This document discusses the properties and health benefits of garlic. It notes that garlic is a bulbous plant used for seasoning and medicine. It provides a brief history of garlic use in ancient Greece, India, and China. The document outlines some of garlic's main bioactive compounds like allicin and discusses garlic's antimicrobial, antihypertensive, cardiovascular, and anticancer properties. It summarizes that garlic may help reduce blood pressure and the risk of diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
العرن المثقوب او عشبة القديس يوحنا او عشبة القديسين أو نبتة سانت جونز أو نبتة سيدي يحيى
Hypericum, St John's wort
(Hypericum perforatum)
Part used: dried flowering tops (better) or with leaves or aerial parts.
Constituents:
1- Naphthodianthrones (usually 0.3% total hypericins), including hypericin and pseudohypericin.
2- Prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives including hyperforin and adhyperforin; standardise for hyperforin (usually 2% to 5%).
3- xanthones (dibenzo-γ-pirone)
4- Flavonoids (such as biapigenin, quercetrin and rutin) and procyanidins
5- essential oil.
العرن المثقوب او عشبة القديس يوحنا او عشبة القديسين أو نبتة سانت جونز أو نبتة سيدي يحيى
Hypericum, St John's wort
(Hypericum perforatum)
Part used: dried flowering tops (better) or with leaves or aerial parts.
Constituents:
1- Naphthodianthrones (usually 0.3% total hypericins), including hypericin and pseudohypericin.
2- Prenylated phloroglucinol derivatives including hyperforin and adhyperforin; standardise for hyperforin (usually 2% to 5%).
3- xanthones (dibenzo-γ-pirone)
4- Flavonoids (such as biapigenin, quercetrin and rutin) and procyanidins
5- essential oil.
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
Extraction , Isolation and Structure Elucidation of DigoxinMohammad Khalid
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Indication
Administration
Contraindication and Precaution
Use cautiously in
Adverse Effects
Extraction and Isolation of Digoxin
CHEMICAL TESTS
Structure Elucidation
Herb drug and herb food interaction ppt by nitesh kumarNITESH KUMAR
HERB DRUG AND HERB FOOD INTERACTION IS AN IMPORTANT CHAPTER IN HERBLA DRUG TECHNOLOGY IN THE SYLLABUS OF B.PHARMACY 6TH SEM. IT GIVES A BETTER UNDERTANDING OF HERB FOOD INTERACTION AND RELATED DRUGS.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Red Reishi has more than 200 bio-active compounds and many of them can interfere with the growth, mobility, and invasiveness of cancer cells. Reishi, as the Japanese would call it is Gandoderma lucidum, and ancient medicinal remedy popular across Asia. Traditional healers have been using the herb for more than 4,000 years and found it to be beneficial in many health concerns.
Or other try to click here:
www.reishiscience.com.
If you need to order, text us at 09163224166 / 09276936715 / 09287144826 and/or email us at msaslarona@gmail.com and fraslarona@gmail.com. Thank you. God bless.
Challenges in herbal formulation
Steps in herbal drug formulation
Types of conventional herbal formulations
Liquid herbal dosage forms
Solid herbal dosage forms
Other herbal dosage forms
Novel dosage form
Extraction , Isolation and Structure Elucidation of DigoxinMohammad Khalid
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics
Indication
Administration
Contraindication and Precaution
Use cautiously in
Adverse Effects
Extraction and Isolation of Digoxin
CHEMICAL TESTS
Structure Elucidation
Herb drug and herb food interaction ppt by nitesh kumarNITESH KUMAR
HERB DRUG AND HERB FOOD INTERACTION IS AN IMPORTANT CHAPTER IN HERBLA DRUG TECHNOLOGY IN THE SYLLABUS OF B.PHARMACY 6TH SEM. IT GIVES A BETTER UNDERTANDING OF HERB FOOD INTERACTION AND RELATED DRUGS.
This presentation intends to introduce about ayurvedic tablets known as gutikas or vatis. The content is suitable for undergraduate pharmacy students and high school science learners. It focusses on preparation and standardization. This topic is part of herbal drug technology of B.Pharmacy PCI curriculum.
