Robot applications

1. APPLICATIONS OF
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS

2. What we’re going to talk?
Material Handling
Machine Loading
and Unloading
Assembly
Inspection

3. What we’re going to talk?
Welding
Spray painting
Mobile robots
Microbots

4. What we’re going to talk?
Recent
developments in
robotics
Safety
consideration

5. It is further classified into two types :
1.Machine loading and unloading
2.Material transfer
Material Handling
We use material handling robots to transfer parts from
one
machine to another.
Material handling is the combination of art and science
of:
Moving
Storing
Protecting
Controlling the material

6. 1. right amount
2. of the right material
3. in the right condition
4. at the right place
5. in the right position
6. in the right
sequence
7. in the right time
8. by the right method
Material handling means providing the
Link

7. Palletizing Robots: Automating the stacking
of bag, cases, boxes, and other containers
with an industrial robot arm increases
productivity and saves workers from injury.
Pick and Place Robots: Like manual
palletizing, manual pick and place is a tedious
process.
Part Transfer Robots
Types

8. 1. Reduce unit costs of production
2. Maintain or improve product quality,
reduce damages, and provide for
protection of materials
3. Promote safety and improve working
conditions
4. Promote productivity
5. Promote increased use of facilities
6. Control inventory
Goals of material handling

9. Machine Loading And Unloading
In machine loading and unloading process, a robot
will be used to move the work parts to or from the
production machine. This application comes under the
category of material handling operations.
The machine loading and unloading application includes the
following three processes:
Machine loading
Machine unloading
Machine load and unload

10. In this operation, the robot loads raw work
parts in the machine, and some other systems are
used to unload the finished work parts from the
machine.
Example: In a press working process, a robot is
used to load the sheet metal in the press, and the
finished work parts are removed from the press with
the help of gravity.
Machine loading
Link

11. Machine Unloading
In machine unloading, the finished work
parts are unloaded from the machine by a
robot, while the loading of raw materials are
done without any robot support.
Example: Plastic modeling and die casting.
Link

12. Machine Loading & Unloading
In this process, a robot performs both
loading and unloading of work parts in and
from the machine.
Example: Machining operation
Link

13. •Precision
•Accuracy
•Increased Safety
•Speed
•Reliability
•Flexibility
•Can be used in dangerous work
environment
•Machine loading robots work efficiently,
tirelessly, and accurately
Benefits of Machine Loading

14. Assembly
When it comes to putting parts
together, assembly line robots occupy a sweet spot
between humans and dedicated or “hard”
automation. An assembly robot moves faster and
with greater precision than a human.

15. Assembly tasks are typically those which
involve insertion of a peg into a hole. See
Figure

16. •Robot find applications in assembly areas involving
1. screwing of studs and screws in threads holes
2. screwing and unscrewing of nuts
3. insertions of shafts in holes
4. insertion of electronics components in electric
assemblies.
5. assemblies of small electric motors , plugs, switches,
etc
Application
Link

17. Inspection
•The inspection of robots will involve some of the sensors
to calculate the worth of a manufactured part. It uses
mechanical probe experiments to inspect the finished
parts.
•A robot arm with a vision camera can also be used for
non-destructive testing and 3D measurements. It can
objectively identify and pinpoint defects or faulty parts
before they are packed or shipped.

18. Welding
•Robot Welding is a process of joining different
materials.
•The large bulk of materials that are welded are
metals and their alloys although welding is also
applied to the joining of other materials such as
thermoplastics.
•Welding joins different metals or alloys with help of a
number of processes in which heat is supplied either
electrically or by means of a gas torch.

