 Gross returns (Rs./ha) 125373 119350
5 Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 71464.03 79242.88
6 Net returns(Rs./ha) 53909 40107
7 B:C 1.75 1.49
Source: Kondaguri et al. 2014Location: Karnataka
Price Difference of Organic vis a vis Inorganic Produce
Thakur and Sharma, 2005
Sr. No. Particulars
Organic
Produce
(Rs./Kg)
Inorganic
Produce
(Rs./Kg)
1 Maize 11.25 6.00
2 Unpolished basmati red Rice 80.00 35.00
3 Wheat 22.50 8.00
4 Rajmash 48.00 24.00
5 Unpolished Pulses 41.20 22.00
6 Cucumber 20.30 5.50
7 Cauliflower 16.30 4.50
8 Cabbage 12.50 4.00
9 Bottlegourd 15.00 5.00
10 Ghee 220 145
Location: Himachal Pradesh
Effect of Treatments on Wheat Grain Equivalent Yield
Treatments
Wheat grain equivalent yield (q/ha)
During conversion After conversion
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
FYM 20t/ha 17.9 17.2 30.7 35.8 38.8 42.2
VC 15t/ha 18.2 18.8 36.0 39.7 39.0 42.1
HC 5 t/ha 19.9 19.8 37.0 39.8 40.2 43.1
FYM+HC (10+2)t/ha 29.4 28.5 38.1 40.2 41.9 43.9
VC+HC (10+1)t/ha 23.5 25.1 37.5 39.8 42.0 44.9
FYM+VC (10+10) t/ha 22.4 23.3 39.8 39.6 42.1 44.4
Control (FYM 5t/ha) 14.4 16.5 23.5 30.5 32.8 36.6
CD (P=0.05) 2.8 3.5 4.2 3.2 2.8 3.7
Location: CSK HPKV Palampur Source: Saini and Kumar, 2014
VC: Vermicompost, HC: Himcompost, FYM: Farm Yard Manure
CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES
Particulars Garret Score Rank
Non availability of labour 78.88 1
High transportation cost 77.75 2
Lack of exclusive organic market 73.50 3
Lack of technical guidance 73.41 4
Problem of certification 66.00 5
Lack of irrigation facility 65.50 6
Costly bio-inputs 64.53 7
Non availability of bio-inputs 63.00 8
High cost of certification 55.13 9
Low yield 54.97 10
Weak arbitration mechanism 36.72 11
Lack of subsidy support in conversion period 33.66 12
Inability to obtain premium prices for the produce 29.66 13
Constraints in Adoption of Organic Farming
Source: Kumara et al. 2015Location: Maharashtra
Constraints Faced by Consumers in Organic Food Purchase:
Constraints Garret Score Rank
Higher price than conventional produce 56.15 1
Limited / inadequate supply 28.85 2
Lack of information 19.00 3
Inadequate organic outlets 15.19 4
Doubts over authenticity of the organic
produce
10.22 5
Perceiving no difference between organic
and conventional produce
8.13 6
Source: Shanmugapriya et al. 2014Location: Tamil Nadu
Organic Certification Agencies in India
 Bureau VERITAS Certification India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai
 Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT)
 Lacon Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd.
 OneCert International Pvt. Ltd
 SGS India Pvt. Ltd.
 Control Union Inspections India Pvt. Ltd.
 Uttarakhand State Organic Certification Agency
 Apof Organic Certification Agency
 Rajasthan State Organic Certification Agency
 ECOCERT India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, Maharashtra
 IMO Control Pvt. Ltd.
 Vedic Organic Certification Agency
 Aditi Organic Certifications Pvt. Ltd.
 Chhattisgarh Certification Society, India
 ISCOP (Indian Society for Certification of Organic Products)
 TQ Cert Services Private Limited
 Tamil Nadu Organic Certification Department
 Intertek India Pvt. Ltd.
 Madhya Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency
 Odisha State Organic Certification Agency
 Natural Organic Certification Agro Pvt. Ltd.
 Fair Cert Certification Services Pvt. Ltd.
 Gujarat Organic Products Certification Agency
 Uttar Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency
 Karnataka State Organic Certification Agency
 Sikkim State Organic Certification Agency
 Global Certification Society
 GreenCert Biosolutions Pvt. Ltd
 Telangana State Organic Certification Authority
Contd…
Suggestions
• Organic farming should be included in the National Skill
Development Mission.