Red Reishi has more than 200 bio-active compounds and many of them can interfere with the growth, mobility, and invasiveness of cancer cells. Reishi, as the Japanese would call it is Gandoderma lucidum, and ancient medicinal remedy popular across Asia. Traditional healers have been using the herb for more than 4,000 years and found it to be beneficial in many health concerns.
Or other try to click here:
www.reishiscience.com.
If you need to order, text us at 09163224166 / 09276936715 / 09287144826 and/or email us at msaslarona@gmail.com and fraslarona@gmail.com. Thank you. God bless.
ASTASHINE CAPSULES: AN EXCELLENT CHOICE FOR A CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH ABSTRACTPUGOS Products Pvt Ltd
Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid present in microalgae, fungi, complex plants, seafood, flamingos and quail. It is an antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties and as such has potential as a therapeutic agent in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
An excellent blend of fresh mint pineapple tasting supplement, providing several health maintenance and disease prevention ingredients based on scientific data available only from Richard Clement Nutrition.
Manufactured in the USA in a GMP plant
Obesity and hyperlipidemia is international /worldwide problem causing heart disease leading to major predisposing factor for morbidity and death. Conventional medicine used in allopathy include statins, fibrates, niacin and resins but are going to defame due to their adverse effects. Herbal medicine ginger has proved itself as one of the potent anti hyperlipidemic and anti obesity herb with least adverse effects. We did try to compare its hypolipidemic effects with placebo effects when used in mild to moderate hyperlipidemic patients. It was placebo-controlled single blind research study. Research was conducted at National hospital, Lahore, from July to November 2016. Consent was taken from sixty hyperlipidemic patients age range from 25 to 60 years. Both gender male and female patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided in two groups, 30 patients were on drug ginger pasted-powder advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Thirty patients were on placebo pasted-wheat powder, with same color as of ginger powder, advised to take 5 grams in divided doses with their normal diet for the period of three months. Their base line lipid profile and body weight was recorded at start of treatment and were advised to come for check-up, fortnightly.
International Journal of Medical Science in Clinical Research and Review Vol 03, Issue 02,April – 2020 Page |
229
When duration of study was over, their lipid profile and body weight was measured and compared statistically with pre-treatment values. Three months treatment with 5 grams of ginger decreased total cholesterol from 233.11±1.53 mg/dl to 198.44±1.23 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol reduced from 202.21±1.88 mg/dl to 187.72± 1.98 mg/dl, reduced body weight from 76.01±2.66 kg to 72.80±1.87 kg. Both plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol reduction was statistically significant, but body weight decrease was non-significant when analyzed biostatistically.
Anti-Diabetic Activity of Some Medicinal Plants IIJSRJournal
Diabetes mellitus is generally a chronic disease which is a main reason for deaths in whole world. It is not easy to control the delayed complication of diabetes even with progress in the medical management of the syndrome. The disease is spreading day by day. The main trait element of diabetes is hyperglycemia, which reflects the drop in the use of glucose due to a poor reaction to insulin discharge. There are many plants are used to cure diabetes because of the antidiabetic action. Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic actions have been saved with abundant plants, a lot of which are worn as an established herbal treatment of diabetes. A huge number of substances are obtained from plants that suggest antidiabetic potential, while others may affect hypoglycemia as a bad result due to their toxicity, mainly their hepatotoxicity. This review shows the importance of plants and the action of some plants to act against diabetes that is used as a natural medicine for this disease.
Even though there is plethora of scientific literature available
regarding the role of gut microbiome in hypertension, but till date,
there is neither clarity nor established guidelines and consensus
regarding strain-specificity for hypertension in any of the existing
national and international guidelines like European Society of
Hypertension (ESH), International Society of Hypertension
(ISH) etc. Innovative microbiome-based or targeted medication
related research, which have the potential to revolutionize the
treatment of hypertension are highly recommended in future
because effects of probiotics can be specific to certain probiotic
species and strains. Recommendations for their use in the clinical
practice or in research studies need to be compulsorily species and
strain specific and interpretation of data from studies involving
mixture of probiotic supplements can be misleading in terms of
beneficial effects, efficacy and safety and should be cautious
Red Reishi has more than 200 bio-active compounds and many of them can interfere with the growth, mobility, and invasiveness of cancer cells. Reishi, as the Japanese would call it is Gandoderma lucidum, and ancient medicinal remedy popular across Asia. Traditional healers have been using the herb for more than 4,000 years and found it to be beneficial in many health concerns.