19. WHY ROBOT ARC WELDING?
•Arc welding is performed by skilled workers who are assisted
by a person called fitter.
•The purpose of the fitter is to organize the work and fixture
the parts of the welder.
•The working condition of the welder is typically unpleasant
and hazardous.
•The arc from the welding process emits ultra-violet radiations
which is injurious to human vision.
•As a result welders are required to wear eye protection in the
form of a welding helmet with a dark window.
•Sparks and smoke are generated during the process are a
potential threat to operators.
•Because of the hazards for human workers in continuous arc
welding, it is logical to consider industrial robots for the

20. BENEFITS OF ROBOT ARC WELDING
GREATER QUALITY OF PRODUCT
IMPROVED SAFTEY AND QUALITY-OF-
WORK LIFE
HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY
Link

21. FEATURES OF ARC WELDING ROBOTS
WORK VOLUME AND DEGREES OF
FREEDOM
MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM
PRECISION OF MOTION
PROGRAMMING
INTERFACE WITH OTHER SYSTEM

22. ARC WELDING ROBOT

23. PROBLEMS FOR ROBOTS IN ARC
WELDING
A related problem is that arc welding is often
performed in confined areas that are difficult to
access, such as insides of tanks, pressure vessels,
and ship hulls. Humans can position in to these areas
more readily than robots.
One of the most difficult technical problems is the
variation in the dimensions of the parts in a batch
production job. This type of dimensional variations
means that the arc-welding path to be followed will
change slightly from part to part.
Another technical difficulty is the variations in the
edges and surfaces to be welded together. Instead of
being straight and regular, the edges are typically
irregular. This causes variations in the gap between
the parts and other problems in the way the pieces
mate together prior to the welding process.

24. Arc welding robots performing in a workshop

25. WHY ROBOT SPOT WELDING?
•For larger works on spot welding the welding guns with
cables attached is quite heavy and can easily exceed 100lb
in weight.
•To assist the operator in manipulating the gun, the
apparatus is suspended from an overhead hoist system.
•Even with this assistance, the spot-welding gun represents
a heavy mass and is difficult to manipulate by a human
worker at high rates of production desired on a car body
assembly line.
•There are often problems with the consistency of the
welded products made on such a manual line as a
consequence of this difficulty.
•As a result of these difficulties robots have been employed
with great success on this type of production line to perform

26. BENEFITS OF ROBOT SPOT WELDING
IMPROVED PRODUCT QUALITY
OPERATOR SAFETY
BETTER CONTROL OVER
PRODUCTION OPERATION
Link

27. FEATURES OF SPOT-WELDING
ROBOTS
•Robots must be relatively large. It must have sufficient
payload capacity to readily manipulate the welding gun
for the application.
•The work volume must be adequate for the size of the
product.
•The robot must be able to position and orient the
welding gun in places on the product that might be
difficult to access. This might result in need for an
increased number of freedoms.
•The controller memory must have enough capacity to
accomplish the many positioning steps required for the
spot-welding cycle.

28. A typical spot welding robot

29. Spot welding robot performing in a
welding cell

30. SPRAY PAINTING
Every metallic material will be painted at the final
stage of production in order to protect it from
corrosion. In an automobile industry, the finished
metals are painted with different colors for attracting
the customers.

31. In olden days, this painting process was done by two methods
such as spray coating and immersion & flow coating methods.
Spray Coating method:
In the spray coating method, a spray gun is used to coat the
paints on a metal. It is done manually by the well skilled human
labors. This process can be performed by three different ways,
namely:
Airless spray method.
Air spray method.
Electrostatic spray method.
Immersion and Flow Coating methods:
The operation of immersion and flow coating methods are
almost similar to each other. Both these methods are very
simple techniques in the painting process. In the immersion
method, a metal is dropped into a paint tank and taken out. The
surplus of paints is sent back to the tank. The metals that are to
be painted are placed on top of the paint tank in the flow
coating method. In this process, the paint is made to flow on
METHODS USED FOR SPRAY PAINTING

32. The spray coating method is the harmful process in
the painting operation. It causes a lot of dangers to
the human workers such as:
•Production of fire during the combination of
flammable paint and air.
•Emission of toxic fumes and mist in the
environment.
•Possibility of cancer disease.
•Noise from the spray gun nozzle will cause hearing
problems.
WHY ROBOT FOR SPRAY PAINTING

33. This robot attaches a spray gun on its
wrist and acts like an end effector. The operation
is programmed by a human with the help of teach
– through methods. A robot must have several
necessities such as two or more program storage,
continuous path control, manual lead through
programming method, and hydraulic drive system
for carrying out this process. This type of robots is
mostly used in automobile industries for painting
the exterior and interior parts of a car.
Link

34. Advantages of Spray Painting Robot
High consistency
Better productivity
Increased labors safety
Less power consumption
Minimizes the use of paint

35. MOBILE ROBOTS
–Robots that move around on legs, tracks
or wheels from one place to another.
Eg-
In 1979 a nuclear accident in the
USA caused a leak of radioactive
material which led to Production of
special robot –which Can handle the
radioactive materials.

