SARS presentation

1. Severe acute respiratory
syndrome
Presented by: Shivangi sharma
Msc Nsg. 1st year

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• Carlo Urbani (Castelplanio, Italy October 19,
1956 – Bangkok, Thailand March 29, 2003) was
an Italian physician and the first to identify
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) as a
new and dangerously contagious disease.
Although he became infected and died, his early
warning to the World Health Organization
(WHO) touched off a massive response that
probably helped save the lives of millions of
people around the world.

4. Definition
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a
respiratory disease in humans which is caused
by the SARS corona virus .
• It is a viral disease caused by a virus of Corona
respiratory viruses affecting mostly respiratory
organs.

5. Corona virus
• Corona viruses are positive
strand, enveloped RNA viruses
that are important pathogens
of mammals and birds. This
group of viruses causes enteric
or respiratory tract infections
in a variety of animals
including humans, livestock
and pets.

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• Between November 2002 and July 2003 an
outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong nearly became a
pandemic,
• with 8,422 cases and 916 deaths worldwide
(10.9% fatality) according to the WHO. Within
weeks SARS spread from Hong Kong to infect
individuals in 37 countries in early 2003.

9. Causes
• Droplets from coughing and sneezing and close
human contact
• By leaving respiratory droplets on objects, such
as door handles, doorbells, and telephones.
• The virus is likely to remain active in the
environment for several days.

11. • It is also possible to acquire the SARS virus by
touching a surface that has been contaminated
by the droplets projected from a person with
SARS. The person who touches a contaminated
surface must then touch their eyes or nose or
mouth to provide entry to the virus to the body.

12. Suspect SARS
• SARS may be suspected in a patient who
has:Any of the symptoms, including a fever of 38
°C (100.4 °F) or higher, and
• Either a history of:
- Contact (sexual or casual) with someone with a
diagnosis of SARS within the last 10 days OR
-Travel to any of the regions identified by the
WHO as areas with recent local transmission of
SARS (affected regions as of 10 May 2003[13]
were parts of China, Hong Kong, Singapore and
the province of Ontario, Canada).

14. Diagnostic evaluation

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• History collection
• Physical examination

17. • Pneumonia is a common complication, so a
person who develops unexplained pneumonia
and has a spent time in a place where there is an
outbreak should be suspected of having SARS.

18. Tests
Laboratory tests can help identify SARS-CoV.
• Reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction (RT-PCR) testing can detect the virus
in blood, stool, and nasal secretions.
•
• Serologic testing can detect SARS-CoV
antibodies in the blood. If a person has
antibodies, they are also likely to have the
infection.

19. Management
• Treatment of SARS so far has been largely
supportive with antipyretics, supplemental
oxygen and ventilatory support as needed.
• Isolation and Quarantine the best options.

21. • There was initially anecdotal support for
steroids and the antiviral drug ribavirin, but no
published evidence has supported this therapy

22. Prevention
• frequent handwashing
• avoiding touching the eyes, mouth
or
• nose with unclean hands
• covering the mouth and nose with a
tissue

23. Protect Healthcare Personnel During
Aerosol-Generating Procedures
• Limit personnel to those essential for
performing procedure
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment
• Gowns and gloves
• Sealed eye protection (i.e., goggles)
• Respiratory protection device

24. Is there a vaccine ?