Wheatgrass has powerful anti-oxidants, phytochemicals and other nutrients that help cleanse the blood, neutralize toxins and eliminate excess fats, free radicals and heavy metals from our system. It is also rich in fiber which helps clear our toxins and garbage in the digestive tract.
So Easy is a safe and effective regimen designed to efficiently remove mucoid plaque and get rid of the stagnating fecal matter.
By completely staying away from your usual meals and religiously following the 3 day Colon Cleansing Program - you allow your intestinal system to rest, thus restoring the normal operation of your gastro-intestinal tract.
Crimson Publishers: Dietary Supplements as a Possible Trigger of Autoimmune H...CrimsonGastroenterology
Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) etiology remains unknown, but in genetically predisposed individuals, diverse agents may trigger the disease. Herbal and drug induced AIH have been reported in recent years probable due to the increase in self-medication. More studies are necessary to define if drugs and herbal/dietary supplements unmask and induce AIH or drug-induced hepatitis with autoimmune features.
Purpose: We report an autoimmune hepatitis case possibly induced by herbal/dietary supplements intake.
Case-report: A 55-year-old female presented with a 15-day course of jaundice and increased aminotransferases. Immunologic panel showed antinuclear antibody titer of 1:320 and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) level approximately 2 times the upper limit of normal. She reported regular daily ingestion of Herbalife® products for 6 months which were discontinued when symptoms began. Laboratory tests worsened despite the fact that patient had stopped supplements usage, and a liver biopsy was performed. Histology was suggestive of both AIH and drug induced liver disease. The patient fulfilled criteria for probable AIH based on the revised criteria for diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis, and improved with prednisolone and azathioprine therapy, with progressive laboratory improvement and symptoms remission.
Discussion: Herbal/dietary supplements induced AIH has been previously reported, but the causality is not yet well established. Worsening of aminotransferases despite supplement suspension, histological findings and favorable response with corticosteroid treatment, supported the hypothesis of AIH induced by the used supplement. This case report aims to demonstrate the possible causality between herbal/dietary supplements and liver injury, including autoimmune hepatitis.
Zinper softgel caps: a natural nutrient helps to ease occasional nausea & pro...SriramNagarajan16
Chemotherapy –induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), also known by the term emesis, is one of the most
common and dreaded side effects following cancer treatment, and can strongly impact the quality of day –today living of cancer patients. Many Chemotherapeutic agents are associated with significant nausea and
vomiting which represent a challenge to effective therapy. The active ingredients present in Zinper softgels are
terpenes and oleoresin. The major identified components from terpenes are gingerol and shogaols. Zinper
softgels has staring potential as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-emetic effect,
Anti-angiogenesis, anti-nausea and an effective adjuvant treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and
vomiting. The effectiveness of Zinper softgels in preventing or suppressing cancer growth has been examined in
a variety of cancer types, including lymphoma, hepatoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, skin cancer, liver
cancer, and bladder cancer. This article reviews the current available scientific literature regarding the effect of
Zinper softgels as A Natural Nutrient to Promote Healthy GI peristalsis in cancer patients.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
2. INTRODUCTION.
Bulbous plant.
Height- 1.2 m
Family- allium
Botanical name- allium sativum
Uses- in seasoning, flavouring food.
also as a medicine.
23.Leyla Bayan,1 Peir Hossain Koulivand,1 and Ali Gorji1,2,*. Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2014 Jan-Feb
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
3. History of garlic
During olympics in Greece, atheletes used garlic to
improve stamina
Ancient Indian and Chinese medicine- respiration,
digestion, leprosy, parasitic infestation.
Used by Sumerians and Egyptians.
23.Leyla Bayan,1 Peir Hossain Koulivand,1 and Ali Gorji1,2,*. Garlic: a review of potential therapeutic effects. Avicenna J Phytomed.