36. Why go from place to place?
•Transport goods and materials
•Carry messages
•Get there faster
•Do a task while you’re getting there
•Collect information about what’s there
•Get away from something

37. Most robots get around by rolling
Walking is hard –
it requires balancing
Swimming only
works in water
Flying requires a lot
of speed and energy
Wheels and treads
make moving over
ground easier. They
provide stability with
multiple points that
touch the ground

38. How do mobile robots work
Sensors
Motors
Wheels
Programming!
Link

39. Components of a Mobile Robot
(an example)
microphone
Proximity sensor
Video camera
Microwave motion detector
Ultrasound
transducer (sonar)
Polaroid
Ring of IV sensors
On-board computer; magnetic
compass to measure robot
orientation; temperature
transducers
Ring of Polaroid
sonar
sensors
Wheel and motor
from a whelchair
range-finder
Bateries 12V, 80 Ah
disparador
pneumático
de setas
RF Communication antenna

40. Components of a Mobile Robot
• A mobile robot is a combination of various physical
(hardware) and computational (software) components.
• In terms of hardware components, a mobile robot can be
considered as a collection of subsystems for:
– Locomotion – how the robot moves through its environment
– Sensing – how the robot measures properties of itself
and its environment
– Reasoning – how the robot maps the measurements into actions
– Communication – how the robot communicates with an
outside operator
• In terms of software components, a set of
subsystems are responsible for:
– Planning in its various aspects

41. Microbots (or microrobots) is the field
of miniature robotics, in particular mobile robots
with dimensions less than 1 mm. The term can
also be used for robots capable of handling
micrometer size components.
INTRODUCTION
Microbots were developed as a result of
1. Microcontrollers
2. Appearance of miniature mechanical
systems on silicon (MEMS)

42. One of the major challenges in
developing a microrobot is to achieve motion
using a very limited power supply.
CHALLENGES
The microrobots can use a small
lightweight battery source like a coin cell or can
scavenge power from the surrounding
environment in the form of vibration or light
energy.
Microrobots are also now using biological
motors as power sources to draw chemical
power from the surrounding fluid to actuate the
robotic device.
How to overcome challenges

43. MEDICAL MICROBOTS

45. I. Obtaining and measuring data by sensing
II. Collecting samples
III. Recording and
IV. Transferring images to a Central Control
Station.
A Microbot is also contain a mobile
communication module by means of which it can
receive commands from the control centers and
send responses.
TASKS

46. A microbot system is composed of four
fundamental subsystems
1) Mobility
2) Power
3) Communication
4) Control and Computation
5) Sensors.
SUBSYSTEMS

47. Robots in Space
NASA Space Station

48. Robots in Hazardous Environments
TROV in Antarctica operating
under water
HAZBOT operating in atmospheres
containing combustible gases

49. Medical Robots
Robotic assistant for
micro surgery

50. Robots at Home
Sony AidoSony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot

51. Future of Robots
Cog Kismet
Artificial Intelligence

52. Future of Robots
Garbage Collection CartRobot Work Crews
Anatomy

53. Future of Robots
HONDA Humanoid Robot
Humanoids

54. Tasks which are:
– Dangerous
• Space exploration
• chemical spill cleanup
• disarming bombs
• disaster cleanup
– Boring and/or repetitive
• Welding car frames
• part pick and place
• manufacturing parts.
– High precision or high speed
• Electronics testing
• Surgery
• precision machining.
Ideal Tasks

55. • Automation –Machinery designed to carry out a specific task
– Bottling machine
– Dishwasher
– Paint sprayer
• Robots – machinery designed
to carry out a variety of tasks
– Pick and place arms
– Mobile robots
– Computer Numerical Control machines
(These are always better than
robots, because they can be
optimally designed for a
particular task).