• Seeing is Believing- Demonstration farms to be set up for
Organic farming.
• Budget allocations for promotion of organic farming should
be scaled up.
• Organic inputs should also be provided at subsidized rates.
• Government should think of introducing MSP for organic
products.
• Agricultural universities should encourage the research in
the field of organic farming.
• Government should actively contribute to awareness rising
for the organic agriculture on all levels.
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Organic farming for livelihood security of farmers in india

  • 1. on ORGANIC FARMING FOR LIVELIHOOD SECURITY OF FARMERS IN INDIA Presented By: Shivalika Sood Seminar Incharge: Dr. Suresh Kumar Gautam
  • 2. Contents 1. History 2. Introduction 3. Characteristics of Organic Farming 4. Global Scenario 5. Organic Agriculture in India 6. Organic Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh 7. Cost and Economics 8. Constraints 9. Suggestions
  • 3. History  The country faced severe food scarcity during 1950s and 1960s.  To ensure the food security, the government decided to increase food production in India.  Green revolution became the most important programme in the mid sixty.  Several hectares of land brought under cultivation by using high yielding varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
  • 4. Contd…  Country reduced its imports every passing year.  In 1990s, India had surplus of food grains.  But due to ill effects of chemical farming and pumping pesticides and fertilizer relentlessly into soil, crop productivity has either stagnated or declined .  Consumers and farmers are now gradually shifting back to organic farming in India.
  • 5. INTRODUCTION  According to Codex Alimentarius (FAO/WHO), “Organic Agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity”.  Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by many nations, based on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972.  Avoids the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers and genetically modified organisms.
  • 6. Contd…. Main idea behind Organic Farming  To avoid adverse impact on environment. Aim of Organic Farming  protect the earth’s resources and  produce safe and healthy food.  India has lot of potential to produce all varieties of organic products due to various agro climatic regions.  This holds promise to the organic producers to tap the market which is growing steadily in the domestic market related to the export market.
  • 7. Characteristics of Organic Farming Long-term soil fertility Nitrogen self sufficiency Cultural practices No use of chemical fertilizers No use of genetically modified crops Prevention from soil loss and erosion
  • 10. 11 15 17.3 19.9 25.7 29.2 28.3 30.2 31.5 34.5 36.3 35.7 37.5 37.6 43.2 44.4 50.9 57.8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Fig. in m ha Growth of Organic Agricultural Land From 1999-2016  Organic agricultural land in world has increased with CGR 7.99% of from 1999 to 2016. Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
  • 11. Distribution of Organic Agricultural Land in World  Oceania/ Australia has the largest share of organic agricultural land in the world i.e. 47%  Europe and Latin America also constitutes for a considerably large proportion of total organic land. Africa, 3% North America , 6% Asia, 9% Latin America , 12% Europe, 23% Oceania , 47% Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
  • 12. Distribution of Organic Producers in World  Asia and Africa constitutes for more than half of organic producers in world. Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
  • 13. Top Ten Countries with Largest Area under Organic Agriculture Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book 2018
  • 14. Top Ten Countries with the Largest Organic Producers Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
  • 15. Development of the Global Organic Market 17.9 33.2 59.1 81.6 89.7 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 BillionUSD Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book, 2018
  • 16. Global Market for Organic Agricultural Products Distribution of retail sales value by country Source: FiBL & IFOAM Year Book 2018 USA 46% Germany 11% France 8% China 7% Canada 4% Italy 3% UK 3% Switzerland 3% Other 15%
  • 17. Some Facts on International Standards 1) IFOAM : Established in 1972 Headquarter in Germany Develop international basic standards. 2) CODEX : Established in 1962 Produce a set of standards, guidelines and codes of practice for organic production. 3) JAS : Japan Agricultural Standards JAS is the organic standard in force in Japan. 4)Demeter : It is a world wide net work of 19 international certification bodies in Africa, Australia, Europe etc. Developed guidelines for biodynamic preparation.