2014 Jan-Feb
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
4. Nutritional value
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
https://depositphotos.com/118637586/stock-illustration-nutritional-value-of-garlic.html
5. Bio-active components of garlic
Garlic consist of several sulfurous phytochemical compounds.
Allin- sulfurous compound.24
allinase
Allin Allicin
(when fresh raw
garlic is crushed)
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
. Dr. Edward Group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM. The Health Benefits of Garlic: Nature’s Best Medicine. Published on December 13,
2016
6. Allin
Diallyl disulside Diallyl trisulfide Diallyl tetrasulfide
Allicin
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
Dr. Edward Group DC, NP, DACBN, DCBCN, DABFM. The Health Benefits of Garlic: Nature’s Best Medicine. Published on December 13,
2016
8. Anti- Microbial properties.
Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract -
Anti-oxidant properties
Practically vapour form more preferable
anti-inflammatory effects
gamma delta-T cells and Nk cells
1.Daynea Wallock-Richards et al. Garlic Revisited: Antimicrobial Activity of Allicin-Containing Garlic Extracts against Burkholderia cepacia Complex. December 1,
2014
2.Jana Reiter et al. Diallylthiosulfinate (Allicin), a Volatile Antimicrobial from Garlic (Allium sativum), Kills Human Lung Pathogenic Bacteria, Including MDR Strains,
as a Vapor. Molecules. 2017 Oct 12
3.Fozieh Jahani Moghadam et al. Antibacterial Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on Multi-Drug Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolated From Gastric Biopsies. Int
J Enteric Pathog. 2014
4.Mahmoud Zardast et al. Assessment of antibacterial effect of garlic in patients infected with Helicobacter pylori using urease breath test. Avicenna J Phytomed.
2016 Sep-Oct
5.Nantz MP et al. Supplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrition intervention. Clin Nutr. 2012 Jun
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
9. Mechanism
Bacteria- GSH or cysteine residues
GSH or cysteine acted upon by free
thiols present in allicin
By sulfhydryl modifying activity
inhibits action of bacteria.
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
10. Anti-Hypertensive properties
Allicin present in garlic-
Reduces hypertension with no side effects.
Allicin reduces SBP by 10%
Allicor is more effective than kwai
500 mg capsules- twice in a day showed better effect SBP.
6.Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan et al. Does Garlic Supplementation Control Blood Pressure in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease? A Clinical Trial
Study. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016 Nov
7. Ried K etal. Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose-response trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013 Jan
8.Sobenin IA et al. Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension.
Hypertens Res. 2009 Jun
9.Kshitij Bhardwaj, Manish Kumar Verma, Narsingh Verma, Shipra Bhardwaj, Saumya Mishra. Effect of long term supplementation of active garlic allicin
in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Vol 2, No 3 (2015) Bhardwaj.
10.Chuan Hsiao Han et al. Antihypertensive activities of processed garlic on spontaneously hypertensive rats and hypertensive humans. Journal Botanical
Studies
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
11. Mechanism
11
Mediation of
intracellular
nitric oxide
Mediation of
intracellular
hydrogen
sulphide
Obstruction
of
angiotensin-
II production
11.Karin Ried and Peter Fakler. Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) in lowering high blood pressure: mechanisms of action and clinical relevance. Integr Blood Press Control. 2014
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
12. AGE increases thiol
antioxidants-
increases NO
eNOS
(synthesis
requires L-
arginine and
BH4 cofactor)
By
guanylyl
cyclase
dependent
pathway
Increase in
dilation of
blood vessels.
Hydrogen sulphide
mediates through
sulfhydration of ATP-
sensitive potassium
channels
Voltage sensitive
channel opens
Vascular relaxation
of smooth
muscles
AGE inhibits
angiotensin-II enzyme
Suppresses
angiotensin-II
production
Leads to
vasodilation and
reduces
hypertension
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
13. Garlic in CVD
Supplements- AGE capsule(250 gm), vit B12(100 micro gm), l-arginine(100mg), folic
acid(300micro gm), vit B6(12.5 mg) for 1 year
Prevents atherosclerosis
total cholestrol, homocysteine, LDL-C, IgG and IgM were decreased. HDL-C, Lp(a)
levels increased in controlled group
wEAT and homocysteine levels in AGE+S group
bEAT/wEAT, TR=vascular function
Mechanism
AGE+S inhibits damage of NO synthesis. Arginine increases NO bioavailability, thus prevents
vascular stiffness.
