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Risk and Return
Holding Period Return ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Probability Concept ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Computing the Basic Statistics A security analyst has prepared the following probability distribution of the possible returns on the common stock shares of two companies: Compu-Graphics Inc. (CGI) and Data Switch Corp. (DSC).
The Mean For CGI, the mean (or expected) return is: Similarly, the mean return for DSC is 24.00%
The Variance and Standard Deviation The variance of CGI’s returns is: The Standard Deviation of CGI’s return is:
The Covariance The covariance of the returns on CGI and DSC is:
The Correlation Coefficient The correlation coefficient between CGI and DSC is:
Summary of Results for CGI and DSC
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Portfolio Securities
Portfolio Expected Return and Risk Expected Return Risk The Expected  Returns  of the Securities The  Portfolio Weights   The Risk  of the Securities The  Portfolio Weights  The  Correlation Coefficients
Portfolio Weights and Expected Return
Portfolio Expected Return and Risk
Diversification of Risk ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Correlation Coefficient and Portfolio Risk
Consider stocks of two companies, X and Y. The table below gives their expected returns and standard deviations . Plot the risk and expected return of portfolios of these two stocks for the following (assumed) correlation coefficients: -1.0  0.5 0.0 +0.5  +1.0 Correlation Coefficient and Portfolio Risk
Correlation Coefficient and Portfolio Risk Y Correlation Coefficient -1.0 -0.5 0.0 +0.5 +1.0 X
Portfolios with Many Assets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
All Combinations of Risky Assets
Efficient Frontier ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
   (risk) Efficient Frontier    (expected return) F E
Choosing the Best Risky Asset ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Combinations of a Risk Free and a Risky Asset    (risk)    (expected return) F E N r f
Best Risky Asset    (expected return)    (risk) F E M r f
The Capital Market Line ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Capital Market Line Sharpe Ratio
The Capital Market Line r f    (expected return)    (risk) F E M
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Next Coverage ,[object Object],[object Object]
Asset Pricing Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Individual’s Choice on the CML    (risk)    (risk)
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Security Market Line (SML) ,[object Object]
What does the SML tell us ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Graphical Representation of the SML
Computing Required Rates of Return ,[object Object],[object Object]
Required Return on GSS First compute the beta of GSS: Next, apply the SML:
Required Rate of Return on GSS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimating the Beta Coefficient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interpreting the Beta Coefficient The beta of the market portfolio is always equal to 1.0. The beta of the risk free asset is always equal to 0.0
Interpreting the Beta Coefficient ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beta Coefficients for Selected Firms
Beta of a Portfolio ,[object Object],[object Object]
Applying the CAPM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Risk And Return Of Security And Portfolio