56. Recent developments in
robotics
1
A new version of a humanoid disaster robot, called Atlas,
can do half-turns in the air and even a back flip.

57. The eerily humanoid robot, called Atlas, is 4.9 feet
(1.5 meters) tall and weighs 165 pounds (75 kilograms), and
uses Lidar and stereovision to navigate in its surroundings,
according to Boston Dynamics, which makes the robot. Atlas
is designed to be able to take on emergency situations where
human life would normally be put at risk, such as going into
buildings that have crumbled after an earthquake, or dealing
with patients who have deadly, highly infectious diseases.
This robot performing amazing acrobatic feats, from
backflips to half-turn jumps. Atlas has other human-like
abilities, such as a sense of balance, so it resists toppling
when pushed, and can get back up after a fierce shove.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=30&v=fRj34o4hN4I

58. 2
"Sophia," created by Hanson Robotics, attends the RISE
Conference at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition
Centre on July 12, 2017.

59. A robot with an uncannily human-like appearance
recently advanced one step closer to human status, when it
was granted citizenship to Saudi Arabia at the tech summit
Future Investment Initiative (FII).
Named "Sophia," the robot, created by Hanson Robotics
(HR), has a pale-skinned face with features that are capable
of being highly mobile and expressive and displaying a
range of emotions. The company's "latest and most
advanced robot," according to a statement on the HR
website took to the stage at FII on Oct. 25 to address
hundreds of attendees in Riyahd, Saudi Arabia, and to
announce her recently acquired citizenship — the first to be
given to a robot.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWxRLA2BWkw

60. 3
Hands Free Hectare is an experimental farm run by
researchers from Harper Adams University, in the United
Kingdom.

61. It's harvest season in many parts of the world,
but on one farm in the United Kingdom, robots — not
humans — are doing all the heavy lifting.
At Hands Free Hectare, an experimental farm
run by researchers from Harper Adams University, in
the village of Edgmond in the U.K., about 5 tons (4.5
metric tons) of spring barley have been harvested from
the world’s first robotically tended farm. Everything
from start to finish — including sowing, fertilizing,
collecting samples and harvesting — has been done by
autonomous vehicles on the farm, according to the
researchers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xr4aBFUzLmw

62. 4
Just as one might don a wet suit to work
underwater or a spacesuit to work in space, researchers
are designing exoskeletons for robots so the machines can
wear a variety of outfits tailored to different missions.
In experiments, self-folding, heat-activated
origami suits created for robots could help the machines
walk, roll, sail and glide, according to the new study.

63. 5
The Robobee is the size of a cent

64. This insect-sized flying robot is smaller than a
quarter, 12 times lighter than a paperclip, and zips
through the air with a pair of flapping wings. That’s not
even the impressive part. Using a trick of electrostatic
energy, the minuscule bot can efficiently cling to the
underside of any flat surface, from tree leaves to glass
skylights to your plaster ceiling. This electric-powered
perching is almost effortless—it takes 1,000 times less
energy than is needed to fly. The insectoid bot is
called RoboBee, and was developed by a team of
roboticists led by Moritz Graule, a mechanical engineer
at MIT. RoboBee’s wings beat almost as quickly as a real
honeybee.

65. Kindly refer the second PPT for
SAFETY CONSIDERATION

66. Robotics - Fields of application
1.Agriculture
2.Automobile
3.Construction
4.Entertainment
5.Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc.
6.Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc.
7.Manufacturing
8.Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.
9.Mining, excavation, and exploration
10.Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.
11.Material handling
12.Material transfer
13.Machine loading/ unloading
14.Spot welding
15.Continuous arc welding
16.Spray painting
17.Assembly
18.Inspection
19.Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.

67. The Purpose of Robots
 Robots are also used for the following tasks:
• Dirty Tasks
• Repetitive tasks
• Dangerous tasks
• Impossible tasks
• Robots assisting the handicapped
• Can operate equipments at much higher
precision than humans.
• Cheaper on a long term basis.

68. Thank you