  • 19. Status of Organic Agriculture in India • India ranks 9th (2%) in terms of World’s Organic Agricultural land and 1st in terms of total number of producers (30%). • Total area under organic certification process is 3.56 million hectare. • This includes 50% cultivable area (1.78 m ha) and rest 50% (1.78 m ha) for wild harvest collection of forest products. • Country produced around 1.70 million MT of certified organic products (2017-18). Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 20. Area under organic certification process during last 5 years (Cultivated +Wild Harvest) 4.72 4.89 5.71 4.45 3.56 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 millionha The area under organic certification has declined with CGR of 6.32 % per annum. Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 21. Organic Agriculture Land in India Organic Agriculture in India Sr. no. States Organic In- Conversion Total area 1 Madhya Pradesh 328.42 284.97 613.40 2 Maharashtra 108.03 127.66 235.69 3 Rajasthan 76.00 132.57 208.57 4 Odisha 61.98 43.63 105.62 5 Karnataka 24.67 62.28 86.95 6 Gujarat 49.30 31.97 81.27 7 Sikkim 74.09 1.98 76.08 8 Uttar Pradesh 39.41 15.79 55.20 9 Uttarakhand 19.75 22.56 42.30 10 Meghalaya 2.58 37.76 40.34 18 Himachal Pradesh 8.07 6.08 14.15 Source: APEDA ,2017-18 Area in ‘000 ha
  • 22. Top 10 Commodity-Wise Production Details Sr. No. Product name Organic production (‘000 tonnes) 1 Oilseeds 539.11 2 Sugar crop 318.40 3 Cereals & millets 284.31 4 Fiber crops 247.44 5 Pulses 67.05 6 Spices 45.64 7 Plantation crops 43.71 8 Fruits 33.45 9 Vegetables 20.63 10 Dry fruits 8.13 Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 23. Product-Wise Export from India S.No. Name of product % of export by Quantity % of export by value 1. Oilseeds 75 47.65 2. Cereals and millets 11.55 10.44 3. Sugar crops 3.98 2.15 4 Fruit products 2.26 2.89 5. Plantation crop 1.83 8.96 6. Spices 1.23 7.76 7. Pulses 1.22 1.86 8. Dry fruit 0.93 8.88 9. Vegetable Products 0.44 2.22 10. others 0.78 1.40 Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 24. Institutional / Organizational Structure Presently, organic farming is promoted through the following Ministries: • Ministry of Commerce 1. National Programme on Organic Production (NPOP) 2. National standards for organic products and processes and accreditation of Certification Agencies • Ministry of Agriculture 1. National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) 2. National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF) along with Regional centres of Organic Farming under NPOF 3. Network project on organic farming (NePOF) under ICAR
  • 25. Organic Certification in India • Organic Certification System is a quality assurance initiative, intended to assure quality, prevent fraud and promote commerce, based on set of standards and ethics. • Organic certification is process oriented and not based on laboratory research. • Two types of extant certifying mechanisms:- A. Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS) - meant for domestic market allows the farming community to self-certify their organic produce. B. The Certification Mechanism - administrated under APEDA and meant for export purpose only. This is being done by APEDA under the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP), administered by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
  • 26. Status of Organic Agriculture in Himachal Pradesh
  • 27. Total Area Under Certification Process in State Sr. No. Status Area (‘000 ha) 1 Cultivated Area 14.15 2 Wild Harvest 156.00 Total Area 170.15 Cultivated Farm Area in the State Sr. No. Status Area (‘000 ha) 1 Organic Area 8.07 2 In conversion Area 6.08 Total area 14.15 Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 28. Status of organic produce in Himachal Pradesh S. No. Name of product Production (tonnes) 1. Cereals & millets 209.70 2. Dry fruits 17.55 3. Fruits 176.71 4 Oilseeds 17.04 5. Medicinal 6.18 6. Plantation 343.47 7. Pulses 80.50 8. Spices & condiments 1769.47 Source: APEDA, 2017-18
  • 29. Organic Farm CSK HPKV • Organic farming was started in COA (CSK HPKV) in the year 2002. • First “Niche area of Excellence” program on organic farming in Hill Agriculture in 2006. • Model organic farm spread over an area of about 20 hectares • Currently, under Experiential learning programme three trials are being conducted on : – Garlic, Onion and Potato • Organic Inputs produced – Vermicompost, Nadep compost,, Panchagavya, Vermiwash , Matka khad, Himsol, Agniastra, Jeevamrit, Beejamrit etc.