12.Isaacsohn JL et al. Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jun 8
13.Matthew J.BudoffM.D et al. Inhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary study. Preventive Medicine, Volume 39, Issue 5,
November 2004
14.Budoff MJ etal. Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med. 2009 Aug-Sep
15.Seo DY et al. Independent beneficial effects of aged garlic extract intake with regular exercise on cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res Pract. 2012 Jun
16.Ahmadi N et al. Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis. Int J
Cardiol. 2013 Oct 3
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
14. Anti-
cancer
properties
In ovarian
cancer
In Saos-2
osteosarcoma
Breast cancerLiver cancer
Pancreatic
cancer
Anti-cancer properties
18.Xu Y1, et al S-allylcysteine suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by DNA methylation through DNMT1.
19.Wen-Peng Xie et al. Treatment of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells with diallyl trisulfide is associated with an increase in calreticulin expression. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Jun;
20.Malki A et al. Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide induced apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009 Nov;8
21.Wu CC et al. Differential effects of allyl sulfides from garlic essential oil on cell cycle regulation in human liver tumor cells. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Dec
22.Hong-Bing Ma et al. Apoptotic pathway induced by diallyl trisulfide in pancreatic cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jan 7
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
15. Type of cancer Bio-active compound of
garlic
Result
Ovarian cancer S-allyl cysteine SAC arrest G1/S phase of A2780 cell
Decreases level of DNA methylation, DNMT1
DNMT1- process of DNA methylation
DNA methylation- causes cancer development
Osteosarcoma cells Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) DATS- calreticulin(CRT) expression osteosarcoma cells.
CRT supplies macrophages to tumor cells to attack, produces killer lymphocytes,
decrease blood supply to tumor tissue
Breast cancer Diallyl trisulfide (DAT) apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines.
Increases expression levels of FAS and cyclin D1(apoptotic cells)
Decreases expression of Akt and Bcl-2 (cancer cell lines).
Liver cancer Diallyl sulfide(DAS), diallyl
disulfide(DADS), diallyl
trisulfide(DATS)
DATS-more effective in inhibiting cells.
DATS reduces cyclin dependent kinase-Cdk7 protein levels in J5 and increases
cyclin B1 level.
Modulation potency- DATS>DADS>DAS
Reason- sulfuric atom numbers in structure of this allyl sulfides
Pancreatic cancer Diallyl trisulfide(DAT) expression of FAS, p21, p53 and cyclin B1 (apoptotic causing cells)
expression of Akt, MDM2 and Bcl-2(causes inhibition of apoptosis)
DATS - capan-2 cells apoptosis than in H6C7 cells
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
16. CONCLUSION
Garlic have shown many positive effects on various diseases like
microbial infection, hypertension, CVD, cancer.
Allicin plays a chief role in reducing blood pressure, as anti-
microbial.
It has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to
presence of phytochemicals, flavonoids- inhibits infection.
Garlic also lowers risk of atherosclerosis
It is anti-thrombogenic, anti-oxidant, vasodilator, lowers LDL-C,
TG levels, lowers cholestrol
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
17. Studies about CVD still needs more research because different forms
and constituents used gives variation in results. Dose and amount,
process for lowering calcification has to be clearly described.
DATS shows anti-cancer properties by cell cycle arrest, inhibiting cancer
cell growth, apoptosis in various cancer cells like of ovarian, pancreatic,
liver, breast cancer etc.
Positive results are found but investigation for proper mechanism of
apoptotic nature has to be described.
People who are sensitive to sulfur can have flatulance, bloating, burning
sensation.
Thus garlic can be said to be a super food due to multi-functional
properties. Consuming 2 garlic a day is recommended.
Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science
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Prapti Gandhi. Dr.BMN college of home science