Job shadowing is an ethnographic research method where an observer follows a participant in their workplace to understand their activities, tools used, interactions, and behavior. The observer takes structured notes using a paper-based template divided into activities, environment, and observations. The observer must set goals, get the participant's permission and availability, educate themselves on the participant's work culture, choose an observation spot, and schedule follow-up interviews to clarify any questions. Taking quick, organized notes and asking the participant to explain their actions provides insights into the participant's needs and experiences to inform product design.