  • 30. Cost and Economics of Organic vs Inorganic Crops in India
  • 31. Organic vs Conventional Input Costs Source: Mukherjee et al. 2017 Rs./ha
  • 32. Cost Involved in Chilli Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic Farms (Rs./ha) Particulars Organic Farm Inorganic Farm Variable cost Cost % to total cost Cost % to total cost Seeds 930 2.03 1227.5 2.57 FYM 4555 9.94 5652.5 11.83 Green manuring seeds 1110 2.42 - - Vermicompost 3592.5 7.84 - - Biofertilizers 405 0.88 - - Biopesticides 1862.5 4.06 - - Chemical fertilizers - - 4717.5 9.87 Plant Protection Chemicals - - 2775 5.81 Human Labour 12785 27.89 14225 29.77 Bullock Labour 7122.5 15.54 5202.5 10.89 Machine Labour 2262.5 4.94 9467.5 19.81 Interest on working capital 2422.5 5.28 2547.5 5.33 Sub total (A) 37047.5 81.00 38935 81.00 Fixed Cost Land revenue 62.5 0.14 62.5 0.13 Rental value of land 6250 13.63 6250 13.08 Depreciation 1165 2.54 1172.5 2.45 Interest on fixed capital 1317.5 2.87 1365 2.86 Sub total (B) 8795 19.00 8850 19.00 Total cost of cultivation 45842 100.00 47785 100.00 Source: Naik et al. 2012Location: Karnataka
  • 33. Economics of Chilli Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic Farms Source: Naik et al. 2012Location: Karnataka Particulars Organic farm Inorganic Farm Yield (tonne/ha) 10.25 12.15 Market price (Rs./tonne) 9830 6300 Transportation Cost (Rs/tonne) 265 285 Commission Charges (Rs/tonne) 644 432 Total Marketing Cost (Rs/ha) 9315 8712 Gross Returns (Rs./ha) 100758 76545 Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 45843 47785 Net Returns (Rs./ha) 54915 28760 B:C 2.19 1.60
  • 34. Particulars Organic Farm Inorganic Farm Variable cost Cost % to total cost Cost % to total cost Seeds 733.58 1.03 1284.83 1.62 FYM 3553.08 4.97 1845.93 2.33 Green manuring seeds 1942.53 2.72 - - Vermicompost 1400.70 1.96 - - Biofertilizers 3269.58 4.58 - - Biopesticides 1048.98 1.47 - - Chemical fertilizers - - 11272.53 14.23 Plant Protection Chemicals - - 7841.73 9.90 Human Labour 14616.50 20.45 10237.75 12.92 Bullock Labour 931.78 1.30 538.05 0.68 Machine Labour 9410.75 13.17 10965.08 13.84 Irrigation charges 250.00 0.35 250.00 0.32 Interest on working capital 2601.00 3.64 3096.50 3.91 Subtotal (A) 39758.45 55.63 47332.38 59.73 Fixed Cost Land revenue 125.00 0.17 125.00 0.16 Rental value of land 26250.00 36.73 26250.00 33.13 Depreciation 2563.60 3.59 2747.50 3.47 Interest on fixed capital 2766.98 3.87 2787.30 3.52 Subtotal (B) 31705.58 44.37 31909.80 40.27 Total cost of cultivation 71464.03 100.00 79242.18 100.00 Cost Involved in Paddy Cultivation on Organic and Inorganic farm (Rs./ha) Source: Kondaguri et al. 2014Location: Karnataka
  • 35. Economics of Paddy cultivation on organic and inorganic farms Sr. No. Particulars Organic Farm Inorganic Farm 1 Yield/ha a. Main Product (q/ha) 67.40 82.30 b. By Product (q/ha) 5.97 9.45 2 Market Price a. Main Product (Rs./q) 1786 1394 b. By Product (Rs./q) 833 486 3 Total marketing Cost (Rs/ha) 776.15 1042.85 4 Gross returns (Rs./ha) 125373 119350 5 Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) 71464.03 79242.88 6 Net returns(Rs./ha) 53909 40107 7 B:C 1.75 1.49 Source: Kondaguri et al. 2014Location: Karnataka
  • 36. Price Difference of Organic vis a vis Inorganic Produce Thakur and Sharma, 2005 Sr. No. Particulars Organic Produce (Rs./Kg) Inorganic Produce (Rs./Kg) 1 Maize 11.25 6.00 2 Unpolished basmati red Rice 80.00 35.00 3 Wheat 22.50 8.00 4 Rajmash 48.00 24.00 5 Unpolished Pulses 41.20 22.00 6 Cucumber 20.30 5.50 7 Cauliflower 16.30 4.50 8 Cabbage 12.50 4.00 9 Bottlegourd 15.00 5.00 10 Ghee 220 145 Location: Himachal Pradesh
  • 37. Effect of Treatments on Wheat Grain Equivalent Yield Treatments Wheat grain equivalent yield (q/ha) During conversion After conversion 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 FYM 20t/ha 17.9 17.2 30.7 35.8 38.8 42.2 VC 15t/ha 18.2 18.8 36.0 39.7 39.0 42.1 HC 5 t/ha 19.9 19.8 37.0 39.8 40.2 43.1 FYM+HC (10+2)t/ha 29.4 28.5 38.1 40.2 41.9 43.9 VC+HC (10+1)t/ha 23.5 25.1 37.5 39.8 42.0 44.9 FYM+VC (10+10) t/ha 22.4 23.3 39.8 39.6 42.1 44.4 Control (FYM 5t/ha) 14.4 16.5 23.5 30.5 32.8 36.6 CD (P=0.05) 2.8 3.5 4.2 3.2 2.8 3.7 Location: CSK HPKV Palampur Source: Saini and Kumar, 2014 VC: Vermicompost, HC: Himcompost, FYM: Farm Yard Manure
  • 39. Particulars Garret Score Rank Non availability of labour 78.88 1 High transportation cost 77.75 2 Lack of exclusive organic market 73.50 3 Lack of technical guidance 73.41 4 Problem of certification 66.00 5 Lack of irrigation facility 65.50 6 Costly bio-inputs 64.53 7 Non availability of bio-inputs 63.00 8 High cost of certification 55.13 9 Low yield 54.97 10 Weak arbitration mechanism 36.72 11 Lack of subsidy support in conversion period 33.66 12 Inability to obtain premium prices for the produce 29.66 13 Constraints in Adoption of Organic Farming Source: Kumara et al. 2015Location: Maharashtra
  • 40. Constraints Faced by Consumers in Organic Food Purchase: Constraints Garret Score Rank Higher price than conventional produce 56.15 1 Limited / inadequate supply 28.85 2 Lack of information 19.00 3 Inadequate organic outlets 15.19 4 Doubts over authenticity of the organic produce 10.22 5 Perceiving no difference between organic and conventional produce 8.13 6 Source: Shanmugapriya et al. 2014Location: Tamil Nadu
  • 41. Organic Certification Agencies in India  Bureau VERITAS Certification India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai  Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT)  Lacon Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd.  OneCert International Pvt. Ltd  SGS India Pvt. Ltd.  Control Union Inspections India Pvt. Ltd.  Uttarakhand State Organic Certification Agency  Apof Organic Certification Agency  Rajasthan State Organic Certification Agency  ECOCERT India Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, Maharashtra  IMO Control Pvt. Ltd.  Vedic Organic Certification Agency  Aditi Organic Certifications Pvt. Ltd.  Chhattisgarh Certification Society, India
  • 42.  ISCOP (Indian Society for Certification of Organic Products)  TQ Cert Services Private Limited  Tamil Nadu Organic Certification Department  Intertek India Pvt. Ltd.  Madhya Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency  Odisha State Organic Certification Agency  Natural Organic Certification Agro Pvt. Ltd.  Fair Cert Certification Services Pvt. Ltd.  Gujarat Organic Products Certification Agency  Uttar Pradesh State Organic Certification Agency  Karnataka State Organic Certification Agency  Sikkim State Organic Certification Agency  Global Certification Society  GreenCert Biosolutions Pvt. Ltd  Telangana State Organic Certification Authority Contd…
  • 43. Suggestions • Organic farming should be included in the National Skill Development Mission. • Seeing is Believing- Demonstration farms to be set up for Organic farming. • Budget allocations for promotion of organic farming should be scaled up. • Organic inputs should also be provided at subsidized rates. • Government should think of introducing MSP for organic products. • Agricultural universities should encourage the research in the field of organic farming. • Government should actively contribute to awareness rising for the organic agriculture on all levels.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. In 2016, Global organic agricultural land increased by 6.9 m ha which is almost 13.5% more as compared to 2015.